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External Factors Influencing the Motion of Tectonic Plates

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2024年第3期13卷 150-169页

作者： Marilia hagen Anibal Azevedo Instituto de Fsica Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculdade de Cincias Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brazil

The investigation aims to understand how external forces influence tectonic plate movement, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Our emphasis was on calculating perigee forces at various moon-Earth distances. Our initial concern is the fluctuating perigee distance between the Moon and Earth. Later, we will cover Earth’s mass fluctuations caused by crustal inhomogeneity. Gravitational force depends on distance and Earth’s mass variations. Wobbling’s Earth and translation around Sun are additional factors. Tidal variations from the Moon trigger subduction zone earthquakes. Volcanoes in the Ring of Fire are influenced by plate movement on fractures and faults.

关键词： Sun Moon-Earth Forces Tectonic Plate Motion Seismic Activity Volcanoes

Investigation of Potential Factors on South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2024年第1期13卷 1-26页

作者： Marilia hagen Anibal Azevedo Instituto de Física Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculdade de Ciencias Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brazil

The first part of this investigation analyzes the deep earthquake occurrences in Nazca subducting under South America. The depth taken is to get information about possible influences from the unknown materials and formations under the crust. The results revealed the presence of malleable material, which is unbreakable and, therefore, unable to trigger earthquakes. The structure of those elements is diamagnetic, attracting ionized particles from the Van Allen belt region in the ionosphere. The charged particles travel towards Earth’s surface, enhanced during the geomagnetic storms. The South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) found that the deformation suffered by the anomaly moving from South Africa to South America is, possibly due to a bulge of unknown flexible material buried underneath the oceanic and continental crust. The continental part is strengthening in weakness because the background also has a high amount of diamagnetic material in this region, and it would not happen over the Atlantic Ocean, where part of the deformation is placed.

关键词： Ultra-Deep Earthquakes (UDQ) Diamagnetism South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA)

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Variations and Climate Changes Worldwide

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 233-249页

作者： Marilia hagen Anibal Azevedo (Retired) Instituto de Fí sica Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculdade de Ciê ncias Aplicadas da Unicamp Limeira Brazil

This investigation aims to study the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in these three phases: El Niño, La Niña, and neutral. Warm and cold events relate to the Spring/Summer seasons. This paper will search for connections between the ENSO events and climate anomalies worldwide. There is some speculation that those events would be necessary for the climate anomalies observed worldwide. After analyzing the data from the reports to the ENSO, it shows almost periodicity from 1950-2023. We emphasized the occurrence of El Niño two years, when it was most prominent, and the climate anomalies (following NOAA maps), 2015 and 2023. The results indicated that the observed climate anomalies couldn’t be linked to the abnormal events observed. The worldwide temperatures in those years enhanced mostly in 2023. It shows an abnormal behavior compared with all the years scrutinized and analyzed since the records began. Therefore, there must be unknown factors beyond ENSO that rule the worldwide temperatures and the climate anomalies observed.

关键词： ENSO Southern Oscillation El Niño Climate Anomalies

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Variations and Climate Changes Worldwide

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Molecular diagnostic approaches for enteric parasites: an issue of relevance for deployed soldiers?

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences（大气和气候科学） 2024年第2期 233页

作者： Marilia hagen Anibal Azevedo

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Military Medical Research 2023年第3期10卷 415-417页

作者： hagen Frickmann Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg22529 HamburgGermany Institute for Microbiology Virology and HygieneUniversity Medicine Rostock18057 RostockGermany

Dear Editor,Recently, Lindrose et al.[1] have conducted a retrospective assessment over 6 years on enteric helminth infections in United States(US)soldiers and their relatives to provide epidemiological insights into ... 详细信息

关键词： enteric neglected

Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,cecal mucosal cytokines and serum antioxidant responses of broiler chickens to dietary enzymatically treated yeast and coccidia challenge

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1438-1450页

作者： Emmanuel Oluwabukunmi Alagbe hagen Schulze Olayiwola Adeola Department of Animal Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Livalta PeterboroughCambridgeshire PE26FLUK

Background There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry *** study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast(ETY) on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,antioxidative status,and cecal mucosa cytokines of coccidia-challenged broiler *** From d 1 to 14 post hatching,480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of ETY(0,1,or 2 g/kg).The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with body weight(BW) used as a blocking *** d 14 post hatching,the birds were re-randomized within each of the 3 experimental *** of the 3 diet groups was split into a challenge or no-challenge *** resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of *** coccidia challenge was administered on d 15 by an oral *** Dietary ETY improved(P ke of broiler chickens and reduced(P kens on d *** ETY linearly increased(P kens on d *** Dietary ETY enha

关键词： Broiler chickens Coccidia Goblet cells Growth performance Health Oocyst Peptides Postbiotics Yeast

Micro-site Conditions of Epiphytic Orchids in a Human Impact Gradient in kathmandu Valley, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第3期9卷 331-342页

作者： Yagya Prasad ADHIkARI Anton FISCHER hagen Siegfried FISCHER Geobotany Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Technische Universitt München Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2 D-85354 Freising Germany

We studied distribution and site conditions of epiphytic orchids in a gradient of human interference in kathmandu valley, central Nepal. The aim was to understand the recent distribution pattern of epiphytic orchids, with respect to (i) the micro-site conditions and (ii) the type and intensity of land use. The occurrence of epiphytic orchids was recorded for a grid with 1.5 km cell size. The cells represent different types and intensities of human impact. Site factors such as bark rugosity, bark pH, diameter at breast height (dbh; 1.3 m) of host trees, exposure to wind and sunlight intensity were recorded. With regard to the species richness and abundance of epiphytic orchids, we compared different human impact categories from very strong human impact (settlement area) to very low human impact (national park). Remote sensing was used for a supervised classification of land cover. Ficus religiosa turned out to be the most important host species for orchids in urban areas, while Schima wallichii and Alnus nepalensis significantly host orchids in the other categories. Both species richness and abundance of epiphytic orchids were significantly higher under very low human impact (forest in national park) and also some remaining patches of primary forest than the other regions. Micro-climate is crucial for orchid populations. Host bark pH, bark rugosity, sunlight intensity and host exposure were significantly different for all human impact categories in order to harbour epiphytic orchid species. Habitats with a mixture of mature trees are suitable and essential for the conservation of viable populations of epiphytic orchids in settled areas. The study reveals that to improve the population size of orchids it is essential for future urban forestry to: (i) Protect old trees as carriers of existing epiphytic orchid diversity, (ii) protect medium old trees to ensure that they may become old trees, (iii) plant new host trees for the future, (iv) plant in groups instead of sing

关键词： Human impact Host tree Micro-climate Epiphytic orchids Remote sensing Conservation Nepal

Epiphytic orchids and their ecological niche under anthropogenic influence in central Himalayas,Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第5期13卷 774-784页

作者： ADHIkARI Yagya Prasad FISCHER Anton FISCHER hagen Siegfried Geobotany Department of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnische Universit?t München

The survival chance of epiphytie orchids today not only depends on the natural site conditions required by the orchids but also on anthropogenic changes in site conditions. This study answers two questions：（1） What is the ecological niche of the different epiphytic orchid species？（2） What are the ecological factors that threaten epiphytic orchid＇s population under anthropogenic disturbances？ Our study area was the kathmandu valley, Nepal, with its subtropical forest. We established 156 systematically selected sampling points in the kathmandu area covering different types of ecosystems under human impacts such as densely populated area, agricultural land, mixed agricultural and settled area, old tree patches, and a natural forest in a national park. The ecological niche of the orchid species was analyzed with a principal component analysis （PCA）. The correlations between the different site factors were statistically significant. Spearman＇s rank correlation matrices showed that the variables land-use intensities with altitude, and height with diameter in breast height （dbh） of host had the highest significant positive correlation coefficient （0.67 and 0.64 respectively）. On the other hand, host bark pH and altitude as well as land use had a significantly strong negative correlation coefficient （-0.80 and -0.61, respectively）. Different epiphytic orchid species interact differently with the given set of environmental factors： for occurrence of Vanda cristata there is no single environmental factor of special influence, while for Rhynehostylis retusa high bark pH and high light availability are important. First two axis of the PCA explained more than 50% of the total variance. Most orchid species occupy a specific, narrow niche in this ecological space. The main causes of anthropogenie influence of orchid population in the kathmandu Valley are loss of adequate host trees （species and size） and increasing air pollution, resulting in increasing host bark pH.

关键词： Host characteristics Epiphytic orchids Anthropogenic disturbances Canopy ecosystem Ecological niche Himalayas

Acute complications of spinal cord injuries

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第1期6卷 17-23页

作者： Ellen Merete hagen Spinal Cord Injury Centre of Western Denmark Department of NeurologyRegional Hospital of Viborg Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Institute of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of acute complications of spinal cord injury(SCI). Along with motor and sensory deficits, instabilities of the cardiovascular, thermoregulatory and broncho-pulmonary system are common after a SCI. Disturbances of the urinary and gastrointestinal systems are typical as well as sexual dysfunction. Frequent complications of cervical and high thoracic SCI are neurogenic shock, bradyarrhythmias, hypotension, ectopic beats, abnormal temperaturecontrol and disturbance of sweating, vasodilatation and autonomic dysreflexia. Autonomic dysreflexia is an abrupt, uncontrolled sympathetic response, elicited by stimuli below the level of injury. The symptoms may be mild like skin rash or slight headache, but can cause severe hypertension, cerebral haemorrhage and death. All personnel caring for the patient should be able to recognize the symptoms and be able to intervene promptly. Disturbance of respiratory function are frequent in tetraplegia and a primary cause of both short and long-term morbidity and mortality is pulmonary complications. Due to physical inactivity and altered haemostasis, patients with SCI have a higher risk of venous thromboembolism and pressure ulcers. Spasticity and pain are frequent complications which need to be addressed. The psychological stress associated with SCI may lead to anxiety and depression. knowledge of possible complications during the acute phase is important because they may be life threatening and/ or may lead to prolonged rehabilitation.

关键词： Spinal cord injuries Autonomic dysreflexia Cardiovascular disease Orthostatic hypotension Bradycardia Thromboembolism Respiratory insufficiency