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Tropical cyclogenesis:Controlling factors and physical mechanisms

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第3期12卷 165-181页

作者： V.P.M.Rajasree Xi Cao hamish ramsay Kelly M.Nú~nez Ocasio Gerard Kilroy George R.Alvey III Minhee Chang Chaehyeon Chelsea Nam Hironori Fudeyasu Hsu-Feng Teng Hui Yu India Meteorological Department GoaIndia Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina CSIRO EnvironmentAspendaleVictoriaAustralia National Center for Atmospheric Research ColoradoUSA Institut f¨ur Physik der Atmosph¨are Deutsches Zentrum f¨ur Luft-undBerlinGermany Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/Hurricane Research Division MiamiFloridaUSA Korea Institute of Science and Technology SeoulRepublic of Korea Colorado State University ColoradoUSA Yokohama National University YokohamaJapan National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pacific Science Association ColoradoUSA Shanghai Typhoon Institute/China Meteorological Administration ShanghaiChina

In this review,advances in the understanding of the controlling factors and physical mechanisms of tropical cyclogenesis(TCG)are summarized from recent(2018–2022)research on TCG,as presented in the Tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10).Observational,theoretical,and numerical modeling studies published in recent years have advanced our knowledge on the influence of large-scale environmental factors on ***,studies have shown clearly that appropriate convective coupling with tropical equatorial waves enhances the development chances of *** recently,illuminating research has been carried out on analyzing the mechanisms by which oscillations and teleconnections(El Ni˜no Southern Oscillation(ENSO)in particular)modulate TCG globally,in association with changes in the sea surface temperature(SST).In addition to this,recent research has diligently addressed different aspects of *** studies have reported the applicability of unified theories and physical mechanisms of TCG in different ocean ***,research has been carried out on TCG under different flow pattern regimes,dry air intrusion,importance of marsupial pouch,genesis of Medicanes,wind shear,convection and vertical ***,studies have discussed the possibility of near equatorial TCG provided that there is enough supply of background vertical vorticity and relatively low vertical wind *** has been made to understand the role of climate change on global and regional ***,there are still significant gaps which need to be addressed in order to better understand TCG prediction.

关键词： Tropical cyclogenesis AEW ENSO SST Marsupial pouch Dry air intrusion Moderate shear Convection Near equatorial TCG Climate change

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赋予物理学持久魅力的超流

物理 2024年第5期53卷 352-353页

作者：赵小明刘伍明 hamish Johnston 北京科技大学物理系中国科学院物理研究所

量子效应无处不在，但物质的量子特性往往只在微观层面显现。超流氦却与众不同，它的一些奇异特性可以被直观观察到。在《超流体》一书中，任职于欧洲散裂中子源和隆德大学的工程师约翰·魏森德(John Weisend)阐释了这些特性，它们使得...

量子效应无处不在，但物质的量子特性往往只在微观层面显现。超流氦却与众不同，它的一些奇异特性可以被直观观察到。在《超流体》一书中，任职于欧洲散裂中子源和隆德大学的工程师约翰·魏森德(John Weisend)阐释了这些特性，它们使得这种非凡物质成为众多尖端科技不可或缺的一部分。超流氦不仅仅是科学上的奇趣现象，目前研究人员和工程师正以吨为单位使用它。

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BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated and characterized from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro model of human fetal spinal cord development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 447-457页

作者： Michael W.Weible II Michael D.Lovelace hamish D.Mundell Tsz Wai Rosita Pang Tailoi Chan-Ling Bosch Institute Discipline of Anatomy and Histology(F13)University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Environment and Science Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia Discipline of Medicine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyKingswoodNSWAustralia New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre(D17)SydneyNSWAustralia

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not well ***-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord is *** was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BMPRⅡand leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized to sensory *** and meningeal-associated BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,CD34/*** immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/CD118.A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified,*** neurospheres were characterized by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent *** cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and oligodendrocytic(O4+)lineage ***-activated cell sorting-sorted BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in *** is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal *** data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterize

关键词： BMPRⅡ bone morphogenetic protein histotypic human spinal cord development leukemia inhibitory factor neurosphere organotypic reaggregate sensory columns

A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong hamish Patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

Contrasting patterns of accumulation,partitioning,and remobilization of biomass and phosphorus in a maize cultivar

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The Crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 254-261页

作者： Weina Zhang Haigang Li Junling Zhang Jianbo Shen hamish Brown Enli Wang Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering Huanghuai UniversityZhumadian 463000HenanChina Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources Key Laboratory of Grassland Resource(IMAU)Ministry of EducationCollege of GrasslandResources and EnvironmentInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018Inner MongoliaChina The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Private Bag 4704ChristchurchNew Zealand CSIRO Agriculture and Food GPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia

Maize growth,organ development,and yield formation are highly controlled by the manner in which the plant captures,partition,and remobilizes biomass and phosphorus(P).Better understanding of biomass and P accumulation,partition,and remobilization processes will improve modeling of crop resource ***,there is still a lack of detailed data to parameterize the modeling of these processes,particula rly for modern maize cultivars.A two-year(2016 and 2017)field experiment with three P fertilization treatments(0(P0),75(P75),and 300(P300)kg P_(2)O_(5)ha^(-1))was conducted on a Fluvo-aquic soil(Quzhou,Hebei province,China)to collect data and quantify key processes for a representative modern maize cultivar(Zhengdan 958)widely grown in *** proportions of biomass and P partitioned into various maize organs were unaffected by P application *** 958 showed a much lower leaf-senescence rate than older cultivars,resulting in post-silking leaf photosynthesis being sufficient to meet grain biomass *** contrast,50%-85%of leaf P and 15%-50%of stem P accumulated pre-silking were remobilized into grain,in spite of the large proportion of post-silking P *** results are consistent with the theory that plants use resources according to the priority order of re-allocation from senescence followed by assimilation and uptake,with the re-translocation of reserves *** results also enabled us to estimate the threshold P concentrations of Zhengdan 958 for modeling crop P *** critical leaf P concentration for individual leaves was 0.25%-0.30%,with a corresponding specific leaf P(SLP)of 75-100 mg P m^(-2).The structural P concentration for leaf was 0.01%,corresponding to an SLP of 3.8 mg P m^(-2).The maximum P concentrations of leaves and stems were 0.33%and 0.29%.The residual P concentration for stems was 0.006%.

关键词： Biomass Phosphorus Partitioning Remobilization Individual leaves

Mucosal imaging in colon polyps:New advances and what the future may hold

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第47期28卷 6632-6661页

作者： Edward John Young Arvinf Rajandran hamish Lachlan Philpott Dharshan Sathananthan Sophie Fenella Hoile Rajvinder Singh Department of Gastroenterology Lyell McEwin HospitalNorthern Adelaide Local Health NetworkElizabeth Vale 5031South AustraliaAustralia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000South AustraliaAustralia

An expanding range of advanced mucosal imaging technologies have been developed with the goal of improving the detection and characterization of lesions in the gastrointestinal *** technologies have targeted colorectal neoplasia given the potential for intervention prior to the development of invasive cancer in the setting of widespread surveillance *** in adenoma detection reduces miss rates and prevents interval cancer *** imaging technologies aim to enhance detection without significantly increasing procedural *** polyp characterisation guides resection techniques for larger polyps,as well as providing the platform for the“resect and discard”and“do not resect”strategies for small and diminutive *** review aims to collate and summarise the evidence regarding these technologies to guide colonoscopic practice in both interventional and non-interventional endoscopists.

关键词： Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer Mucosal imaging Chromoendoscopy Polyp surveillance Polyp characterization

低年级直博生学术热情缘何消减:基于扎根理论的分析

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学位与研究生教育 2022年第1期 63-70页

作者：洪茜郭菲 hamish Coates 清华大学教育研究院北京100084 清华大学教育研究院高等教育研究所北京100084

运用扎根理论方法,探究低年级直博生学术热情消减的原因,指出学术热情消减是在个体入学前学习基础、动机与准备,教育情境中的重要他者和发展平台,以及就业前景等因素的作用下引发的行动回应,在不同个体身上体现为“主动放弃”或“被动... 详细信息

运用扎根理论方法,探究低年级直博生学术热情消减的原因,指出学术热情消减是在个体入学前学习基础、动机与准备,教育情境中的重要他者和发展平台,以及就业前景等因素的作用下引发的行动回应,在不同个体身上体现为“主动放弃”或“被动抽离”两类维度,进而对个体后续发展趋向产生差异化的影响。据此提出了建议:贯通“后推免时期”与博士生教育阶段,提升本博衔接水平;因人施教,设定合理角色期望与支持策略;适应学生多元的发展需求,建设开放包容的博士生培养体系。

关键词：直博生学术热情扎根理论博士生教育

A review of solar type Ⅲ radio bursts

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第7期14卷 773-804页

作者： hamish Andrew Sinclair Reid Heather Ratcliffe SUPA School of Physics & Astronomy University of GlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom Centre for Space Fusion and AstrophysicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickCV47ALUnited Kingdom

Solar type III radio bursts are an important diagnostic tool in the understanding of solar accelerated electron beams. They are a signature of propagating beams of nonthermal electrons in the solar atmosphere and the solar system. Consequently, they provide information on electron acceleration and transport, and the conditions of the background ambient plasma they travel through. We review the observational properties of type III bursts with an emphasis on recent results and how each property can help identify attributes of electron beams and the ambient background plasma. We also review some of the theoretical aspects of type III radio bursts and cover a number of numerical efforts that simulate electron beam transport through the solar corona and the heliosphere.

关键词： Sun: flares -- Sun: radio radiation -- Sun: X-rays gamma rays -- Sun:particle emission

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of gastric dysplasia and early cancer:Current evidence and what the future may hold

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第31期27卷 5126-5151页

作者： Edward Young hamish Philpott Rajvinder Singh Department of Gastroenterology Lyell McEwin HospitalElizabeth Vale 5112SAAustralia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000SAAustralia

Gastric cancer accounts for a significant proportion of worldwide cancer-related morbidity and *** well documented precancerous cascade provides an opportunity for clinicians to detect and treat gastric cancers at an endoscopically curable *** high prevalence regions such as Japan and Korea,this has led to the implementation of population screening ***,guidelines remain ambiguous in lower prevalence *** recent years,there have been many advances in the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer and precancerous *** advanced endoscopic imaging has led to improved detection and characterization of gastric lesions as well as superior accuracy for delineation of margins prior to *** addition,promising early data on artificial intelligence in gastroscopy suggests a future role for this technology in maximizing the yield of advanced endoscopic *** on endoscopic resection(ER)are particularly robust in Japan and Korea,with high rates of curative ER and markedly reduced procedural ***,there is a shortage of data in other regions to support the applicability of protocols from these high prevalence *** advances in endoscopic therapeutics will likely lead to further expansion of the current indications for ER,as both technology and proceduralist expertise continue to grow.

关键词： Gastric cancer Endoscopy Endoscopic imaging Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopic submucosal dissection