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Gut microbiota-astrocyte axis: new insights into age-related cognitive decline

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 990-1008页

作者： Lan Zhang Jingge Wei Xilei Liu Dai Li Xiaoqi Pang Fanglian Chen hailong cao Ping Lei Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Department of GeriatricsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Geriatrics Institute Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNational Key Clinical SpecialtyTianjin Institute of Digestive DiseasesTianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesTianjinChina Department of Urology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Neurological Institution Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina

With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.

关键词： age aging Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes cognitive decline dementia gut microbiota gut–brain axis microbial metabolites neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease

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The protective effects of fermented vinegar on acute alcohol-induced hepatic and neuro-toxicity by regulating ethanol metabolism and gut microbiota

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Yuan Meng Yunfan Liu Ting Xia Beibei Geng Yinglei Tian hailong cao Jin Yan Xiaoqi Pang Kai Liang Yufeng Yan Min Wang State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology General Hospital Tianjin Medical University National Key Clinical Specialty Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Vinegar Fermentation Science and Engineering Shanxi Zilin Vinegar Industry Co. Ltd.

Alcohol abuse constitutes a significant health hazard， leading to various organ damage， notably the liver and brain. Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV) is one of the famous fermented and functional foods containing a variety of bioactive ingredients with beneficial effects on the human body. This study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of SAV in alleviating acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) in mice. It was found that SAV at 2.5 mg/kg BW effectively ameliorated the decline in behavioral abilities following alcohol consumption， characterized by a shortened sobering period. SAV reduces alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting hepatic function enzymes and oxidative stress levels. Additionally， SAV mitigated the overactivation of microglia and the downregulation of neurotransmitter levels (AchE， 5-HT， and DA)， thereby reducing ethanol-induced brain damage. Meanwhile， SAV significantly decreased concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood and increased ADH and ALDH activities in the liver， indicating enhancement of ethanol metabolism. Moreover， we found that some gut microbiota including Verrucomicrobiota， Akkermansia， and Enterococcus were downregulated after SAV treatment in mice with AAI. These bacteria showed a negative correlation with anti-oxidative markers (GSH and CAT) and enzymes related to ethanol metabolism pathways (ADH and ALDH)， and a positive correlation with hepatic function markers (ALT， AST， and MDA)， alcohol metabolites (alcohol and acetaldehyde) and neurotransmitters (AchE， 5-HT， and DA). However， Bacteroidota， norank＿f＿Muribaculaceae， and Alistipes exhibited the opposite direction. These findings suggest that SAV possesses protective effects against hepatic and neuro-toxicity， and could be a potential functional food for AAI prevention.

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Review of Electrical and Electronic Architectures for Autonomous Vehicles:Topologies,Networking and Simulators

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Automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 82-101页

作者： Wenwei Wang Kaidi Guo Wanke cao hailong Zhu Jinrui Nan Lei Yu National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles Beijing Institute of Technology(BIT)Beijing 100081China Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute Beijing Institute of Technology(BIT)Shenzhen 518000China State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationBeijing 100876China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing 211111China Beijing Kawen New Energy Vehicle Co. LTDBeijing 102209China

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles,more and more functions and computing requirements have led to the continuous centralization in the topology of electrical and electronic(E/E)architectures.While certain Tier1 suppliers,such as BOSCH,have previously proposed a serial roadmap for E/E architecture development,implemented since 2015 with significant contributions to the automotive industry,lingering misconceptions and queries persist in actual engineering processes.Notably,there are concerns regarding the perspective of zone-oriented E/E architectures,characterized by zonal concentration,as successors to domain-oriented E/E architectures,known for functional concentration.Addressing these misconceptions and queries,this study introduces a novel parallel roadmap for E/E architecture development,concurrently evaluating domain-oriented and zone-oriented schemes.Furthermore,the study explores hybrid E/E architectures,amalgamating features from both paradigms.To align with the evolution of E/E architectures,networking technologies must adapt correspondingly.The networking mechanisms pivotal in E/E architecture design are comprehensively discussed.Additionally,the study delves into modeling and verification tools pertinent to E/E architecture topologies.In conclusion,the paper outlines existing challenges and unresolved queries in this domain.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles Electrical and electronic architectures Topology Networking Domain-oriented Zone-oriented

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Predicting geogenic groundwater fluoride contamination throughout China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 140-148页

作者： hailong cao Xianjun Xie Yanxin Wang Hongxing Liu School of Environmental Studies&State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Endemic fluorosis exists in almost all provinces of China.The long-term ingestion of groundwater containing high concentrations of fluoride is one of the main causes of fluoro-sis.We used artificial neural network to model the relationship between groundwater fluo-ride concentrations from throughout China and environmental variables such as climatic,geological.and soil parameters as proxy predictors.The results show that the accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model in the test dataset are 80.5%and 0.86%,respectively,and climatic variables are the most effective predictors.Based on the artificial neural network model,a nationwide prediction risk map of fluoride concen-trations exceeding 1.5 mg/L with a 0.5×0.5 arc minutes resolution was generated.The high risk areas are mainly located in western provinces of Xinjiang,Tibet,Qinghai,and Sichuan,and the northern provinces of Inner Mongolia,Hebei and Shandong.The total number of people estimated to be potentially at risk of fluorosis due to the use of untreated high flu-oride groundwater as drinking water is about 89 million,or 6%of the population.The high fluoride groundwater risk map helps the authorities to prioritize areas requiring mitigation measures and thus facilitates the implementation of water improvement and defluorida-tion projects.

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater Prediction Artificial neural network China

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Effects of Thirty Days Isolation on Attention Networks: A Behavioral and Event-related Potential Study

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 127-132页

作者： Jingda Feng Bin Wu Ziqing cao hailong Chen Tianjun Lan Haibo Qin Yusheng Shi Weifen Huang Yinghui Li Department of Aerospace Science and Technology Space Engineering UniversityBeijing 101400China China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing 100094China State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing 100094China School of Psychology Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710000China

Kear Editor,Individuals in isolated,confined,and extreme environments,such as astronauts,researchers wintering over Antarctica,submarine soldiers,and participants in simulated isolation environment experiments,commonly report difficulty in focusing their attention[1,2].However,current experimental findings from studies conducted in such environments are insufficient to fully support these self-reports of reduced attention.Certain attention-demanding tasks such as simple reaction time(RT)tasks and dual tasks,including primary pursuit tracking and secondary RT,were not affected in space flight experiments[2,3].

关键词： environments submarine winter

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PVDF/6H-SiC composite fiber films with enhanced piezoelectric performance by interfacial engineering for diversified applications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 238-245页

作者： Linlin Zhou Tao Yang Chunyu Guo Kang Wang Enhui Wang Laipan Zhu hailong Wang Sheng cao Kuo-Chih Chou Xinmei Hou Institute for Carbon Neutrality University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China School of Materials Science Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

Piezoelectric silicon carbide(SiC)has been quite attractive due to its superior chemical and physical properties as well as wide potential applications.However,the inherent brittleness and unsatisfactory piezoelectric response of piezoelectric semiconductors remain the major obstacles to their diversified applications.Here,flexible multifunctional PVDF/6H-SiC composite fiber films are fabricated and utilized to assemble both piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs)and stress/temperature/light sensors.The open cir-cuit voltage(V_(oc))and the density of short circuit current(I_(sc))of the PENG based on the PVDF/5 wt%6H-SiC composite fiber films reach 28.94 V and 0.24μA cm^(-2),showing a significant improvement of 240%and 300%compared with that based on the pure PVDF films.The effect of 6H-SiC nanoparticles(NPs)on inducing interfacial polarization and stress concentration in composite fiber films is proved by first-principles calculation and finite element analysis.The stress/temperature/light sensors based on the composite fiber film also show high sensitivity to the corresponding stimuli.This study shows that the PVDF/6H-SiC composite fiber film is a promising candidate for assembling high-performance energy harvesters and diverse sensors.

关键词： 6H-SiC PVDF Multifunctional composite fiber film Energy harvester Stress/temperature/light sensor

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TBC1D1 is an energy-responsive polarization regulator of macrophages via governing ROS production in obesity

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Qi Wang Ping Rong Wen Zhang Xinyu Yang Liang Chen Ye cao Minjun Liu Weikuan Feng Qian Ouyang Qiaoli Chen hailong Li Hui Liang Fanguo Meng Hongyu Wang Shuai Chen State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Model Animal Research CenterSchool of Medicine Nanjing University MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study Department of Endocrinology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Model Animal Research Center School of Medicine Nanjing University College of Life Science Anhui Medical University Redox Medical Center for Public Health Medical College of Soochow University Department of General Surgery First Affiliated Hospital Nanjing Medical University

Energy status is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species（ROS） in macrophages, which is elevated in obesity. However, it is unclear how ROS production is upregulated in macrophages in response to energy overload for mediating the development of obesity. Here,we show that the Rab-GTPase activating protein（RabGAP） TBC1D1, a substrate of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase（AMPK）,is a critical regulator of macrophage ROS production and consequent adipose inflammation for obesity development. TBC1D1 deletion decreases, whereas an energy overload-mimetic non-phosphorylatable TBC1D1S231Amutation increases, ROS production and M1-like polarization in macrophages. Mechanistically, TBC1D1 and its downstream target Rab8a form an energy-responsive complex with NOX2 for ROS generation. Transplantation of TBC1D1S231Abone marrow aggravates diet-induced obesity whereas treatment with an ultra-stable TtSOD for removal of ROS selectively in macrophages alleviates both TBC1D1S231Amutation-and diet-induced obesity. Our findings therefore have implications for drug discovery to combat obesity.

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Familial cardiac myxoma with multifocal recurrences:a case report and review of the literature

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2011年第5期25卷 368-372页

作者： hailong cao Yanhu Wu Jinfu Zhub Yijiang Chen Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing Jiangsu 210008 China Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210029 China

We report a case of myxoma with multiple recurrences in both the atrium and ventricle in a 26-year-old woman five years after the surgical removal of left atrial myxoma, Her 52-year-old mother had a similar medical history. To our knowledge, this was the first familial case who suffered multifocal cardiac myxoma recurrences without any sign of the myxoma complex. Based on our understanding of the mechanism of recurrence, the approaches to prevent the recurrence, and markers to predict recurrence, we propose that multifocal recurrences, as reported herein, may result from a combination of familial predisposition and multifocal onset. The hi-atrial surgical approach and transesophageal echocardiography are preferred for patients with recurrent cardiac myxomas, especially for those with multiple recurrences and familial myxoma. Immunological and genetic screenings may help to identify family members at risk for developing this disease.

关键词： cardiac myxoma familial multifocal recurrence

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TLR2 was overexpressed independent of IL-6 in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2011年第3期25卷 178-184页

作者： Jian Wang Lei Xue hailong cao Fei Cui Ting Dai Yijiang Chen Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210029 China Department of Pharmacology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210029 China.

Toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2） has recently been shown to be up-regulated in patients with non-valvular atrial fi-brillation （AF）. The present study was aimed to determine whether the pathogenesis and development of AF is associated with the up-regulation of TLR2. Clinical data and right atrial appendage （RAA） specimens were col-lected from 20 patients with persisten AF （PeAF）, 15 patients with paroxysmal AF （PaAF） and 13 patients with no history of AF undergoing valvular replacement. The results showed that gene expression and protein content of TLR2 were increased in both the AF subgroups, compared with the sinus rhythm （SR） group. Between the two AF subgroups, PaAF had a higher TLR2 level than PeAF. However, no difference in interluekin （IL）-6 content was found among the three groups, and no correlation was found between TLR2 and IL-6 in PeAF patients （r = 0.090, P = 0.706）, PaAF patients （r = 0.408, P = 0.131） and AF patients （r = -0.301, P = 0.079）. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TLR2 was distributed in RAAs of AF patients and confirmed the immunoblotting results. In conclusion, we demonstrated that TLR2 was elevated in AF （especially PaAF） patients with valvular heart disease, further implicating inflammation involved in the pathogenesis and development of AF.

关键词： Toll-like receptor 2 atrial fibrillation inflammation valvular heart disease

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生物制剂治疗胃肠道急性移植物抗宿主病的研究进展

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中华内科杂志 2024年第1期63卷 107-112页

作者：吴静怡刘响王斯南姜尔烈王邦茂曹海龙天津医科大学总医院消化科天津市消化疾病研究所天津300052 中国医学科学院血液病医院中国医学科学院血液学研究所天津300020

异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)是多种血液系统疾病的有效治疗手段,但移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)仍是移植后并发症和非复发性死亡的主要原因,其中胃肠道急性GVHD预示着患者的不良结局。急性GVHD患者一线治疗推荐使用全身性糖皮质激素,但仍... 详细信息

异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)是多种血液系统疾病的有效治疗手段,但移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)仍是移植后并发症和非复发性死亡的主要原因,其中胃肠道急性GVHD预示着患者的不良结局。急性GVHD患者一线治疗推荐使用全身性糖皮质激素,但仍有大部分患者对激素无应答。鉴于生物制剂在炎症性肠病等疾病中的显著疗效,其作为难治性急性GVHD的二线治疗也备受关注。本文就生物制剂在胃肠道急性GVHD的疗效及安全性等方面进行阐述,旨在为合理应用提供参考。

关键词：造血干细胞移植移植物抗宿主病胃肠道生物制剂治疗效果

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