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Alterations of autophagic and innate immune responses by the Crohn’s disease-associated ATG16L1 mutation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第26期28卷 3063-3070页

作者： Natsuki Okai Tomohiro Watanabe Kosuke Minaga Ken Kamata hajime Honjo Masatoshi Kudo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsaka-Sayama 589-8511OsakaJapan

Crohn’s disease(CD)is driven by the loss of tolerance to intestinal microbiota and excessive production of pro-inflammatory *** pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced by macrophages and dendritic cells(DCs)upon sensing the intestinal microbiota by the pattern recognition receptors(PRRs).Impaired activation of PRR-mediated signaling pathways is associated with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation,as shown by the fact that loss-of-function mutations in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 gene increase the risk of CD *** is an intracellular degradation process,during which cytoplasmic nutrients and intracellular pathogens are *** that impaired reaction to intestinal microbiota alters signaling pathways mediated by PRRs,it is likely that dysfunction of the autophagic machinery is involved in the development of ***,the loss-of-function mutation T300A in the autophagy related 16 like 1(ATG16L1)protein,a critical regulator of autophagy,increases susceptibility to *** studies have provided evidence that ATG16L1 is involved not only in autophagy,but also in PRR-mediated signaling ***16L1 negatively regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine responses of macrophages and DCs after these cells sense the intestinal microbiota by ***,we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of CD in the T300A ATG16L1 mutation by focusing on PRR-mediated signaling pathways.

关键词： ATG16L1 Crohn’s disease Autophagy Innate immunity Cytokine Pattern recognition receptors

Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of bile duct margin for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第12期24卷 1332-1342页

作者： Takayuki Shiraki hajime Kuroda Atsuko Takada Yoshimasa Nakazato Keiichi Kubota Yasuo Imai Department of Gastroen- terological Surgery Dokkyo Medical University Department of Diagnostic Pathology Dokkyo Medical University

AIM To evaluate the usefulness of frozen section diagnosis(FSD) of bile duct margins during surgery for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(CCA). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 74 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for extrahepatic CCA from 2012 to 2017, during which FSD of bile duct margins was performed. They consisted of 40 distant and 34 perihilar CCAs(45 and 55 bile duct margins, respectively). The diagnosis was classified into three categories: negative, borderline(biliary intraepithelial neoplasia-1 and 2, and indefinite for neoplasia), or positive. FSD in the epithelial layer, subepithelial layer, and total layer was compared with corresponding permanent section diagnosis(PSD) ***, association between FSD and local recurrence was analyzed with special reference to *** Analysis of 100 duct margins revealed that concordance rate between FSD and PSD was 68.0% in the total layer, 69.0% in the epithelial layer, and 98.0% in the subepithelial layer. The extent of remaining biliary epithelium was comparable between FSD and PSD, and more than half of the margins lost > 50% of the entire epithelium, suggesting low quality of the samples. In FSD, the rate of negative margins decreased and that of borderline and positive margins increased according to the extent of the remaining epithelium. Diagnostic discordance between FSD and PSD was observed in 31 epithelial layers and two subepithelial layers. Alteration from borderline to negative was the most frequent(20 of the 31 epithelial layers). Patients with positive margin in the total and epithelial layers by FSD demonstrated a significantly worse local recurrence-free survival(RFS) compared with patients with borderline and negative margins, which revealed comparable local RFS. Patients with borderline and negative margins in the epithelial layer by PSD also revealed comparable local RFS. These results suggested that epithelial borderline might be regarded substantially as negati

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Bile duct cancer Frozen section diagnosis Permanent section diagnosis Bile duct margin Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia Dysplasia Indefinite for neoplasia Borderline lesion Local recurrence

Genetic data indicate that most field-collected woodroach pairs are unrelated

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 522-526页

作者： hajime Yaguchi Yoshinobu Hayashi Takafumi Tohoku Christine A. Nalepa Kiyoto Maekawa Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama Japan Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Department of Entomology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA

Dear Editor, Woodroaches in the genus Cryptocercus are subsocial cockroaches that utilize decaying logs for both shelter and as a food source （Nalepa, 1984）. Based on molecular phylogenetic studies of multiple independent data （e.g., Lo et al., 2000; Inward et al., 2007）, Cryptocercus and termites are shown to have a sister group relationship within the cockroach clade. The 2 groups also share mul- tiple traits related to ecology, social structure, symbionts, and digestive physiology. Consequently, to discuss euso- cial e-~olution in termites, Cryptocercus would serve as an important group for a ＂model-taxon by homology＂（Klass et al., 2008）.

关键词： CRYPTOCERCUS-PUNCTULATUS DICTYOPTERA WOOD-FEEDING COCKROACHES SCUDDER DICTYOPTERA TERMITES

Sclerosing cholangitis associated with autoimmune pancreatitis differs from primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第19期15卷 2357-2360页

作者： Terumi Kamisawa Kensuke Takuma hajime Anjiki Naoto Egawa Masanao Kurata Goro Honda Kouji Tsuruta Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital3-18-22 HonkomagomeBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8677Japan Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital3-18-22 HonkomagomeBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8677Japan

AIM:To clarify the characteristic features of biliary le-sions in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP) and compare them with those of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) .METHODS:The clinicopathological characteristics of 34 patients with sclerosing cholangitis(SC) associated with AIP were compared with those of 4 patients with ***:SC with AIP occurred predominantly in el-derly *** jaundice was the most frequent initial symptom in SC with *** SC patients with AIP had elevated serum IgG4 levels,and sclerosing diseases were more frequent in these *** pa-tients with AIP responded well to steroid ***-mental stenosis of the lower bile duct was observed only in SC patients with AIP,but a beaded and pruned-tree appearance was detected only in PSC *** infi ltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells was de-tected in the bile duct wall and the periportal area,as well as in the pancreas,of SC patients with ***:SC with AIP is distinctly different from *** two diseases can be discriminated based on cholangiopancreatographic findings and serum IgG4 levels.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis IgG4 Primarysclerosing cholangitis Sclerosing cholangitis

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for large laterally spreading tumors involving the ileocecal valve and terminal ileum

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第3期18卷 291-294页

作者： Gustavo Kishimoto Yutaka Saito hajime Takisawa Haruhisa Suzuki Taku Sakamoto Takeshi Nakajima Takahisa Matsuda National Cancer Center Hospital Endoscopy Division 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a challenging technique that enables en-bloc resection for large colorectal tumors, as laterally spreading tumors, particularly difficult, if the ileocecal valve and terminal ileum is involved. Herein, we report on one of 4 cases. The procedures, using a bipolar needle knife (B-Knife) to reduce the perforation risk and carbon dioxide instead of conventional air insufflation for patient comfort, achieved curative resections without any complications.

关键词： Ileocecal valve Colorectal neoplasms Lat- erally spreading tumor Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopic submucosal dissection Bipolar current needle knife B-Knife IT-Knife

High relative fat-free mass is important for maintaining serum albumin levels in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第9期11卷 1356-1360页

作者： Kazuhiro Kotoh Makoto Nakamuta Marie Fukushima Chitose Matsuzaki Munechika Enjoji Hironori Sakai hajime Nawata Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Department of Gastroenterology

AIM: In patients with liver cirrhosis, hypoalbuminemia causes edema and ascites, and a reduction in the quality of life. Since musculature is catabolized to supply amino acids for albumin synthesis in malnutritional cirrhotic patients, muscular volume is hypothesized to play an important role in albumin production. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between serum albumin levels and the fat-free mass (FFM) in cirrhotic ***: Fifty-seven patients (26 males and 31 females)with compensated liver cirrhosis were evaluated. Patients with edema or ascites were excluded from the *** volunteers (n = 104; 48 males and 56 females)were also evaluated as controls. FFM was measured using 5-500 kHz multifrequency bioelectric impedance *** minimize the difference in FFM distribution between males and females, we introduced a new marker, relative FFM (rFFM), which represents the ratio of FFM in a patient relative to that in a volunteer of the same height. Following FFM measurement, the serum albumin levels of patients were assayed ***: In patients with active cirrhosis (alanine aminotransaminase [ALT] ＞50 U/L), both albumin (the difference between maximum and minimum levels) and the standard deviation of albumin levels (SD-albumin) during the observation period showed a significant correlation with rFFM. Multiple linear regression analysis using variables such as rFFM, platelet number, and serum cholesterol levels,choline esterase, albumin, bilirubin, and ALT revealed that rFFM and ALT were significant and independent factors that influenced albumin or SD-albumin in cirrhotic ***: Our results indicate that cirrhotic patients with high rFFM showed less of a decrease in albumin levels, and that the muscle volume is one of the most important factors for maintaining serum albumins level in active cirrhosis. Exercise and protein-rich nutrition at the early stage of liver cirrhosis may be advisable for maintaining or increas

关键词： Muscular volume Fat-free mass (FFM) Multifrequency bioelectric impedance analysis Albumin Liver cirrhosis

Prospective controlled study on the effects of polyethylene glycol in capsule endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第15期18卷 1789-1792页

作者： Takafumi Ito Ken Ohata Akiko Ono Hideyuki Chiba Yosuke Tsuji hajime Sato Nobuyuki Matsuhashi Department of Gastroenterology Kanto Medical CenterNTT EastTokyo 1418625Japan Department of Health Policy and Technology Assessment National Institute of Public Health2-3-6 MinamiWako-shi 3293147Japan

AIM:To prospectively confirm whether a small amount of polyethylene glycol(PEG)ingested after swallowing endoscopy capsule improves image quality and completion ***:Forty-four consecutive patients referred to us for capsule endoscopy(CE)were randomized to two *** patients were restricted to clear fluids for 12 h before the *** in group A(22 cases)received no additional preparation,while those in group B(20 cases)ingested 500 mL of PEG within a 2 h period starting 30 min after swallowing the *** fluids and meals were allowed 2 h and 4 h after capsule ingestion,*** quality was assessed as the percentage of visualized bowel surface area as follows:1:90%.The small bowel record was divided into five segments by time,and the score for each segment was *** CE examinations were performed with the Pillcam SB capsule endoscopy sys-tem(Given Imaging ***.,Yoqnem).RESULTS:This study ended in December 2009,because sample size was considered large enough.A total of 44 patients were *** patients in group B were excluded from the analysis because small bowel images could not be obtained from these patients;one had a full stomach,while the other presented with a massive gastric ***,22 patients from group A and 20 patients from group B completed the *** was no significant difference in age(P=0.22),sex(P=0.31),and indication for *** significant adverse events occurred in any of the study *** group A,image quality deteriorated as the capsule progressed ***,in group B,image quality was maintained to the distal small *** each of the five segments,the visibility score was significantly higher in group B than in group A(segment 1:4.3± 0.7vs 4.7±0.5,P=0.03;segment 2:4.2±0.9vs 4.8 ±0.4,P=0.01;segment 3:4.0±1.0 vs 4.6±0.7,P =0.04;segment 4:3.6±1.1 vs 4.5±0.6,P=0.003;segment 5:2.7±1.0vs 4.4±0.8,P=0.00004).Thus,the use of PEG during CE e

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Completion rate Image quality Polyethylene glycol Preparation

Classification of rectal cancer according to recurrence types-comparison of Japanese guidelines and Western guidelines

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第36期10卷 13284-13292页

作者： Hiroshi Miyakita Yutaro Kamei Lin Fung Chan Kazutake Okada hajime Kayano Seiichiro Yamamoto Department of Digestive System Surgery Tokai University School of MedicineIsehara 259-1193KanagawaJapan

BACKGROUND Rectal cancer is characterized by more local recurrence(LR)and lung metastasis than colon ***,the diagnosis of rectal cancer is not standardized as there is no global consensus on its definition and *** classification of rectal cancer differs between Japanese and Western *** To clarify the characteristics of rectal cancer by comparing the tumor location and characteristics of rectal cancer with those of colon cancer according to each set of *** A total of 958 patients with Stage II and III colorectal cancer were included in the analysis:607 with colon cancer and 351 with rectal *** of rectal cancers was assessed by enema examination and rigid *** to Japan guidelines,rectal cancer is classified as Rb(below the peritoneal inversion),Ra(between the inferior margin of second sacral vertebrae and Rb)or RS(between Ra and sacral promontory).RESULTS There were no significant differences between RS rectal cancer and colon cancer in the rates of liver and lung metastasis or *** metastasis and LR were significantly more common among Rb rectal cancer(in Japan)than in colon cancer(P=0.0043 and P=0.0002,respectively).Lung metastases and LR occurred at significantly higher rates in rectal cancer measuring≤12 cm and≤10 cm than in colon cancers(P=0.0117,P=0.0467,P=0.0036,P=0.0010).Finally,the rates of liver metastasis,lung metastasis,and LR in rectal cancers measuring 11 cm to 15 cm were 6.9%,2.8%,and 5.7%,*** were equivalent to the rates in colon *** High rectal cancer may be treated with the same treatment strategies as colon *** was no difference in the classification of colorectal cancer between Japan and Western countries.

关键词： Colon cancer Metastasis Local recurrence Classification of rectal cancer Western guidelines Japanese guideline

Diagnosis and clinical implications of pancreatobiliary reflux

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第43期14卷 6622-6626页

作者： Terumi Kamisawa hajime Anjiki Naoto Egawa Masanao Kurata Goro Honda Kouji Tsuruta Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital3-18-22 HonkomagomeBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8677Japan Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital3-18-22 HonkomagomeBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8677Japan

The sphincter of Oddi is located at the distal end of the pancreatic and bile ducts and regulates the outflow of bile and pancreatic juice. A common channel can be so long that the junction of the pancreatic and bile ducts is located outside of the duodenal wall, as occurs in pancreaticobiliary maljunction （PBM）; in such cases, sphincter action does not functionally affect the junction. As the hydropressure within the pancreatic duct is usually greater than in the bile duct, pancreatic juice frequently refluxes into the biliary duct （pancreatobiliary reflux） in PBM, resulting in carcinogenetic conditions in the biliary tract. Pancreatobiliary reflux can be diagnosed from elevated amylase level in the bile, secretinstimulated dynamic magnetic resonance cholangiop ancreatography, and pancreatography via the minor duodenal papilla. Recently, it has become obvious that pancreatobiliary reflux can occur in individuals without PBM. Pancreatobiliary reflux might be related to biliary carcinogenesis even in some individuals without PBM. Since few systemic studies exist with respect to clinical relevance and implications of the pancreatobiliary reflux in individuals with normal pancreaticobiliary junction, further prospective clinical studies including appropriate management should be performed.

关键词： Pancreatobiliary reflux Pancreaticobiliary maljunction Biliary cancer