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Stability of water yield in watersheds

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 483-496页

作者： Yu YAN zhiyong LIU Xiaohong CHEN Liyan huang Center for Water Resources and Environment School of Civil EngineeringSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519082China

The hydrological system of a watershed is intricately influenced by both underlying characteristics and climate conditions.Understanding the variability in water yield is essential for effective water resources management and water security in the context of changing environments.In this study,we adopted the Budyko framework and leveraged simulations from the CMIP6 model to investigate the compensation effects of climate and underlying characteristics on watershed water yield.Based on Taylor expansion and Budyko framework,we estimated the sensitivity of watershed water yield to climate and underlying characteristics(the first-and second-order partial derivatives).By combining external watershed characteristics(e.g.,water yield ratios and underlying characteristics)with internal sensitivity coefficients,this study further used vine copula and principal component analysis to quantify the stability of watershed water yield.Our findings show:(1)Water-yield changes related to underlying characteristics could be offset by climate-related water-yield changes across all climate zones,maintaining the water yield ratio steady(i.e.,the compensation effects).(2)However,global watersheds will turn more sensitive to underlying characteristics and less sensitive to climate variation in the future.Both climate-and underlying-related sensitivities increase in watersheds with arid climates.(3)The stability of watershed water yield will gradually diminish in the future.From 1901–1950to 2051–2100,the global stability of 280 watersheds drops from 0.054 to 0.021(i.e.,stability index identified by the joint probability).Particularly,the largest change in stability of water yield reaches-0.347±0.18 in arid regions.In semi-arid,semihumid,and humid regions,the changes are-0.039±0.010,-0.028±0.005,and-0.005±0.002,respectively.The findings provide a reference for the future sustainable water resources development under climate change,highlighting the vulnerability of the water resources in arid and semi-arid watersheds.

关键词： Hydrological system stability Compensation effects on water yield Sensitivities Budyko-Fu decomposition framework Global watersheds

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine detection in aquatic products based on the enzyme mimics and fluorescence of cobalt-doped carbon nitride

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 879-884页

作者： Xin Wang Chengyi Hong Zhengzhong Lin zhiyong huang College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine(Hx)detection was established based on the mimic enzyme and fluorescence characteristics of cobalt-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride(Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)).In addition to emitting strong fluorescence,the peroxidase activity of Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)can catalyze the reaction of O-phenylenediamine and H_(2)O_(2)to produce diallyl phthalate which can emit yellow fluorescence at 570 nm.Through the decomposition of Hx by xanthine oxidase,Hx can be indirectly detected by the generating hydrogen peroxide based on the measurement of fluorescent ratio I(F_(570)/F_(370)).The linear range was 1.7-272.2 mg/kg(R^(2)=0.997),and the detection limit was 1.52 mg/kg(3σ/K,n=9).The established method was applied to Hx detection in bass,grass carp,and shrimp,and the data were verified by HPLC.The result shows that the established probe is sensitive,accurate,and reliable,and can be used for Hx detection in aquatic products.

关键词： Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4) Ratiometric fluorescent probe Hypoxanthine Freshness Aquatic products

Hybrid bonding of GaAs and Si wafers at low temperature by Ar plasma activation

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第4期45卷 69-75页

作者： Rui huang zhiyong Wang Kai Wu Hao Xu Qing Wang Yecai Guo School of Electronic and Information Engineering Wuxi UniversityWuxi 214105China Institute of Advanced Technology on Semiconductor Optics&Electronics Institute of Laser EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

High-quality bonding of 4-inch GaAs and Si is achieved using plasma-activated bonding technology.The influence of Ar plasma activation on surface morphology is discussed.When the annealing temperature is 300℃,the bonding strength reaches a maximum of 6.2 MPa.In addition,a thermal stress model for GaAs/Si wafers is established based on finite element analysis to obtain the distribution of equivalent stress and deformation variables at different temperatures.The shape varia-tion of the wafer is directly proportional to the annealing temperature.At an annealing temperature of 400℃,the maximum protrusion of 4 inches GaAs/Si wafers is 3.6 mm.The interface of GaAs/Si wafers is observed to be dense and defect-free using a transmission electron microscope.The characterization of interface elements by X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy indi-cates that the elements at the interface undergo mutual diffusion,which is beneficial for improving the bonding strength of the interface.There is an amorphous transition layer with a thickness of about 5 nm at the bonding interface.The preparation of Si-based GaAs heterojunctions can enrich the types of materials required for the development of integrated circuits,improve the performance of materials and devices,and promote the development of microelectronics technology.

关键词： plasma-activated bonding bonding strength thermal stress model mutual diffusion

Influence of Irregular Coastlines on a Tornadic Mesovortex in the Pearl River Delta during the Monsoon Season. Part Ⅰ:Pre-storm Environment and Storm Evolution

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1115-1131页

作者： Lanqiang BAI Dan YAO zhiyong MENG Yu ZHANG Xianxiang huang Zhaoming LI Xiaoding YU Foshan Tornado Research Center and China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key LaboratoryGuangdong Meteorological Serviceand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Guangdong 528000China Meteorological Observation Centre CMABeijing 100081China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key LaboratorySchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory CMAGuangdong 511430China Foshan Tornado Research Center and China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key LaboratoryCMAGuangdong 528000China China Meteorological Administration Training Center CMABeijing 528000China

The Pearl River Delta(PRD),a tornado hotspot,forms a distinct trumpet-shaped coastline that concaves toward the South China Sea.During the summer monsoon season,low-level southwesterlies over the PRD’s sea surface tend to be turned toward the west coast,constituting a convergent wind field along with the landward-side southwesterlies,which influences regional convective weather.This two-part study explores the roles of this unique land–sea contrast of the trumpet-shaped coastline in the formation of a tornadic mesovortex within monsoonal flows in this region.Part I primarily presents observational analyses of pre-storm environments and storm evolutions.The rotating storm developed in a lowshear environment(not ideal for a supercell)under the interactions of three air masses under the influence of the land–sea contrast,monsoon,and storm cold outflows.This intersection zone(or“triple point”)is typically characterized by local enhancements of ambient vertical vorticity and convergence.Based on a rapid-scan X-band phased-array radar,finger-like echoes were recognized shortly after the gust front intruded on the triple point.Developed over the triple point,they rapidly wrapped up with a well-defined low-level mesovortex.It is thus presumed that the triple point may have played roles in the mesovortex genesis,which will be demonstrated in Part II with multiple sensitivity numerical simulations.The findings also suggest that when storms pass over the boundary intersection zone in the PRD,the expected possibility of a rotating storm occurring is relatively high,even in a low-shear environment.Improved knowledge of such environments provides additional guidance to assess the regional tornado risk.

关键词： tornado mesovortex surface boundary land–sea contrast monsoon

Morphological and Molecular Data Revealed One New Species of the Short-legged Toads Brachytarsophrys Tian and Hu,1983(Anura,Megophryidae)from Yunnan,China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第1期15卷 22-30页

作者： Yanhong HE Renda AI Junkai huang Xianqi LI Xiaolong LIU Junlin LAN Jinmin CHEN zhiyong YUAN Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development(Ministry of Education) School of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224YunnanChina Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004GuangxiChina Wenshan National Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province Wenshan 663099YunnanChina Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000AnhuiChina

A new species of the genus Brachytarsophrys,named Brachytarsophrys wenshanensis sp.nov.,has been identified in southeastern Yunnan,China.This new species can be readily distinguished from other known congeners by both morphological criterion and molecular analysis of three mitochondrial gene segments:16S,COI,and Cytb.This classification is based on the following morphological characters:(1)medium body size(SVL 83.8–85.1 mm in two adult males);(2)enormous head,with head width nearly 1.2 times the length;(3)tongue pyriform,feebly notched;(4)non-meeting heels;(5)male lacking nuptial pad;(6)tibiotarsal articulation reaching angle of mouth when hindlimbs are extended forward alongside the body;(7)absence of outer metatarsal tubercle,inner metatarsal tubercle elliptic and approximately equal to first toe;(8)rudimentary toe webbing,webbing formula:Ⅰ(2–)–(2^(++))Ⅱ(2^(–))–(3^(++))Ⅲ(2^(½))–(4)Ⅳ(4^(+))–(2^(⅔))V;(9)lateral fringes narrow;(10)dermal ridge or glandular fold on dorsum absent;(11)pectoral glands distinct and irregular,femoral gland small.Our work increases the number of species within the genus Brachytarsophrys to 9.

关键词： amphibians molecular phylogeny species diversity taxonomy

Faster structured illumination microscopy using complementary encoding-based compressive imaging

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 740-748页

作者： ZHENGQI huang YUNHUA YAO YILIN HE YU HE CHENGZHI JIN MENGDI GUO DALONG QI LIANZHONG DENG ZHENRONG SUN zhiyong WANG SHIAN ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy School of Physics and Electronic ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Joint Research Center of Light Manipulation Science and Photonic Integrated Chip of East China Normal University and Shandong Normal University East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has been widely applied to investigate intricate biological dynamics due to its outstanding super-resolution imaging speed. Incorporating compressive sensing into SIM brings the possibility to further improve the super-resolution imaging speed. Nevertheless, the recovery of the superresolution information from the compressed measurement remains challenging in experiments. Here, we report structured illumination microscopy with complementary encoding-based compressive imaging (CECI-SIM) to realize faster super-resolution imaging. Compared to the nine measurements to obtain a super-resolution image in a conventional SIM, CECI-SIM can achieve a super-resolution image by three measurements;therefore, a threefold improvement in the imaging speed can be achieved. This faster imaging ability in CECI-SIM is experimentally verified by observing tubulin and actin in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. This work provides a feasible solution for high-speed super-resolution imaging, which would bring significant applications in biomedical research.

关键词： illumination complementary faster

Ultrahigh-brightness 50 MeV electron beam generation from laser wakefield acceleration in a weakly nonlinear regime

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 4-10页

作者： Zhongtao Xiang Changhai Yu zhiyong Qin Xuhui Jiao Jiahui Cheng Qiaoxuan Zhou Gatie Axi Jianghua Jie Ya huang Jintan Cai Jiansheng Liu Department of Physics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

We propose an efficient scheme to produce ultrahigh-brightness tens of MeV electron beams by designing a density-tailored plasma to induce a wakefield in the weakly nonlinear regime with a moderate laser energy of 120 mJ.In this scheme,the second bucket of the wakefield can have a much lower phase velocity at the steep plasma density down-ramp than the first bucket and can be exploited to implement longitudinal electron injection at a lower laser intensity,leading to the generation of bright electron beams with ultralow emittance together with low energy spread.Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are carried out and demonstrate that high-quality electron beams with a peak energy of 50 MeV,ultralow emittance of28 nm rad,energy spread of 1%,charge of 4.4 pC,and short duration less than 5 fs can be obtained within a 1-mm-long tailored plasma density,resulting in an ultrahigh six-dimensional brightness B6D,n of2×1017 A/m2/0.1%.By changing the density parameters,tunable bright electron beams with peak energies ranging from 5 to 70 MeV,a small emittance of B0.1 mm mrad,and a low energy spread at a few-percent level can be obtained.These bright MeV-class electron beams have a variety of potential applications,for example,as ultrafast electron probes for diffraction and imaging,in laboratory astrophysics,in coherent radiation source generation,and as injectors for GeV particle accelerators.

关键词： weakly nonlinear acceleration

Cu nanowire array with designed interphases enabling high performance Si anode toward flexible lithium-ion battery

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1516-1524页

作者： Pengfei Su Ziqi Zhang Linshan Luo zhiyong Zhang Chaofei Lan Yahui Li Shaowen Xu Shanpeng Pei Guangyang Lin Cheng Li Xiang Han Wei huang Songyan Chen Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductors and Applications Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient DevicesDepartment of PhysicsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Science and Technology on Analog Integrated Circuit Laboratory Chongqing 400060China Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co. Ltd.Jinan 250013China

To meet the growing demand for wearable smart electronic devices,the development of flexible lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is essential.Silicon is an ideal candidate for the anode material of flexible lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low working potential,and earth abundance.The largest challenge in developing a flexible silicon anode is how to maintain structural integrity and ensure stable electrochemical reactions during external deformation.In this work,we propose a novel design for fabricating core–shell electrodes based on a copper nanowire(CuNW)array core and magnetron sputtered Si/C shell.The nanowire array structure has characteristics of bending under longitudinal stress and twisting under transverse stress,which helps to maintain the mechanical stability of the structure during electrode bending and cycling.The low-temperature annealing generates a small amount of Cu3Si alloy,which enhances the connection strength between Si and the conductive network and solves the poor conductivity problem of Si,which is known as a semiconductor material.This unique configuration design of CuNW@Si@C-400℃ leads to stable long cycle performance of 1109 mAh∙g^(-1) after 1000 cycles and excellent rate performance of 500 mAh∙g^(-1) at a current density of 10 A∙g^(-1).Furthermore,the CuNW@Si@C-400℃||LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full battery demonstrates excellent flexibility,with a capacity retention of more than 96%after 100 bends.This study provides a promising strategy for the development of flexible lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： flexible lithium-ion battery silicon anode magnetron sputtering core–shell electrode Cu nanowire array

Associations of daily sedentary behavior,physical activity,and sleep with irritable bowel syndrome:A prospective analysis of 362,193 participants

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 72-80页

作者： Xu Gao Sifan Tian Ninghao huang Gang Sun Tao huang Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China

Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)substantially affects quality of life and requires early prevention.This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between IBS and daily behaviors,including sedentary behavior(SB),physical activity(PA),and sleep.In particular,it seeks to identify healthy behaviors to reduce IBS risk,which previous studies have rarely addressed.Methods:Daily behaviors were retrieved from self-reported data of 362,193 eligible UK Biobank participants.Incident cases were determined by self-report or health care data according to RomeⅣcriteria.Results:A total of 345,388 participants were IBS-free at baseline,during a median follow-up of 8.45 years,19,885 incident IBS cases were recorded.When examined individually,SB and shorter(≤7 h/day)or longer(>7 h/day)sleep duration were each positively associated with increased IBS risk,and PA was associated with lower IBS risk.The isotemporal substitution model suggested that replacing SB with other activities could provide further protective effects against IBS risk.Among people sleeping≤7 h/day,replacing 1 h of SB with equivalent light PA,vigorous PA,or sleep was associated with 8.1%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.901-0.937),5.8%(95%CI:0.896-0.991),and 9.2%(95%CI:0.885-0.932)reduced IBS risk,respectively.For people sleeping>7 h/day,light and vigorous PA were associated with a 4.8%(95%CI:0.926-0.978)and a 12.0%(95%CI:0.815-0.949)lower IBS risk,respectively.These benefits were mostly independent of genetic risk for IBS.Conclusion:SB and unhealthy sleep duration are risk factors for IBS.A promising way to mitigate IBS risk for individuals sleeping≤7 h/day and for those sleeping>7 h/day appears to be by replacing SB with adequate sleep or vigorous PA,respectively,regardless of the genetic predisposition of IBS.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Isotemporal substitution model Physical activity Sedentary behavior Sleep