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Effect of heavy metals on soil microbial activity and diversity in a reclaimed mining wasteland of red soil area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第5期17卷 832-837页

作者： LIAO Min CHEN Cheng-li huang chang-yong College of Environmental and Resources Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

The microbial biomass, basal respiration and substrate utilization pattern in copper mining wasteland of red soil area, southern China, were investigated. The results indicated that soil microflora were obviously different compared with that of the non-mine soil. Microbial biomass and basal respiration were negatively affected by the elevated heavy metal levels. Two important microbial ecophysiological parameters, namely, the ratio of microbial biomass C（ Cmic ）/organic C（ Corg ） and metabolic quotient（qCO2 ） were closely correlated to heavy metal stress. There was a significant decrease in the Cmic/Corg ratio and an increase in the metabolic quotient with increasing metal concentration. Multivariate analysis of Biolog data for sole carbon source utilization pattern demonstrated that heavy metal pollution had a significant impact on microbial community structure and functional diversity. All the results showed that soil microbiological parameters had great potential to become the early sensitive, effective and liable indicators of the stresses or perturbations in soils of mining ecosystems.

关键词： reclaimed mining wasteland soil microorganism soil microbial diversity

Competitive adsorption and mobility sequence of heavy metals in urban soils of southeastern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 329-333页

作者： ZHANG Ming-kui FANG Li-ping huang chang-yong Department of Natural Resource Sciences College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Heavy metals can be introduced into urban soils at the same time. Therefore, their selective retention and competitive adsorption by the soils become of major importance in determining their availability and movement throughout the soil. In this study, the availability and mobility of six heavy metals in eight urban soils collected from different cities of Zhejiang Province, southeastern China were assessed using distribution coefficients（Kd） and retardation factor（Rf）. The results showed that there were great differences in the Kd and Rfamong the tested soils. The adsorption sequences were Cr〉Pb〉Cu〉Cd〉Zn〉Ni, and the Kd decreased with increasing levels of metal addition. Ni generally has the lowest Rf values followed closely by Cd, and Zn whereas Cr and Pb reached the highest values. The results suggest that Ni and Zn have the highest mobility associated to the lowest adsorption, Cr and Pb present the opposite behavior. Correlation analysis indicates that soil pH, CaCO3 content, and cation exchange capacity （CEC） are key factors controlling the solubility and mobility of the metals in the urban soils.

关键词： competitive adsorption mobility sequence heavy metal urban soil

Combined effects of two sulfonylurea herbicides on soil microbial biomass and N-mineralization

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第3期13卷 311-317页

作者： A.M.EL-Ghamry huang chang-yong XU Jian-ming College of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China

The interaction effect of two sulfonylurea herbicides, bensulfuron methyl (B) and metsulfuron methyl(M), were tested on microbial biomass C, N, N mineralization and C/N ratio in a loamy sand soil. The herbicides were applied at various levels of: control (B0M0), 0.01 and 0.01 (B1M1), 0.01 and 0.1 (B1M2), and 0.01 and 1.0 (B1M3) μg/g soil. Determinations of soil microbial biomass C, N and N mineralization contents were carried out at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 25 and 45 days after herbicides application. The results showed that the soil microbial biomass C (C mic ) and microbial biomass N (N mic ) decreased consistently with the increasing rates of herbicides. The results further indicated that B1M1 and B1M2 caused a significant reduction in C mic and N mic within first 10 and 7 days of incubation, respectively, as compared with the control. These reductions in C mic and N mic were also significant ( P =0.05) with B1M3 application especially within first 15 days of incubation. A significant reduction in N mineralization (N min) was observed with high doses (B1M2, B1M3) of herbicides within first 5 days of incubation, while low rate (B1M1) failed to produce any significant effect. An increase in the soil microbial biomass C:N ratio was also noted.

关键词： bensulfuron methyl metsulfuron methyl C mic N mic N mineralization loamy sand soil

Soil Microbial Community Structure in Diverse Land Use Systems:A Comparative Study Using Biolog,DGGE,and PLFA Analyses

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 653-663页

作者： XUE Dong YAO Huai-Ying GE De-yong huang chang-yong Key Laboratory of Polluted Environment Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of Education College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Huajiachi Campus Hangzhou 310029 （China）. Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 （China）

Biolog, 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, and phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） analyses were used to assess soil microbial community characteristics in a chronosequence of tea garden systems （8-, 50-, and 90- year-old tea gardens）, an adjacent wasteland, and a 90-year-old forest. Biolog analysis showed that the average well color development （AWCD） of all carbon sources and the functional diversity based on the Shannon index decreased （P 〈 0.05） in the following order： wasteland 〉 forest 〉 tea garden. For the DCCE analysis, the genetic diversity based on the Shannon index was significantly lower in the tea garden soils than in the wasteland. However, compared to the 90-year-old forest, the tea garden soils showed significantly higher genetic diversity. PLFA analysis showed that the ratio of Gram positive bacteria to Cram negative bacteria was significantly higher in the tea garden soils than in the wasteland, and the highest value was found in the 90-year-old forest. Both the fungal PLFA and the ratio of fungi to bacteria were significantly higher in the three tea garden soils than in the wasteland and forest, indicating that fungal PLFA was significantly affected by land-use change. Based on cluster analysis of the soil microbial community structure, all three analytical methods showed that land-use change had a greater effect on soil microbial community structure than tea garden age.

关键词： Biolog DCCE microbial community structure PLFA tea garden soil

Effect of copper on phospholipid fatty acid composition of microbial communities in two red soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第3期18卷 503-509页

作者： YAO Huai-ying LIU Yue-yan XUE Dong huang chang-yong Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） in both red soils were significantly correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N, which decreased consistently with increasing levels of copper. The relative quantities of the PLFAs 17：0 （10 Me）, i16：0, il 5：0 and 16：1w5c, decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration, while those of cyl7：0, which is an indicator of gram-negative bacteria, increased. The Shannon index calculated from the PLFA data indicated that Cu addition in the red soils decreased the population diversity of soil microbial communities. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that high levels of Cu application had a significant impact on microbial community structure and there is a threshold metal concentration for PLFA composition. Comparatively higher toxic effect on microbial biomass and community structure were found in the red sandy soil than those in the red clayey soil. The differential effect of Cu addition on microbial communities in the two soils may be due to differences in soil texture and cation exchange capacity.

关键词： copper phospholipid fatty acid microbial biomass red soil

Influence of chlorsulfuron herbicide on size of microbial biomass in the soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第2期12卷 13-18页

作者： El-Ghamry, A.M. huang, chang-yong Xu, Jian-Ming College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of chlorsulfuron herbicide on the size of the microbial in loamy sand soil. The herbicide was applied, at four levels that were control, field rate 0\^01 (FR), 0\^1 (10FR) and 1 (100FR) μg/g. Determinations of microbial biomass C content and microbial biomass N content were carried out 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 25 and 45 days after herbicide application. In comparison to untreated soil, the microbial biomass carbon and biomass nitrogen decreased significantly in soil treated with herbicide in levels 10FR and 100FR within the first 10 days incubation. A more considerable increase in the microbial biomass C∶N ratio was observed in the herbicide treated soil than the non treated control. This effect was transitory and only at the higher rates of chlorsulfuron was significant.

关键词： chlorsulfuron microbial biomass C microbial biomass N biomass C/N CLC number: X592 Document code: A

Dynamic response of chlorsulfuron herbicide to nitrogen mineralization and the ratio of microbial biomass nitrogen to nitrogen mineralization in the soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第2期12卷 127-131页

作者： El-Ghamry, A.M. huang, chang-yong Xu, Jian-Ming College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of chlorsulfuron herbicide on nitrogen mineralization and the ratio of microbial biomass nitrogen to nitrogen mineralization (N mic /N min ratio) in loamy sand *** herbicide was applied at four levels that were control, field rate 0\^01 (FR), 10 times of field rate 0\^1(10FR),and 100 times of field rate 1\^0 (100FR) μg/g soil. Determinations of N\|mineralization and microbial biomass\|N content were carried out 1,3,5,7,10,15,25 and 45 days after herbicide application. In comparison to untreated soil, the N\|mineralization decreased significantly in soil treated with herbicide at levels 10FR and 100FR within the first 5 days incubation. A more considerable reduction in the N mic /N min ratio was observed in the herbicide treated soil than the non\|treated *** the different treatment of chlorsulfuron, 100FR displayed the greatest biocidal effect followed by 10FR and FR,showing their relative toxicity in the order of 100FR>100FR>*** results indicated that the side effect of this herbicide on N\|mineralization is probably of little ecological significance.

关键词： chlorsulfuron N\|mineralization N mic /N min ratio loamy sand soil CLC number: X592 Document code: A

Tolerance of Grasses to Heavy Metals and Microbial Functional Diversity in Soils Contaminated with Copper Mine Tailings

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 363-370页

作者： TENG Ying LUO yong-Ming huang chang-yong LONG Jian LI Zhen-Gao P. CHRISTIE Soil and Environment Bioremediation Research Centre Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210008 （China） College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 （China） Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science Queen＇s University Belfast Newforge Lane Beyast BT9 5PX（UK）

Copper （Cu） mine tailings, because of their high content of heavy metals, are usually hostile to plant colonization. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the tolerance of four forage grasses to heavy metals in Cu mine tailings and to examine the variation in the microbial functional diversity of soils from the tailing sites in southern China. All the four grass species survived on Cu mine tailings and Cu mine tailing-soil mixture. However, on pure mine tailings, the growth was minimal, whereas the growth was maximum for the control without mine tailings. The tolerance of grasses to heavy metals followed the sequence： Paspalum notatum 〉 Festuea arundinaeea 〉 Lolium perenne 〉 Cynodon daetylon. The planting of forage grasses enhanced the soil microbial biomass. The Biolog data indicated that the soil microbial metabolic profile values （average well color development, community richness, and Shannon index） of the four forage grasses also followed the sequence： P. notatum 〉 F. arundinaeea 〉 L. perenne 〉 C. daetylon. Thus, P. notatum, under the experimental conditions of this study, may be considered as the preferred plant species for revegetation of Cu mine tailing areas.

关键词： copper mine tailings forage grass heavy metal pollution microbial functional diversity

Quantification of the effects of management factors on maize (Zea mays L.) and cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) residues decomposition rate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2002年第2期14卷 165-172页

作者： JONES Chilima, huang chang yong, WU Ci fang (College of Natural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. College of Natural Resources and Environment Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Efforts to quantify management effects on decomposition rate of added substrates to the soil is important especially where such information is to be used for prediction in mathematical or simulation models. Using data from a short term (60 days) greenhouse simulation study, a procedure for quantifying effects of management on SOM and substrate decomposition is presented. Using microbial growth rate u (q), microbial efficiency in substrate utilization e (q), specific decomposition rates for added plant residues to two contrasting soils, red earth (Ferrasol) and black earth (Acrisol) were estimated. The treatments included straw addition + buried, (T1); straw addition + mineral N (T2); and straw addition + tillage, (T3). Sampling was done every 15 days. Straw decomposition rate was affected by external mineral N sources (Urea 46% N). Addition of an external N source significantly increased decomposition rates. The study could not, however, fully account for the effect of tillage on residues because of the limited effect of the tillage method due to the artificial barrier to mechanical interference supplied by the mesh bags. It is concluded that using few decomposer parameters, decomposition rates and consequently SOM trends in a soil system can be monitored and quantification of the influence of perturbations on decomposition rate of added substrates possible.

关键词： management factors residue decomposition rate maize cotton red soil black soil