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Spatial and temporal dynamics of growth of woody plant species (birch and willows) on the foreland of a retreating glacier in southern Iceland

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ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 184-194页

作者： haley e.synan Mikael A.Melfi Lawrence H.Tanner Department of Biological and environmental Sciences Le Moyne CollegeSyracuseNew York 13214USA

Background:The forelands of retreating glaciers are invaluable natural laboratories in which to explore the processes of primary *** studies have been conducted on foreland chronosequences to identify temporal and spatial trends of the successional *** study focused on the spatio-temporal distribution of three woody plant species on the foreland of a retreating glacier in southern Iceland where historical observations provide precise age control of the *** evaluate colonization and successional trends,we examined which species increase in abundance with time and tested the role of proximity to a seed source in ***,we quantified the rate at which biomass carbon is added to the ***:The density of stems of Betula pubescens increases with moraine age across the foreland chronosequence while the density of stems of both Salix lanata and Salix phylicifolia *** found low statistical significance to the relationship between the density of *** and distance from a forested ridge nor did we find a relationship between the lengths of the stems and the moraine *** biomass increased fastest during early successional stages and reached a maximum of 28.5 g C m^(−2) on the oldest ***:early colonization of moraines was controlled by environmental filters which favored both Salix *** by *** followed as environmental factors,e.g.,favorable soil properties,*** found no conclusive evidence that proximity to a potential source of *** propagules was a significant factor in controlling *** assumption that the abundance of individuals increased with time through later successional stages proved valid for ***,but not for either species of *** findings are consistent with the classical spatial successional model of community ***,general successional processes at the landscape scale control the temp

关键词： Glacial foreland Chronosequence Primary succession Spatial distribution Aboveground biomass Iceland

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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PeG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

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Investigation into precision engineering design and development of the next-generation brake discs using Al/SiC metal matrix composites

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Nanotechnology and Precision engineering 2021年第4期4卷 24-36页

作者： Jake haley Kai Cheng Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering College of EngineeringDesign and Physical SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridge UB83PHUnited Kingdom

Substantially lightweight brake discs with high wear resistance are highly desirable in the automotive *** paper presents an investigation of the precision-engineering design and development of automotive brake discs using nonhomogeneous Al/SiC metal-matrixcomposite *** design and development are based on modeling and analysis following stringent precision-engineering principles,i.e.,brake-disc systems that operate repeatably and stably over time as enabled by precision-engineering *** design and development are further supported by tribological experimental testing and finite-element *** results show the industrial feasibility of the innovative design approach and the application merits of using advanced metal-matrix-composite materials for next-generation automotive and electric vehicles.

关键词： Brake disc design Metal matrix composite Precision engineering design Tribological testing Automotive braking system Finite element analysis(FeA)and simulation

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Molecular barriers to direct cardiac reprogramming

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Protein & Cell 2017年第10期8卷 724-734页

作者： haley Vaseghi Jiandong Liu Li Qian Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine McAllister Heart Institute University of North CarolinaChapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Myocardial infarction afflicts close to three quarters of a million Americans annually, resulting in reduced heart function, arrhythmia, and frequently death. Cardiomy- ocyte death reduces the heart＇s pump capacity while the deposition of a non-conductive scar incurs the risk of arrhythmia. Direct cardiac reprogramming emerged as a novel technology to simultaneously reduce scar tissue and generate new cardiomyocytes to restore cardiac function. This technology converts endogenous cardiac fibroblasts directly into induced cardiomyocyte-like cells using a variety of cocktails including transcription factors, microRNAs, and small molecules. Although promising, direct cardiac reprogramming is still in its fledging phase, and numerous barriers have to be overcome prior to its clinical application. This review discusses current findings to optimize reprogramming efficiency, including reprogramming factor cocktails and stoichiometry, epigenetic barriers to cell fate reprogramming, incomplete conversion and residual fibroblast identity, requisite growth factors, and environmental cues. Finally, we address the current challenges and future directions for the field.

关键词： cardiac reprogramming myocardia infarction epigenetics heart regeneration

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Repressors of reprogramming

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第3期7卷 541-546页

作者： Melissa Popowski haley Tucker the Rockefeller University New York Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Texas at Austin

Induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) have been the focal point of ever increasing interest and scrutiny as they hold the promise of personalized regenerative medicine. However, creation of i PSCs is an inefficient process that requires forced expression of potentially oncogenic proteins. In order to unlock the full potential of i PSCs, both for basic and clinical research, we must broaden our search for more reliable ways of inducing pluripotency in somatic cells. This review surveys an area of reprogramming that does not receive as much focus, barriers to reprogramming, in the hope of stimulating new ideas and approaches towardsdeveloping safer and more efficient methods of reprogramming. Better methods of i PSC creation will allow for more reliable disease modeling, better basic research into the pluripotent state and safer i PSCs that can be used in a clinical setting.

关键词： Reprogramming Induced pluripotency Stem cells

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evidence and explanation for the involvement of the nucleus accumbens in pain processing

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 597-605页

作者： haley N.Harris Yuan B.Peng Department of Psychology University of Texas at Arlington

The nucleus accumbens(NAc)is a subcortical brain structure known primarily for its roles in pleasure,reward,and *** less focus on the NAc in pain research,it also plays a large role in the mediation of pain and is effective as a source of *** for this involvement lies in the NAc’s cortical connections,functions,pharmacology,and therapeutic *** NAc projects to and receives information from notable pain structures,such as the prefrontal cortex,anterior cingulate cortex,periaqueductal gray,habenula,thalamus,***,the NAc and other pain-modulating structures share functions involving opioid regulation and motivational and emotional processing,which each work beyond simply the rewarding experience of pain *** speaking,the NAc responds heavily to painful stimuli,due to its high density ofμopioid receptors and the activation of several different neurotransmitter systems in the NAc,such as opioids,dopamine,calcitonin gene-related peptide,γ-aminobutyric acid,glutamate,and substance P,each of which have been shown to elicit analgesic *** both preclinical and clinical models,deep brain stimulation of the NAc has elicited successful *** multi-functional NAc is important in motivational behavior,and the motivation for avoiding pain is just as important to survival as the motivation for seeking *** is possible,then,that the NAc must be involved in both pleasure and pain in order to help determine the motivational salience of positive and negative events.

关键词： analgesia circuitry deep brain stimulation nociception nucleus accumbens pain pain relief pain signaling reward striatum

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Sexual selection in cane toads Rhinella marina： A male＇s body size affects his success and his tactics

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Current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 747-753页

作者： haley BOWCOCK Gregory P. BROWN Richard SHINe School of Biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Abstract Male body size can play an important role in the mating systems of anuran amphibians. We conducted labora- tory-based trials with cane toads Rhinella （Bufo） marina from an invasive population in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia, to clarify the effects of a male＇s body size on his reproductive success and behavior （mate choice）. Males were stimulated with a synthetic hormone to induce reproductive readiness. Larger body size enhanced a male toad＇s ability to displace a smaller rival from amplexus, apparently because of physical strength： more force was required to dislodge a larger than a smaller amplectant male. A male＇s body size also affected his mate-choice criteria. Males of all body sizes were as likely to attempt amplexus with another male as with a female of the same size, and preferred larger rather than smaller sexual targets. However, this size prefe- rence was stronger in larger males and hence, amplexus was size-assortative. This pattern broke down when males were given access to already-amplectant male-female pairs： males of all body sizes readily attempted amplexus with the pair, with no size discrimination. An amplectant pair provides a larger visual stimulus, and prolonged amplexus provides a strong cue for sex iden- tification （one of the individuals involved is almost certainly a female）. Thus, a male cane toad＇s body size affects both his ability to defeat rivals in physical struggles over females, and the criteria he uses when selecting potential mates, but the impacts of that selectivity depend upon the context in which mating occurs

关键词： Mating systems Size-assortative mating Large-male advantage Anurans Invasive species

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Poly(ethylene glycol)hydrogel elasticity influences human mesenchymal stem cell behavior

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2018年第3期5卷 167-175页

作者： Anna K.Whitehead haley H.Barnett Mary e.Caldorera-Moore Jamie J.Newman School of Biological Sciences Department of Biomedical engineering Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71272USA

Coordinated investigations into the interactions between biologically mimicking(biomimetic)material constructs and stem cells advance the potential for the regeneration and possible direct replacement of diseased cells and *** clinically relevant therapies will require the development and optimization of methods that mass produce fully functional cells and *** advances in the design and synthesis of biomaterial scaffolds,one of the biggest obstacles facing tissue engineering is understanding how specific extracellular cues produced by biomaterial scaffolds influence the proliferation and differentiation of various cell *** elasticity is one such tailorable property of synthetic scaffolds that is known to differ between ***,we investigate the interactions between an elastically tailorable polyethylene glycol(PeG)-based hydrogel platform and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs).For these studies,two different hydrogel compositions with elastic moduli in the ranges of 50-60 kPa and 8-10 kPa were *** findings demonstrate that the different elasticities in this platform can produce changes in hMSC morphology and proliferation,indicating that the platform can be implemented to produce changes in hMSC behavior and cell state for a broad range of tissue engineering and regenerative ***,we show that the platform’s different elasticities influence stem cell differentiation potential,particularly when promoting stem cell differentiation toward cell types from tissues with stiffer *** findings add to the evolving and expanding library of information on stem cell-biomaterial interactions and opens the door for continued exploration into PeG-based hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

关键词： biomaterial-cell interaction scaffolds stem cells

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estimation of age in forensic anthropology:historical perspective and recent methodological advances

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 1-9页

作者： Douglas H.Ubelaker haley Khosrowshahi Department of Anthropology Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCUSA

estimation of age represents a central focus of forensic anthropological analysis of human skeletal remains and of the living. Advances registered in recent research include the topics of taphonomic impact, new anatomical areas of interest, histology, population variation, the dental pulp chamber, technology, mathematical approaches, biochemical analysis and techniques specifically targeting the living. This article reviews the historical development of age estimation methods and considers likely future directions.

关键词： Age estimation forensic sciences forensic anthropology history recent advances

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Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: One family's story

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： haley M Zylberberg Keith Sultan Steven Rubin Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Division of Gastroenterology Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer(HDGC) is an inherited form of gastric cancer that carries a poor prognosis. Most HDGCs are caused by an autosomal dominant genetic mutation in the CDH1 gene, which carries a 70%-80% lifetime risk of gastric cancer. Given its submucosal origin, endoscopic surveillance is an unreliable means of early detection, and prophylactic gastrectomy is recommended for CDH1 positive individuals older than age 20 years. We describe the case of a male with recurrent gastric cancer who was diagnosed with HDGC secondary to the CDH1 mutation, and we also describe the patient's pedigree and outcomes of recommended genetic testing.

关键词： Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer Genetic testing Genetic diseases Gastric cancer Lobular breast cancer Inheritable diseases

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