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Effect of Combined Microwave-Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Anaerobic Biodegradability of Primary, Excess Activated and Mixed Sludge

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2013年第3期2卷 7-11页

作者： Anteneh Mesfin Yeneneh Tushar Kanti Sen Siewhui Chong ha ming ang Ahmet Kayaalp Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth 6845 Australia Water Corporation of Western Australia West Leederville 6007 Australia

This work deals with the effect of combined microwave-ultrasonic pretreatment on the anaerobic biodegradability of primary, excess activated and mixed sludge. The characteristics, biodegradability and anaerobic digester performance for untreated primary, excess activated and mixed sludge were compared to combined microwave-ultrasonic pretreated primary, excess activated and mixed sludge. All sludge samples were subjected to Microwave treatment at 2450 MHz, 800 W and 3 min followed by ultrasonic treatment at a density of 0.4 W/mL, amplitude of 90%, Intensity of 150 W, pulse of 55/5 for 6min. Methane production in pretreated primary sludge was significantly greater (11.9 ml/g TCOD) than the methane yield of the untreated primary sludge (7.9 ml/g TCOD). Cumulative methane production of pretreated Excess Activated Sludge (EAS) was higher (66.5 ml/g TCOD) than the methane yield from pretreated mixed sludge (44.1 ml/g TCOD). Furthermore, digested EAS showed significantly higher dewaterability (201 s) than digested primary sludge (305 s) or mixed sludge (522 s). The average Methane: Carbondioxide ratio from EAS (1.85) was higher than that for mixed untreated sludge (1.24). VS reduction was also higher for EAS than the other two sludge types. However, pretreatment of EAS resulted in significant reduction in dewaterability due to higher percentage of fine floc particles in the pretreated EAS.

关键词： Biodegradability Combined Microwave-Ultrasonic Dewaterability Primary Excess Activated Sludge Mixed Sludge

An overview of graphene-based hydroxyapatite composites for orthopedic applications

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Bioactive Materials 2018年第1期3卷 1-18页

作者： ming Li Pan Xiong Feng Yan Sijie Li Changhong Ren Zhichen Yin ang Li Huafang Li Xunming Ji Yufeng Zheng Yan Cheng China-America Institute of Neuroscience Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Department of Neurosurgery Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory Department of Orthopaedics&TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative Region

Hydroxyapatite(ha)is an attractive bioceramic for hard tissue repair and regeneration due to its physicochemical similarities to natural ***,its low fracture toughness,poor tensile strength and weak wear resistance become major obstacles for potential clinical *** promising method to tackle with these problems is exploiting graphene and its derivatives(graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide)as nanoscale reinforcement fillers to fabricate graphene-based hydroxyapatite composites in the form of powders,coatings and *** last few years witnessed increasing numbers of studies on the preparation,mechanical and biological evaluations of these novel ***,various preparation techniques,mechanical behaviors and toughen mechanism,the in vitro/in vivo biocompatible analysis,antibacterial properties of the graphene-based ha composites are presented in this review.

关键词： Graphene Hydroxyapatite Composites Bone tissue Biomedical devices

Significance of age and comorbidity as prognostic indicators for patients with bladder cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第5期12卷 766-774页

作者： Moon Soo ha In Ho Chang Department of Urology College of Medicine Chung-Ang University Seou1140-75 7 Korea

The aim of this study was to determine the impact that age and comorbidity status have on both overall and bladder cancer-specific survival of bladder cancer patients. We obtained medical information pertaining to a population of 528 patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer from Chung-ang University Hospital cancer registry. The Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 （ACE-27） test, which has been previously validated in adult cancer patients, was used to assess comorbidity. We evaluated differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of included patients, as well as differences in the treatments they received after categorizing them by age. The median age at the time of bladder cancer diagnosis of the entire cohort was 63 years, and the median follow-up time was 97 months. Of the 528 patients who were included in our study, 303 had at least one comorbid condition and 249 died during the follow-up period. When patients were stratified by age, we found that older patients had a higher proportion of severe comorbidities （P 〈 0.01） than younger patients, and that a lower proportion of them underwent radical cystec- tomy for invasive bladder cancer （IBC）（P 〈 0.01）. By multivariate analysis, we found that older age was predictive of lower overall survival （OS） and bladder cancer-specific survival （BCSS） rates among patients with superficial bladder cancer （SBC） and of lower OS rates among patients with IBC. We also found that moderate-severe comorbidity status and treatment through a bladder-conserving approach were predictive of lower OS and cancer-specific survival rates among patients with IBC. The disparity between overall deaths and bladder cancer deaths was shown in SBC and increased along with age and higher comorbidity. Age and comorbidity were found to be independent predictive factors of OS and BCSS among bladder cancer patients, and explained the disparity that we observed between overall bladder cancer-specific mortality rates.

关键词： age comorbidity neoplasm prognostic indicator urinary bladder

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions in rice-crab culture systems of northeast China

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2019年第4期4卷 134-141页

作者： ang Wang Xuzhou Ma Jing Xu Weiqun Lu National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education Shanghai Ocean University999 Huchenghuan RoadShanghai201306China Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of EducationShanghai Ocean University999 Huchenghuan RoadShanghai201306China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of AgricultureShanghai Ocean University999 Huchenghuan RoadShanghai201306China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture Shanghai Ocean University999 Huchenghuan RoadShanghai201306China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding Shanghai Ocean University999 Huchenghuan RoadShanghai201306China Panshan County Meteorological Bureau Hongqi RoadLiaoning124000China

Rice-crab integrated ecosystem has been confirmed to improve the ecological environment and brought greater economic *** order to know greenhouse gases methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions in ricecrab system,they were quantified from a flooding rice field in northeast China,as affected by integrated ricecrab *** treatments with three replications each were given:(1)RC1-rice with crab(megalopa),(2)RC2-rice with crab(juvenile),(3)RM-rice *** CH_(4) and N_(2)O fluxes were measured by closed chamber *** with RM treatment,RC1 and RC2 treatments greatly enhanced the cumulative seasonal CH_(4) emissions(by 36.8%and 29.2%,respectively),and reduced the cumulative seasonal N_(2)O emissions(by 28.2%and 19.7%,respectively).Across treatments,CH_(4) represented over 97%of total global warming potential(GWP)and as a result,RC1 and RC2 treatments significantly increased the GWP than RM *** the GWP was highest in RC1 treatment,it provided highest rice yield(8780 kg/ha)and net ecosystem economic budget(NEEB,23,159 Yuan/ha)over RM(7668 kg/ha,15,130 Yuan/ha)and RC2(8042 kg/ha,18,713 Yuan/ha)*** summarize,cultivation of megalopa in rice field is a better strategy to optimize the economic and environmental benefits in northeast China.

关键词： Rice-crab integrated ecosystem Methane Nitrous oxide Rice yield Global warming potentials Net ecosystem economic budget

Surface properties of Al-doped ZnO thin film before and after CF_4/Ar plasma etching

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第7期24卷 194-200页

作者： Young-Hee JOO Gwan-ha KIM Doo-Seung UM Chang-Il KIM School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea Department of Semiconductor Materials and Applications Korea PolytechnicSeongnam 13122Republic of Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea

Al-doped ZnO(AZO) is considered as an alternative to transparent conductive oxide *** and achieving a stable surface are important challenges in the development and optimization of dry etching processes, which must be overcome for the application of AZO in various devices. Therefore, in this study, the etch rate and surface properties of an AZO thin film after plasma etching using the adaptive coupled plasma system were investigated. The fastest etch rate was achieved with a CF_(4)/Ar ratio of 50:50 sccm. Regardless of the ratio of CF_(4) to Ar,the transmittance of the film in the visible region exceeded 80%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the AZO thin film confirmed that metal-F bonding persists on the surface after plasma etching. It was also shown that F eliminates O vacancies. Consequently, the work function and bandgap energy increased as the ratio of CF-4 increased. This study not only provides information on the effect of plasma on AZO thin film, but identifies the cause of changes in the device characteristics during device fabrication.

关键词： Al-doped ZnO plasma etching F-based plasma surface characteristics X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy

走向符号实践:论幼儿园教育环境的意义创设逻辑

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浙江师范大学学报（社会科学版） 2017年第6期42卷 31-37页

作者：黄豪杨晓萍西南大学教育学部重庆400715

现实中幼儿园教育环境创设的异态现象突出,是一种符号僭越主体的实践活动:儿童被客体化和工具化对待;幼儿园教育环境演变为一种意义缺失的符号;创设实践漠视儿童本体观,与儿童人为分离。但环境创设不是摆设,把幼儿园教育环境的创设当作... 详细信息

现实中幼儿园教育环境创设的异态现象突出,是一种符号僭越主体的实践活动:儿童被客体化和工具化对待;幼儿园教育环境演变为一种意义缺失的符号;创设实践漠视儿童本体观,与儿童人为分离。但环境创设不是摆设,把幼儿园教育环境的创设当作是一种符号化活动,就是要与儿童生活世界意义联结。基于人生命的三维现象视角,幼儿园教育环境是要以一种直面儿童是自然的存在、精神的存在和社会的存在的儿童本体观,以此实现走向符号实践的幼儿园教育环境创设的应有之义和实践逻辑向度,即保留儿童自然性、尊重儿童精神需要、直面儿童社会化。

关键词：儿童三维生命幼儿园教育环境符号实践

Enhanced intestinal lymphatic absorption of saquinavir through supersaturated self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020年第3期15卷 336-346页

作者： Kanghee Jo Hyeongmin Kim Prakash Khadka Taejun Jang Soo Jin Kim Seong-ha Hwang Jaehwi Lee College of Pharmacy Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea

The therapeutic potential of saquinavir, a specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 and HIV-2 protease enzymes, has been largely limited because of a low solubility and consequnt low bioavailability. Thus, we aimed to design a supersaturated selfmicroemulsifying drug delivery system(S-SMEDDS) that can maintain a high concentration of saquinavir in gastro-intestinal fluid thorugh inhibiting the drug precipitation to enhance the lymphatic transport of saquinavir and to increase the bioavailability of saquinavir considerably. Solubilizing capacity of different oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants for saquinavir was evaluated to select optimal ingredients for preparation of *** the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagram, SMEDDS formulations were established. A polymer as a precipitation inhibitor was selected based on its viscosity and drug precipitation inhibiting capacity. The S-SMEDDS and SMEDDS designed were administered at an equal dose to rats. At predetermined time points, levels of saquinavir in lymph collected from the rats were assessed. SMEDDS prepared presented a proper selfmicroemulsification efficiency and dispersion stability. The S-SMEDDS fabricated using the SMEDDS and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 2910 as a precipitation inhibitor exhibited a signficantly enhanced solubilizing capacity for saquinavir. The drug concentration in a simulated intestinal fluid evaluated with the S-SMEDDS was also maintained at higher levels for prolonged time than that examined with the SMEDDS. The S-SMEDDS showed a considerably enhanced lymphatic absoprtion of saquinavir in rats compared to the ***, the S-SMEDDS would be usefully exploited to enhance the lymphatic absorption of hydrophobic drugs that need to be targeted to the lymphatic system.

关键词： Lymphatic drug delivery Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system Saquinavir Precipitation inhibitor Supersaturation Lipid-based formulation

Mitochondria-targeting self-assembled nanoparticles derived from triphenylphosphonium-conjugated cyanostilbene enable site-specific imaging and anticancer drug delivery

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Nano Research 2018年第2期11卷 1082-1098页

作者： Ka Young Kim hanyong Jin Jaehyeon Park Sung Ho Jung Ji ha Lee Hyesong Park Sung Kuk Kim Jeehyeon Bae Jong Hwa Jung Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences Gyeongsang National University Jinju Republic of Korea School of Pharmacy Chung-ang University Seoul Republic of Korea

Subcellular organelle-specific nanoparticles for simultaneous tumor targeting, imaging, and drug delivery are of enormous interest in cancer therapy. Herein, we report a selective mitochondria-targeting probe 1, which was synthesized by incorporating a triphenyl phosphine with a cyanostilbene and a long alkyl chain moiety. Probe 1 was found to display fluorescence via aggregation-induced emission （AIE）. The low molecular-weight cyanostilbene-based probe 1, with and without an anticancer drug, formed a narrow homogeneous nanorod with ca. 110 nm of length or nanopartides with ca. 20 nm diameter in aqueous media. The self-assembled cyanostilbene nanoparticles （N1） selectively accumulated in the mitochondria of cancer cells and emitted fluorescence. N1 was also able to deliver an anticancer drug, doxorubicin （DOX）, to the mitochondria with high efficiency. More importantl~ N1 exhibited highly selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells over normal cells. The great potential applications of this self-assembled nanoparticle to biological systems result from its ability to aggregate in the mitochondria. This aggregation led to a significant increase in the generation of intraceUular reactive oxygen species and to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells. Furthermore, tumor tissue uptake experiments in mice proposed that the self-assembled N1 had the ability to internalize and deliver the anticancer drug into tumor tissues effectively. Moreover, both N1 and Nl-encapsulated doxorubicin （N1-DOX） effectively suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft model in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that applications of N1 as a mitochondrial targeting probe, drug delivery platform, and chemotherapeutic agent provide a unique strategy for potential image-guided therapy as well as a site-specific delivery system to cancer cells.

关键词： aggregation-inducedemission,chemotherap3 drug deliver3 mitochondria-targeting,fluorescence imaging

Choroidal and skin metastases from colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第43期22卷 9650-9653页

作者： Joo Young ha Edward Hynseung Oh Moon Ki Jung Song Ee Park Ji Tak Kim In Gyu Hwang Department of Internal Medicine Chung-Ang University College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hemato-oncology Chung-Ang University College of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Chung-Ang University College of Medicine

Choroidal and skin metastasis of colon cancer is rare. In women, the frequency of cutaneous metastasis from colon cancer as the primary lesion in is 9% and skin metastasis occurs in 0.81% of all colorectal cancers. We report a patient with colonic adenocarcinoma who presented with visual disorder in her right eye and scalp pain as her initial symptoms. Contrast-enhance orbital magnetic resonance imaging with fat suppression revealed an infrabulbar mass, and skin biopsy of the posterior parietal scalp confirmed adenocarcinoma. These symptoms were diagnosed as being caused by choroidal and skin metastases of colonic adenocarcinoma. We started palliative chemotherapy with oral capecitabine(1000 mg/m2, twice a day, on days 1-14) every 3 wk, which was effective at shrinking the brain masses and improving the visual disorder. This is the first report that capecitabine is effective at reducing a choroidal and cutaneous metastatic lesion from rightsided colorectal cancer.

关键词： Colon cancer Choroid cancer Skin cancer Capecitabine