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The mutational dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in serial passages in vitro

Virologica Sinica 2022年第2期37卷 198-207页

作者： Sissy Therese Sonnleitner Stefanie Sonnleitner Eva Hinterbichler hannah Halbfurter Dominik BCKopecky Stephan Koblmüller Christian Sturmbauer Wilfried Posch Gernot Walder Dr.Gernot Walder GmbH Medical LaboratoryDepartment of VirologyAusservillgraten9931Austria Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria Institute of Biology University of GrazGraz8010Austria

Since its outbreak in 2019,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)keeps surprising the medical community by evolving diverse immune escape mutations in a rapid and effective *** gain deeper insight into mutation frequency and dynamics,we isolated ten ancestral strains of SARS-Co V-2 and performed consecutive serial incubation in ten replications in a suitable and common cell line and subsequently analysed them using RT-q PCR and whole genome *** those lines we hoped to gain fundamental insights into the evolutionary capacity of SARS-Co V-2 in *** results identified a series of adaptive genetic changes,ranging from unique convergent substitutional mutations and hitherto undescribed *** region coding for spike proved to be a mutational hotspot,evolving a number of mutational changes including the already known substitutions at positions S:484 and S:*** discussed the evolution of all specific adaptations as well as possible reasons for the seemingly inhomogeneous potential of SARS-Co V-2 in the adaptation to cell *** combination of serial passage in vitro with whole genome sequencing uncovers the immense mutational potential of some SARS-Co V-2 *** observed genetic changes of SARS-Co V-2 in vitro could not be explained solely by selectively neutral mutations but possibly resulted from the action of directional selection accumulating favourable genetic changes in the evolving variants,along the path of increasing potency of the *** among a high number of quasi-species in the SARS-Co V-2 in vitro population gene pool may reinforce directional selection and boost the speed of evolutionary change.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Whole genome sequencing(WGS) Mutational dynamics Adaptation Serial passage in vitro

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A Missing Step: The Value of Psychological Mindedness Training during Psychiatry Residency

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第1期12卷 73-77页

作者： Mark Cogburn Nahrain Raihan hannah Scott hannah Cogburn LSU Health—Shreveport Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA LSU Health Sciences Center—New Orleans Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA

Psychiatry residents, who lack psychological mindedness, struggle to understand the multiple determinants of behavior, or the numerous meanings of a single symptom. This is unfortunate because most psychiatry resident interns feel that they are finally among the group where they belong… like-minded physicians who share a fascination with human nature and a desire to grasp all the nuances and complexities of human behavior. This paper provides a framework for psychiatry departments to train residents along a continuum of psychological mindedness. The authors explain the concept of psychological mindedness, explore the pros and cons of acquiring psychological mindedness, and a scientific basis for its use in general psychiatry. A new model is included to capture any resident’s ability to become psychologically minded, with direction for Program Director’s to possibly develop growth in a resident’s psychological mindedness over four years of training.

关键词： Psychological Mindedness Psychiatry Residents House Officers Psychotherapy Training

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Crosslinking of viral nanoparticles with “clickable” fluorescent crosslinkers at the interface

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第6期53卷 1287-1293,1459页

作者： KAUR Gagandeep BARNHILL hannah Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Nanocenter University of South Carolina

Cu (I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction,a typical "click" reaction,is one of the modular synthetic approaches which has been broadly used in various organic syntheses,medicinal chemistry,materials development and bioconjugation *** have for the first time synthesized two dialkyne derivatized fluorescent crosslinkers which could be applied to crosslink two biomolecules using CuAAC *** yellow mosaic virus,a plant virus with unique structural and chemical properties,was used as a prototypical scaffold to form a 2D single layer at the interface of two immiscible liquids and crosslinked with these two linkers by the CuAAC *** crosslinking,the fluorescence of both linkers diminished,likely due to the distortion of the polymethylene backbone,which therefore could be used to indicate the completion of the reaction.

关键词： pickering emulsion crosslinking nanoparticles CuAAC reaction click chemistry interfacial assembly

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Patient safety and quality improvements in parotid surgery

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第2期8卷 133-138页

作者： Vidit Talati hannah J.Brown Tasher Losenegger Peter Revenaugh Samer Al-Khudari Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA Rush Medical College Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA

Parotidectomy is the mainstay treatment for tumors of the parotid *** an effort to improve clinical outcomes,several modern surgical techniques and perioperative interventions have been evaluated and *** review discusses current and actively debated perioperative interventions aimed at improving patient safety and the quality of *** high-impact literature pertaining to preoperative diagnostic modalities,intraoperative surgical techniques,and postoperative care will be described.

关键词： parotid parotidectomy patient safety surgical quality

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Strengthening the emergency health response to children wounded by explosive weapons in conflict

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2022年第4期5卷 196-203页

作者： hannah Wild Paul Reavley Emily Mayhew Emmanuel A Ameh Mehmet Emin Celikkaya Barclay Stewart Department of Surgery University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Bristol Royal Hospital for Children University Hospitals BristolBristolUK Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonUK Division of Pediatric Surgery Department of SurgeryNational HospitalAbujaNigeria Department of Pediatric Surgery Mustafa Kemal UniversityHatayTurkey Global Injury Control Section Harborview Injury Prevention and Research CenterSeattleWAUSA

The 2022 war in Ukraine has highlighted the unacceptable consequences wrought on civilians and health infrastructure by *** are among the most vulnerable of those affected and constitute an increasing percentage of non-combatants injured in conflicts globally.A disproportionate number of these injuries are caused by blast mechanisms from munitions including‘conventional’landmines and indiscriminate explosive weapons such as barrel bombs and improvised explosive *** 21st century conflict,children are no longer only accidental casualties of war,but are increasingly targeted by parties through acts such as bombing of school buses and playgrounds,conscription as child soldiers,and use as human *** the present viewpoint article,we review the state of pediatric blast injury studies,synthesizing current understandings of injury epidemiology and identifying gaps in research to advance the field towards a concrete agenda to improve care for this vulnerable population.

关键词： consequences injuries globally

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Assessment of the impact of climate change on the occurrences of malaria,pneumonia,meningitis,and cholera in Lokoja City,Nigeria

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第4期3卷 309-318页

作者： Isaac Ayo OLUWATIMILEHIN Joseph Omojesu AKERELE Tolulope Adedoyin OLADEJI Mojisola hannah OMOGBEHIN Godwin ATAI Department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle Ife220101Nigeria Department of Geography Modibbo Adama University of TechnologyYola640001Nigeria Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle Ife220101Nigeria

This study examined the impact of climate change on the occurrence of malaria,pneumonia,meningitis,and cholera in Lokoja City,Nigeria,with the aim of investigating the spatial distribution and prevalence of the four kinds of diseases as well as the coping strategies of people in the *** collected the rainfall and temperature data of Lokoja City during 2000-2020 from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA),and the medical records data of the four kinds of diseases from the Kogi State Ministry of *** also conducted a semi-structured questionnaire of 250 residents,who have experienced one of these diseases,to investigate their coping strategies with these *** Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to research the relationship between the climate parameters and cases of *** result showed annual variations in climatic parameters with R^(2)values of 0.0557,0.0009,and 0.4915 for rainfall,maximum temperature,and minimum temperature,respectively.A positive and significant relationship were observed between maximum temperature and malaria(r=0.80),rainfall and malaria(r=0.54),minimum temperature and meningitis(r=0.64),as well as rainfall and cholera(r=0.66)at P<0.05 *** the regression analysis R^(2)=0.71,0.50,and 0.52 for malaria,cholera,and meningitis,respectively at P<0.05 *** 2000-2020,cases of malaria were highest in Ward A with 15,422,while 715 cases of pneumonia were highest in Kupa North *** Ward A,3787 cases of cholera were recorded to be the highest,while cases of meningitis were highest in Kupa North Ward with 2383 *** revealed that malaria is more common in the wet season,while cholera and meningitis cases were highest in the dry *** study revealed that the most practiced coping strategy is the use of medications by about 90%of the *** studies are recommended in the study area to establish a causal link between climate change and disease occurre

关键词： Climate change Malaria Cholera Pneumonia Meningitis Occurrence of disease Coping strategy to disease

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Sensitivity analysis for stochastic and deterministic models of nascent focal adhesion dynamics

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2017年第7期10卷 237-265页

作者： hannah R. Biegel Alex Quackenbush hannah Callender Highlander Departments of Mathematics and Biology University of Portland 5000 North Willamette Boulevard Portland Oregon 97203 USA Department of Mathematics University of Portland 5000 North Willamette Boulevard Portland Oregon 97203 USA

Sensitivity analysis (SA) is a critical part of modeling any biological system due to the inherent uncertainty in model output, as introduced by parameter values that have not been experimentally determined. SA therefore provides deeper understanding of the system by painting a picture of the extent to which certain model outputs vary in relationship to changes in model parameters. Here we explore two types of global SA for recently developed models of nascent focal adhesion formation, a key step in cellular movement. While many SA methods have been used for deterministic methods, we utilize methods for both stochastic and deterministic models, providing a more complete description of the parameters to which the focal adhesion model is most sensitive. Specific recommendations for further experimentation in the process of cellular motility are proposed in response to the SA.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis method of Morris FAST focal adhesion dynamics cellular motility stochastic models

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The CUL4A ubiquitin ligase is a potential therapeutic target in skin cancer and other malignancies

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2013年第9期32卷 478-482页

作者： Jeffrey hannah Peng-Bo Zhou Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College

Cullin 4A(CUL4A)is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that directly affects DNA repair and cell cycle progression by targeting substrates including damage-specific DNA-binding protein 2(DDB2),xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C(XPC),chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1(Cdt1),and *** work from our laboratory has shown that Cul4a-deficient mice have greatly reduced rates of ultraviolet-induced skin *** a cellular level,Cul4a-deficient cells have great capacity for DNA repair and demonstrate a slow rate of proliferation due primarily to increased expression of DDB2 and p21,*** suggests that CUL4A promotes tumorigenesis(as well as accumulation of skin damage and subsequent premature aging)by limiting DNA repair activity and expediting S phase *** addition,CUL4A has been found to be up-regulated via gene amplification or overexpression in breast cancers,hepatocellular carcinomas,squamous cell carcinomas,adrenocortical carcinomas,childhood medulloblastomas,and malignant pleural *** of its oncogenic activity in skin cancer and up-regulation in other malignancies,CUL4A has arisen as a potential candidate for targeted therapeutic *** this review,we outline the established functions of CUL4A and discuss the E3ligase’s emergence as a potential driver of tumorigenesis.

关键词：泛素连接酶恶性肿瘤皮肤癌治疗 DNA修复 DNA结合蛋白靶点细胞水平

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The Effects of Meditation and Music on Stress in College Individuals

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第3期12卷 223-231页

作者： hannah Stokan Cristina Nguyen Miranda Martinez Baylor University Waco USA

Background: Stress is a universal experience, now more than ever due to an ongoing worldwide pandemic. Modern college students are not only faced with the external pressures of succeeding academically, but they’re also affected by a multitude of other variables that are causing their mental health to suffer. This social trend highlights the need for a simple, efficient, and immediate remedy for individuals suffering from these stressors. Objective: In this controlled study, we assessed the effects of two methods proven by existing research to have stress-relieving effects. Participating college students underwent music (Weightless by Marconi Union) and mindfulness meditation (Daily Calm) treatments. Methods: Ten college students were screened via a self-reporting questionnaire to identify any pre-existing conditions that may present as extraneous variables. Quantitative variables related to stress, such as alpha frequency waves and heart rate, were obtained during baseline and post-treatment stress-induced environments using an iWire EEG recorder and oximeter pulse monitor. Each individual underwent treatments for a duration of five minutes, each with noise-canceling headphones. Students were placed in an experimental stressor state induced by the Stroop test, which provided baseline stressor data. Subsequently, participants underwent each treatment, recording their heart rate before and after each. Upon each treatment’s conclusion, the Stroop test was administered again while alpha wave data was recorded. The final data set was analyzed using a repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and paired T-tests. Results: Participants’ data showed a decrease in both max-min and mean frequencies for both treatment methods, though the only statistically significant difference between baseline recordings was found in mean frequencies for meditation treatment. No significance or trend was found in changes in heart rate. Conclusions: We concluded that our hypothesis w

关键词： Anxiety Stress Neuropsychology Adolescent Meditation Music

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Aggregation-Induced Synthesis (AIS): Asymmetric Synthesis via Chiral Aggregates

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Research 2022年第4期2022卷 731-739页

作者： Hossein Rouh Yao Tang Ting Xu Qingkai Yuan Sai Zhang Jia-Yin Wang Shengzhou Jin Yu Wang Junyi Pan hannah LWood James D.McDonald Guigen Li Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTexas 79409-1061USA Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

A new chiral aggregate-based tool for asymmetric synthesis has been developed by taking advantage of chiral aggregates of GAP(Group-Assisted Purification)reagents,N-phosphonyl *** tool was proven to be successful in the asymmetric GAP synthesis of functionalized 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans by reacting salicyl N-phosphonyl imines with dialkyl bromomalonates in various cosolvent *** chiral induction can be controlled by differentiating between two asymmetric directions simply by changing the ratios of cosolvents which are commonly adopted in AIE(aggregation-induced emission)*** formation of chiral aggregates was witnessed by a new analytical tool-aggregation-induced polarization(AIP).The present synthetic method will be broadly extended for general organic synthesis,particularly,for asymmetric synthesis and asymmetric catalysis in the future.

关键词： asymmetric chiral synthesis

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