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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第6期11卷 1971-1981页

作者： Tong Cheng Zhenfei Tan Haiwang ZHONG IEEE State Key Laboratory of Power Systems the Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Multi-energy integrations provide great opportunities for economic and efficient resource utilization. In the meantime, power system operation requires enough flexible resources to deal with contingencies such as transmission line tripping. Besides economic benefits, this paper focuses on the security benefits that can be provided by multi-energy integrations. This paper first proposes an operation scheme to coordinate multiple energy production and local system consumption considering transmission networks. The integrated flexibility model, constructed by the feasible region of integrated demand response(IDR), is then formulated to aggregate and describe local flexibility. Combined with system security constraints, a multi-energy system operation model is formulated to schedule multiple energy production, transmission, and consumption. The effects of local system flexibility on alleviating power flow violations during N-1 line tripping contingencies are then analyzed through a multi-energy system case. The results show that local system flexibility can not only reduce the system operation costs, but also reduce the probability of power flow congestion or violations by approximately 68.8% during N-1 line tripping contingencies.

关键词： Multi-energy system integrated flexibility feasible region integrated demand response N-1 security

An Efficient Method for Estimating Capability Curve of Virtual Power Plant

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第3期8卷 780-788页

作者： Zhenfei Tan Haiwang ZHONG Xuanyuan Wang Honghai Tang Department of Electrical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Power SystemsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Power exchange center State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co.LtdBeijingChina Beijing Power Exchange Center BeijingChina

To incorporate the operating constraints of a virtual power plant(VPP)in transmission-level operation and market clearing,the concept of the VPP capability curve(VPP-CC)is proposed which explicitly characterizes the allowable range of active and reactive power outputs of a VPP.A two-step projection-based calculation framework is proposed to approximate the VPP-CC by the convex hull of critical points on its perimeter.The output of the proposed algorithm is concise and can be easily incorporated in the existing system operation and market clearing.Case studies based on the IEEE 33 and 123 test feeders show the computational efficiency of the proposed method outperforms existing methods by 4~7 times.Additionally,many fewer inequalities are needed to depict the VPP-CC while achieving the comparative approximation accuracy compared to sampling-based methods,which will relieve the communication and computation burden.

关键词： Aggregation model capability curve optimal power flow projection algorithm virtual power plant

Texas Electric Power Crisis of 2021 Warns of a New Blackout Mechanism

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第1期8卷 1-9页

作者： Guanglun Zhang Haiwang ZHONG Zhenfei Tan Tong Cheng Qing Xia Chongqing Kang State Key Laboratory of Power Systems the Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The Texas electric power crisis that occurred in February 2021 has drawn great attention internationally due to its severity and for not having been foreseen.In this rapid communication,we classify the 2021 Texas electric power crisis as an energy insufficiency-caused power crisis,which alerts of a new blackout mechanism.Different from capacity insufficiencycaused power crises in the past,the Texas electric power crisis of 2021 directly resulted from the long-duration extreme cold weather as well as fundamentally from the insufficiency of sustainable supply capability of energy.We begin this paper with a brief retrospect of the event and its consequences.Definitions of energy/capacity insufficiency-caused power crises are given,as well as an overview of the supply and demand during the event,based on realistic operation data.Quantitative simulations are then conducted to reveal the underlying reasons for the power crisis and reveal how to better prepare for the future.Finally,several insights and suggestions on handling the new mode of blackout in the future are proposed and discussed.

关键词： Blackout capacity insufficiency energy insufficiency power crisis Texas electric power crisis 2021

Soft Open Point Planning in Renewable-dominated Distribution Grids with Building Thermal Storage

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第1期9卷 244-253页

作者： Tiance Zhang Jianxiao Wang Haiwang ZHONG Gengyin Li Ming Zhou Dejie Zhao School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China. Dept.of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

With an increasing integration of intermittent distributed energy resources(DERs),the consequent voltage excursion and thermal overloading issues limit the self-sufficiency of distribution networks(DNs).The concept of soft open point(SOP)has been proposed as a promising solution to improve the hosting capacity of DNs.In this paper,considering the ability of building thermal storage(BTS)to increase the penetration of renewable energy in DNs,we provide an optimal planning framework for SOP and DER.The optimal planning model is aimed at minimizing the investment and operational costs while respecting various constraints,including the self-sufficiency requirement of the DN,SOP,building thermal storage capacity and DER operations,etc.A steady-state SOP model is formulated and linearized to be incorporated into the planning framework.To make full use of the BTS flexibility provided by ubiquitous buildings,a differential equation model for building thermal dynamics is formulated.A hybrid stochastic/robust optimization approach is adopted to depict the uncertainties in renewable energy and market prices.IEEE 33-bus feeder and a realistic DN in the metropolitan area of Caracas are tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and method.Case studies show that SOP/BTS plays a complementary and coordinated coupling role in the thermo-electric system,thereby effectively improving the hosting capacity and self-sufficiency of DNs.

关键词： Building thermal storage distributed generation planning soft open point thermos-electric system

An Efficient Method for Identifying the Inactive Transmission Constraints in a Network-Constrained Unit Commitment

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第6期9卷 2366-2373页

作者： Ziming Ma Haiwang ZHONG Qing Xia Chongqing Kang Qiang Wang Xin Cao the State Key Laboratory of Power Systems and the Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company Shijiazhuang 050000China

Network-constrained unit commitment(NCUC)is one of the most widely used applications in power system and electricity market operations.According to empirical evidence,some of the transmission constraints in a NCUC are inactive.Identifying and eliminating these inactive constraints can improve the efficiency.In this paper,an efficient method is first proposed for identifying the inactive transmission constraints.The physical and economic insights of NCUC are carefully considered and utilized.Both the generating costs and power transfer distribution factor(PTDF)are considered.Not only redundant constraints but also non-binding constraints can be identified via the proposed method.An acceleration method that combines relaxation-based neighborhood search and improved relaxation inducement is proposed for further reducing the computation time.The case study shows that the proposed method can significantly reduce the number of transmission constraints and substantially improve the efficiency of NCUC without impacting the optimality.

关键词： Inactive transmission constraints improved relaxation inducement(IRI) network-constrained unit commitment(NCUC) relaxation-based neighborhood search(RBNS)

Market Equilibrium Based on Cloud-edge Collaboration

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 96-104页

作者： Tong Cheng Haiwang ZHONG Qing Xia the State Key Laboratory of Power Systems the Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Market participants can only bid with lagged information disclosure under the existing market mechanism,which can lead to information asymmetry and irrational market behavior,thus influencing market efficiency.To promote rational bidding behavior of market participants and improve market efficiency,a novel electricity market mechanism based on cloudedge collaboration is proposed in this paper.Critical market information,called residual demand curve,is published to market participants in real-time on the cloud side,while participants on the edge side are allowed to adjust their bids according to the information disclosure prior to closure gate.The proposed mechanism can encourage rational bids in an incentive-compatible way through the process of dynamic equilibrium while protecting participants’privacy.This paper further formulates the mathematical model of market equilibrium to simulate the process of each market participant’s strategic bidding behavior towards equilibrium.A case study based on the IEEE 30-bus system shows the proposed market mechanism can effectively guide bidding behavior of market participants,while condensing exchanged information and protecting privacy of participants.

关键词： Cloud-edge collaboration market mechanism residual demand curve strategic bidding

Review of Learning-assisted Power System Optimization

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第2期7卷 221-231页

作者： Guangchun Ruan Haiwang ZHONG Guanglun Zhang Yiliu He Xuan Wang Tianjiao Pu Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China

With dramatic breakthroughs in recent years,machine learning is showing great potential to upgrade the toolbox for power system optimization.Understanding the strength and limitation of machine learning approaches is crucial to decide when and how to deploy them to boost the optimization performance.This paper pays special attention to the coordination between machine learning approaches and optimization models,and carefully evaluates how such data-driven analysis may improve the rule-based optimization.The typical references are selected and categorized into four groups:the boundary parameter improvement,the optimization option selection,the surrogate model,and the hybrid model.This taxonomy provides a novel perspective to elaborate the latest research progress and development.We further compare the design patterns of different categories,and discuss several key challenges and opportunities as well.Deep integration between machine learning approaches and optimization models is expected to become the most promising technical trend.

关键词： Artificial intelligence data-driven deep learning machine learning neural network smart grid

Implications of COVID-19 for the Electricity Industry: A Comprehensive Review

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2020年第3期6卷 489-495页

作者： Haiwang ZHONG Zhenfei Tan Yiliu He Le Xie Chongqing Kang Department of Electrical Engineering the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation EquipmentInstitute for National Governance and Global GovernanceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843 USA

As COVID-19 sweeps through the whole world,human activities have been changed significantly.Under such circumstances,the electricity sector is deeply affected and faced with great challenges.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the impacts that the pandemic has caused on the electricity sector.Electricity demand has dropped sharply as governments around the world executed lockdown restrictions,while the load composition and daily load profile have also changed.The share of renewable generation has increased against the decline of the total electricity generation.Changed power balance situation and increased uncertainty of demand have posed higher pressure on system operators,along with voltage violation issue and challenges for system maintenance and management.The electricity market is also substantially influenced,while longterm investment in clean energy is expected to be stable.The externality such as emission reduction is also discussed.

关键词： COVID-19 electricity industry energy market pandemic power system

Carbon-neutral pathway to mitigating transport-power grid cross-sector effects

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 27-29页

作者： Jing Ma Huiwen Kong Jianxiao Wang Haiwang ZHONG Bo Li Jie Song Daniel M.Kammen State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking University Ordos Research Institute of Energy Ordos 017000China State Key Laboratory of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Electrical Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Department of Industrial Engineering and Management College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Energy and Resources Group and Goldman School of Public PolicyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Dear Editor,The growing demand for transportation energy has brought increasing challenges to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,many countries or regions have proposed solutions to achieve carbon-neutral transportation such as the rapid expansion of the global electric vehicle(EV)market.However,these benefits are not free.Before the goal of decarbonization in electricity is achieved,the“pseudo net zero emissions”effect of the transportation sector will inevitably be accompanied by a quiet shifting of carbon responsibility.1 This shift is undoubtedly fatal for both net zero emissions at the national level and carbon responsibility at the industry level;however,the corresponding effects have not yet been clarified.

关键词： neutral doubt shifting

Sharing Economy in Local Energy Markets

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第3期11卷 714-726页

作者： Zhaoyuan Wu Jianxiao Wang Haiwang ZHONG Feng Gao Tianjiao Pu Chin-Woo Tan Xiupeng Chen Gengyin Li Huiru Zhao Ming Zhou Qing Xia School of Economics and Management North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Industrial Engineering and Management College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94305USA Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen University of Groningen9742 AG Groningenthe Netherlands

With an increase in the electrification of end-use sectors,various resources on the demand side provide great flexibility potential for system operation,which also leads to problems such as the strong randomness of power consumption behavior,the low utilization rate of flexible resources,and difficulties in cost recovery.With the core idea of“access over ownership”,the concept of the sharing economy has gained substantial popularity in the local energy market in recent years.Thus,we provide an overview of the potential market design for the sharing economy in local energy markets(LEMs)and conduct a detailed review of research related to local energy sharing,enabling technologies,and potential practices.This paper can provide a useful reference and insights for the activation of demand-side flexibility potential.Hopefully,this paper can also provide novel insights into the development and further integration of the sharing economy in LEMs.

关键词： Energy sharing flexibility potential local energy market information and communication technology sharing economy