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Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“a.ute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” a.d “loca. a.tibiotic thera.y”

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Bone Resea.ch 2019年第3期7卷 225-242页

作者： Elysia.a. Ma.ters Rya. P. Trombetta.Ka.en L. de Mesy Bentley Brenda. F Boyce a.n Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishita.i Ma.a.iro Ishika.a.Yugo Morita.Hiromu Ito Sheila.N. Bello-Iriza.ry Ma.k Ninomiya.Ja.es D. Brodell Jr. Cha.les C. Lee Stephanie P. Ha. Irvin Oh Cha. Xie hani a. awad John L. Da.ss John R. Owen Stephen L. Ka.es Edwa.d M. Schwa.z Gowrisha.ka. Muthukrishna. Center for Musculoskeleta. Resea.ch University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Depa.tment of Biomedica. Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Depa.tment of Pa.hology a.d La.ora.ory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Depa.tment of Orthopa.dics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Depa.tment of Microbiology & Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Depa.tment of Orthopa.dic Surgery Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Depa.tment of Orthopa.dic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA USA

Osteomyelitis is a.deva.ta.ing disea.e ca.sed by microbia. infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, ra.es of reinfection a.e disturbingly high. Sta.hylococcus a.reus is responsible for the ma.ority of chronic osteomyelitis ca.es a.d is often considered to be incura.le due to ba.teria. persistence deep within bone. Unfortuna.ely, there is no consensus on clinica. cla.sifica.ions of osteomyelitis a.d the ensuing trea.ment a.gorithm. Given the high pa.ient morbidity,morta.ity, a.d economic burden ca.sed by osteomyelitis, it is importa.t to elucida.e mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel stra.egies for prevention a.d cura.ive trea.ment. Recent discoveries in this field ha.e identified three distinct reservoirs of ba.teria. biofilm including: Sta.hylococca. a.scess communities in the loca. soft tissue a.d bone ma.row, glycoca.yx forma.ion on impla.t ha.dwa.e a.d necrotic tissue, a.d coloniza.ion of the osteocyte-la.uno ca.a.icula. network(OLCN) of cortica. bone. In contra.t, *** intra.ellula. persistence in bone cells ha. not been substa.tia.ed in vivo, which cha.lenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There ha.e a.so been ma.or a.va.ces in our understa.ding of the immune proteome a.a.nst S. a.reus, from clinica. studies of serum a.tibodies a.d media.enriched for newly synthesized a.tibodies(MENSa., which ma. provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis dia.nosis, prognosis, a.d va.cine development. Fina.ly, novel thera.ies such a. a.timicrobia. impla.t coa.ings a.d a.tibiotic impregna.ed 3D-printed sca.folds represent promising stra.egies for preventing a.d ma.a.ing this deva.ta.ing disea.e. Here, we review these recent a.va.ces a.d highlight tra.sla.iona. opportunities towa.ds a.cure.

关键词： disea.e ca.sed by soft tissue necrotic tissuel

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Sclerostin a.tivity pla.s a.key role in the nega.ive effect of glucocorticoid signa.ing on osteobla.t function in mice

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Bone Resea.ch 2017年第2期5卷 95-108页

作者： Eric E Beier Tzong-Jen Sheu Emily a.Resseguie Ma.a.iko Ta.a.a.a.hani a.awad Debora. a.Cory-Slechta.J Edwa.d Puza. Depa.tment of Environmenta. Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester NY USA Depa.tment of Environmenta. a.d Occupa.iona. Medicine Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA and Center for Musculoskeleta. Resea.ch University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester NY USA

Stress during prena.a. development is correla.ed with detrimenta. cognitive a.d beha.iora. outcomes in offspring. However, the long-term impa.t of prena.a. stress(PS) a.d disrupted glucocorticoid signa.ing on bone ma.s a.d strength is not understood. In contra.t, the detrimenta. effect of lea.(Pb) on skeleta. hea.th is well documented. a. stress a.d Pb a.t on common biologica. ta.gets via.glucocorticoid signa.ing pa.hwa.s a.d co-occur in the environment, this study first sought to a.sess the combined effect of stress a.d Pb on bone qua.ity in a.socia.ion with a.tera.ions in glucocorticoid signa.ing. Bone pa.a.eters were eva.ua.ed using microCT, histomorphometry, a.d strength determina.ion in 8-month-old ma.e mouse offspring subjected to PS on gesta.iona. da.s 16 a.d 17, lifetime Pb exposure(100 p.p.m. Pb in drinking wa.er), or to both. Pb reduced tra.ecula. bone ma.s a.d, when combined with PS, Pb unma.ked a. exa.gera.ed decrement in bone ma.s a.d tensile strength. Next, to cha.a.terize a.mechanism of glucocorticoid effect on bone, prednisolone wa. impla.ted subcuta.eously(controlled-relea.e pellet, 5 mg·kg^(-1) per da.) in 5-month-old mice tha. decrea.ed osteobla.tic a.tivity a.d increa.ed sclerostin a.d leptin levels. Furthermore, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexa.etha.one a.ters the a.a.olic Wnt signa.ing pa.hwa.. The Wnt pa.hwa. inhibitor sclerostin ha. severa. glucocorticoid response elements, a.d dexa.etha.one a.ministra.ion to osteobla.tic cells induces sclerostin expression. Dexa.etha.one trea.ment of isola.ed bone ma.row cells decrea.ed bone nodule forma.ion, wherea. remova. of sclerostin protected a.a.nst this decrement in ***, these findings suggest tha. bone loss a.socia.ed with steroid-induced osteoporosis is a.consequence of sclerostin-media.ed restriction of Wnt signa.ing, which ma. mechanistica.ly fa.ilita.e glucocorticoid toxicity in bone.

关键词： Sclerostin prena.a. nega.ive

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Cha.a.teriza.ion a.d Origin of the Miocene Muda.wa.a.Quwa.ra.Ba.a.tic Dike, Southern Jorda.

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Geosciences 2015年第8期6卷 869-881页

作者： hani a.na.a.leh Kha.ed Ta.a.neh Kha.il Ibra.im Khita. Zghoul awad Titi Ra.i Ra.a.hdeh Kha.ed Mouma.i a.ma. Ma.ri Fa.ulty of Engineering Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma’an Jordan Fa.ulty of Engineering Tafila Technical University Tafila Jordan Fa.ulty of Na.ura. Resources a.d Environment Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan Geologica. Ma.ping Division Geology Directorate Natural Resources Authority Amman Jordan

Petrogra.hic, minera.ogica. a.d geochemica. investiga.ions were ca.ried out on representa.ive?sa.ples from the Muda.wa.a.Quwa.ra.Dike (MQD) in southernJorda.. The MQD intruded Pa.eozoic a.d Creta.eous rocks a. sub-vertica. ba.a.tic plugs, striking NW-SE a.ong a.fa.lt zone a.d extending for more tha. 100 km. The MQD forms irregula.ly positive fea.ures, a.d is represented by symmetrica., elliptica., elonga.ed or circula. hills. It comprises thin ba.a.tic la.ers interca.a.ed?with pyrocla.tics a.d inclusions of different size a.d lithology, including limestone, sa.dstone, phospha.e, qua.tzite, a.d ma.ble. Petrogra.hica.ly, the rock exhibits phyric, porphyritic, vitrophyric a.d loca.ly glomerophyritic textures ma.ifested by pla.iocla.e, clinopyroxene a.d ra.e?olivine a.d set in a.ma.rix of pla.iocla.e, pyroxene, brown gla.s a.d opa.ue pha.es. Clinopyroxene?a.d olivine phenocyrsts show disequilibrium textures such a. rea.tion/resorbed rims in the?forms of corroded ends. The pa.a.enetic sequence shows tha. olivine is the first pha.e to be crysta.lized a.d coexisting with pyroxene a. sometime, while pyroxene continues crysta.liza.ion. Pla.iocla.e might ha.e crysta.lized in contempora.eous la.er tha. the pyroxene. The MQD rocks a.e cla.sified?a. ba.a.t a.d exhibit a.na.row ra.ge of silica.with a.unique suba.ka.ine a.finity. This is most?proba.ly a.tributed to a.simila.ion of the a.unda.t silicicla.tic inclusions by the a.cending ma.ma. Empla.ement of the MQD is a.tributed to regiona. pha.e of ma.ma.ism in Jorda. a.d Sa.di a.a.ia. which is proba.ly the periphera. extension of a.la.ge ma.ma.ic event widely exposed in the Red Sea.rea.m.

关键词： Jorda. Ba.a.t Dike Miocene Geochemistry

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