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Electro-Pulse-Boring(EPB): Novel Super-Deep Drilling Technology for Low Cost Electricity

Journal of Earth Science 2015年第1期26卷 37-46页

作者： hans o.schiegg Arild Rdland Guizhi Zhu David A.Yuen SwissG eo Power AG Stadtturmstrasse 19 CH-5401Switzerland Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics Norwegian University of Science and Technology7491 TrondheimNorway Department of Earth Sciences ETH-Zurich CH-8092Switzerland Department of Earth Sciences and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences

The inexhaustible heat deposit in great depths （5-10 km） is a scientific fact. Such deposit occurs around the globe. Thereby, everybody is enabled to generate autonomously clean and renewable energy, ample electricity and heat. The economical exploration and exploitation of this superdeep geothermal heat deposit requires a novel drilling technique, because the currently only deep drilling method （Rotary） is limited to about 5 km, due to the rising costs, depending exponentially on depth. Electro-pulse-boring （EPB） is a valuable option to Rotary drilling. EPB, originally investigated in Russia, is ready to be developed for industrialization. The feasibility of EPB is proven by many boreholes drilled up to 200 m in granite （crystalline）. Estimates show outstanding low costs for drilling by EPB： 100 E/m for a borehole with a large diameter （φ） such as 20 （50 cm）, independent on depth and applicable likewise for sediments and crystalline rocks, such as granite. The current rate of penetration （RoP） of 3 m per hour is planned to be augmented up to 35 m per hour, and again, irrespective whether in sedimentary or crystalline formations. Consequently, a 10 km deep borehole with φ 50 cm will ultimately be drilled within 12 days. EPB will create new markets, such as：（i） EPB shallow drilling for geotechnics, energy piles, measures in order to mitigate natural hazards, etc., （ii） EPB deep drilling （3-5 km） for hydro-geothermics, exploration campaigns etc. and （iii） EPB super-deep drilling （5-10 km） for petro-geothermies, enabling the economic generation of electricity. The autonomous and unlimited supply with cost efficient electricity, besides ample heat, ensures reliably clean and renew- able energy, thus, high supply security. Such development will provide a substantial relief to cope with the global challenge to limit the climate change below 2 ℃. The diminution of fossil fuels, due to the energy transition in order to mitigate the climate change, implies likewise the decr

关键词： drilling technology electro pulse petro-geothermics geoenergy geothermal electricity climate change air pollution.

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电子脉冲钻井技术:低成本开发地热能源的创新技术

电子脉冲钻井技术:低成本开发地热能源的创新技术

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2014年中国地球科学联合学术年会——专题4：地热：从地表到深部

作者： hans o.schiegg Arild R?dland 朱桂芝 Dave Yuen SwissGeoPower Company Stadtturmstrasse 19CH-5401 Switzerland Dep.of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Earth Sciences ETH-Zurich CH-8092 Switzerland Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnestota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA.

在地下5-10公里处储存的取之不尽、用之不竭的洁净地热资源是一个不争的科学事实(1)。自主地开发这一地热资源以供热和供电将是未来能源领域的重要发展方向(2)。然而,现存的旋转钻井技术,其成本随深度指数增加,往往只被用于5公里以内的...

在地下5-10公里处储存的取之不尽、用之不竭的洁净地热资源是一个不争的科学事实(1)。自主地开发这一地热资源以供热和供电将是未来能源领域的重要发展方向(2)。然而,现存的旋转钻井技术,其成本随深度指数增加,往往只被用于5公里以内的钻井。因此,一个经济又高效的深钻井创新技术是人心所向。电子脉冲钻井技术就是一个很好的选择。这一原本起源于俄罗斯的创新技术已经投入工业使用,已经很多次成功地在花岗岩硬地层(结晶岩)钻井200多米。估计显示,20英寸(50厘米)为直径的钻

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Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreatic tail

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第26期11卷 4117-4119页

作者： Frank Eder hans-Ulrich Schulz Christoph R(o|¨)cken hans Lippert Department of General Surgery Department of General Surgery Otto-von-Guericke-University Medical Faculty Leipziger StraBe 44 Magdeburg D-39120 Germany Institute of Pathology otto-von-Guericke-University Medical Faculty Leipziger Str. 44 Magdeburg D-39120 Germany

We report a case of the rare solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. In contrast to other pancreatic tumors,the solid-pseudopapillary tumor has a favorable *** 60-year-old female patient we report on here was treated by left pancreatic resection combined with splenectomy for a non-metastasizing tumor of the pancreas. A solid-pseudopapillary tumor was found on histology. The patient had no signs of metastases at *** a microscopically invasive tumor growth is assumed,oncologically curative resection should be preferred vs the less radical enucleation. The rare solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas has a good prognosis after successful oncological resection.

关键词： Pancreas Solid-pseudopapillary tumor

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Pressureless sintering of ZrC with variable stoichiometry

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2017年第2期6卷 165-175页

作者： Katrin SCH(o)NFELD hans-Peter MARTIN Alexander MICHAELIS Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS Dresden Germany

This paper presents the experiments on the synthesis of zirconium carbide (ZrC) using carbothermal reduction of zirconia (Zro2).The ratio of Zro2∶C is used to adapt ZrCxoy with x＜ 1 or ZrC + *** modification of ZrCxoy and the total carbon amount allows the use of pressureless sintering method in combination with sintering temperatures ≤ 2000 ℃.Fully densified ZrC products are *** relevant details of ZrC formation are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD).The sintered products are characterized by XRD,field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),as well as mechanical and electrical *** and FESEM investigations show that ZrCxoy is formed during the manufacturing *** grain size and additional zirconia or carbon are related to the Zro2∶C ratio of the starting powder *** strength up to 300 MPa,Young's modulus up to 400 GPa,fracture toughness up to 4.1 MPa·m1/2,and electrical resistance at room temperature around 10-4 Ω.cm are reached by the pressureless sintered ZrC.

关键词： zirconium carbide (ZrC) carbothermal reduction sintering mechanical properties electrical properties

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Helicobacter species ribosomal DNA in the pancreas, stomach and duodenum of pancreatic cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 3038-3043页

作者： hans-olof Nilsson Unne Stenram Ingemar Ihse Torkel Wadstr(o|¨)m Department of Laboratory Medicine Division of Medical Microbiology Lund UniversityLundSweden Department of Pathology Lund University LundSweden Department of Surgery Lund University LundSweden

AIM： To determine whether gastric and enteric Helicobacter species are associated with pancreatic cancer. METHoDS： Patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer （n = 40）, neuroendocrine cancer （n = 14）, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 （n = 8）, and chronic pan- creatitis （n = 5） were studied. other benign pancreatic diseases （n = 10） and specimens of normal pancreas （n = 7） were included as controls. Pancreatic tissue specimens were analyzed by Helicobacter-specific PCR-assay and products were characterized by denaturing gradient electrophoresis and DNA-sequencing. From a subset of the pancreatic cancer patients, gastric and/or duodenal tissue as well as gallbladder and ductus choledochus tissue were analyzed. Gallbladder and choledochus samples were included as controls. Stomach and duodenum samples were investigated to analyze whether a gastric helicobacter might disseminate to the pancreas in pancreatic cancer patients. Pancreatic specimens were analyzed by Bacteroidesspecific PCR for detecting the translocation of indigenous gut microbes to the diseased pancreas. RESULTS： He/icobacter DNA was detected in pancreas （tumor and/or surrounding tissue） of 75% of patients with exocrine cancer, 57% of patients with neuroendocrine cancer, 38% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, and 60% of patients with chronic pancreatitis. All samples from other benign pancreatic diseases and normal pancreas were negative. Thirtythree percent of the patients were helicobacterpositive in gastroduodenal specimens. Surprisingly, H. bilis was identified in 60% of the positive gastroduodenal samples. All gallbladder and ductus choledochus specimens were negative for helicobacter. Bacteroides PCR-assay was negative for all pancreatic samples. CoNCLUSIoN： Helicobacter DNA commonly detected in pancreatic cancer suggests a possible role of the emerging pathogens in the development of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Helicobacter species Polymerase chain reaction DNA-sequence analysis

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Forestry projections for species diversity-oriented management:an example from Central Europe

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 244-261页

作者： Astor Toraño Caicoya Peter Biber Werner Poschenrieder Fabian Schwaiger hans Pretzsch Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science Center of Life and Food Sciences WeihenstephanTechnische Universität MünchenHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz 2D-85354 FreisingGermany

Introduction:Changes in socio-economy and climate are affecting the demand of wood products *** the same time,society requires that forest supporting structures like biodiversity are maintained and preserved while the demand for wood products is also *** support systems,like forest simulation models,that are able to analyze connections as well as quantify trade-offs between forest structure management and biodiversity indicators are highly ***,such models are generally developed for the local plot or stand scale only and ecosystem-scale analyses are *** this study,we analyzed ways to interpret results from the single-tree forest simulator SILVA from the local to the ecosystem *** also analyzed the impacts of forest management on biodiversity using two species diversity indicators,the species profile index and the species intermingling,for scenarios adapted from the GLoBIoM model in the case study“Augsburg Western Forests”,a high productive region in *** order to evaluate diversity tendencies across the ecosystem,we applied a moving window ***:The relevance of scale for the interpretation of management effects on species diversity was shown and clear differences between scenarios *** differences between scenarios were particularly visible when comparing the two diversity indicators,especially because the species profile index focuses on vertical and horizontal information and the species intermingling focuses mainly on horizontal *** a multifunctional scenario,biodiversity values could be preserved at all scales in the vertical ***,under a bio-energy-oriented scenario diversity at the local scale was reduced,although at the ecosystem level,and only in the horizontal dimension,diversity remained at relatively high ***:With this work,we can conclude that integrative modeling,with multiple scenarios,is highly needed to support forestry decision m

关键词： Forest model Multifunctional forestry Growing window GLoBIoM

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The presence and partitioning behavior of flame retardants in waste,leachate,and air particles from Norwegian waste-handling facilities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期29卷 115-132页

作者： Nicolas A.o.Morin Patrik L.Andersson Sarah E.Hale hans Peter H.Arp Norwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI) P.O.Box 3930Ulleval StadionN-0806 OsloNorway Environmental and Food Laboratory of Vendee(LEA V) Department of ChemistryRond-point Georges Dural CS 8080285021 La Roche-sur-YonFrance Chemistry Department Umed UniversitySE-901 87 UmeaSweden

Flame retardants in commercial products eventually make their way into the waste *** the presence of flame retardants in Norwegian landfills, incineration facilities and recycling sorting/defragmenting facilities is investigated. These facilities handled waste electrical and electronic equipment（WEEE）, vehicles, digestate, glass, combustibles, bottom ash and fly ash. The flame retardants considered included polybrominated diphenyl ethers（∑BDE-10） as well as dechlorane plus, polybrominated biphenyls, hexabromobenzene,pentabromotoluene and pentabromoethylbenzene（collectively referred to as ∑FR-7）. Plastic,WEEE and vehicles contained the largest amount of flame retardants（∑BDE-10： 45,000–210,000 μg/kg; ∑FR-7： 300–13,000 μg/kg）. It was hypothesized leachate and air concentrations from facilities that sort/defragment WEEE and vehicles would be the highest. This was supported for total air phase concentrations（∑BDE-10： 9000–195,000 pg/m^3 WEEE/vehicle facilities, 80–900 pg/m^3 in incineration/sorting and landfill sites）, but not for water leachate concentrations（e.g., ∑BDE-10： 15–3500 ng/L in WEEE/Vehicle facilities and 1–250 ng/L in landfill sites）. Landfill leachate exhibited similar concentrations as WEEE/vehicle sorting and defragmenting facility leachate. To better account for concentrations in leachates at the different facilities, waste-water partitioning coefficients, Kwastewere measured（for the first time to our knowledge for flame retardants）. WEEE and plastic waste had elevated Kwastecompared to other wastes, likely because flame retardants are directly added to these materials. The results of this study have implications for the development of strategies to reduce exposure and environmental emissions of flame retardants in waste and recycled products through improved waste management practices.

关键词： Brominated flame retardants Waste management Environmental emissions Atmospheric emissions Partitioning Leachate

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Halophily reloaded:new insights into the extremophilic life-style of Wallemia with the description of Wallemia hederae ***

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第1期76卷 97-118页

作者： Sašo Jančič Polona Zalar Dragi Kocev hans-Josef Schroers Sašo Džeroski Nina Gunde-Cimerman Department of Biology Biotechnical FacultyJamnikarjeva 101SI-1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Knowledge Technologies Jožef Stefan InstituteJamova cesta 39SI-1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Agricultural Institute of Slovenia Hacquetova 17p.p.2553SI-1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins(CIPKeBiP) Jamova cesta 39SI-1000 LjubljanaSlovenia

Wallemia comprises air-and food-borne,mycotoxigenic contaminants including the halophilic ***,xerotolerant *** and xerophilic *** isolates are easily overlooked and only a comparably small number of strains have been deposited in culture collections so *** order to better understand the natural distribution of Wallemia *** to encounter their natural habitats,we tested more than 300 low-water-activity substrates and 30 air samples from a wide geographical *** isolated more than 150 new Wallemia *** sebi and *** were isolated mostly from hypersaline water,low-water-activity foods,plant materials and *** muriae is the dominant Wallemia species in the air of natural and human influenced environments in *** isolates of *** were obtained from hypersaline environments such as brine,salt crystals,salty foods and MgCl_(2)-rich bitterns,and from the air of hay barns in *** halotolerant strains were recognised as a hitherto un-described species Wallemia hederae,the phylogenetic sister of the halophilic *** *** in-vitro growth on media that contain the chaotropic salt MgCl_(2).Wallemia ichthyophaga can grow in liquid medium enriched with 2 M MgCl_(2).Never before has a microorganism been grown on comparably high MgCl_(2) *** of the activity of a wide range of extracellular enzymes in the presence of NaCl also suggested that Wallemia iswell-adapted to substrates with a reduced water activity.

关键词： Chaophiles Ecophysiology Extracellular enzymes Exudates Machine learning Taxonomy

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Effect of paracellular permeation enhancers on intestinal permeability of two peptide drugs,enalaprilat and hexarelin, in rats

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第6期11卷 1667-1675页

作者： David Dahlgren Tobias olander Markus Sjoblom Mikael Hedeland hans Lennernas Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Translational Drug Discovery and DevelopmentUppsala UniversityUppsala 75236Sweden Department of Neuroscience Division of PhysiologyUppsala UniversityUppsala 75236Sweden Department of Medicinal Chemistry Analytical Pharmaceutical ChemistryUppsala UniversityUppsala 75236Sweden Department of Chemistry Environment and Feed HygieneNational Veterinary Institute(SVA)Uppsala 75189Sweden

Transcellular permeation enhancers are known to increase the intestinal permeability of enalaprilat,a 349 Da peptide,but not hexarelin(887 Da).The primary aim of this paper was to investigate if paracellular permeability enhancers affected the intestinal permeation of the two *** was investigated using the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model with concomitant blood *** luminal compositions included two paracellular permeation enhancers,chitosan(5 mg/mL) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate(EDTA,1 and 5 mg/mL),as well as low luminal tonicity(100 mosm) with or without *** were evaluated by the change in lumen-to-blood permeability of hexarelin and enalaprilat,and the blood-to-lumen clearance of ^(51)chromium-labeled EDTA(CL_(Cr-EDTA)),a clinical marker for mucosal barrier *** two paracellular permeation enhancers increased the mucosal permeability of both peptide drugs to a similar *** data in this study suggests that the potential for paracellular permeability enhancers to increase intestinal absorption of hydrophilic peptides with low molecular mass is greater than for those with transcellular ***,the mucosal blood-to-lumen flux of ^(51)Cr-EDTA was increased by the two paracellular permeation enhancers and by luminal *** contrast,luminal hypotonicity did not affect the lumen-to-blood transport of enalaprilat and *** suggests that hypotonicity affects paracellular solute transport primarily in the mucosal crypt region,as this area is protected from luminal contents by a constant water flow from the crypts.

关键词： Permeation enhancers Absorption-modifying excipients oral peptide delivery Intestinal permeability Intestinal perfusion Pharmaceutical development

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Evaluation of disease burden and symptom scores in patients with acute atrial fi brillation in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第5期15卷 397-400页

作者： Nikola Schütz Dominik Roth Michael Prinz Filippo Cacioppo Sebastian Schnaubelt Alexander o.Spiel hans Domanovits Harald Herkner Department of Emergency Medicine Medical University of ViennaVienna 1090Austria Department of Emergency Medicine Clinic OttakringVienna 1160Austria

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a major public health problem and poses a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide.[1-4]The emergency department(ED)serves as the first point of contact with the healthcare system and plays a key role in the management of patients with AF,which accounts for 3%-10%of all hospital admissions.[5]Treatment plans are often discussed and initiated at the ED.

关键词： patients atrial acute

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