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＂New＂ Translations of Japanese Literature： Socio-cultural Impacts on the Japanese Mind

Journalism and Mass Communication 2015年第12期5卷 640-649页

作者： Atsuko hayakawa Tsuda College Tokyo Japan

In terms of translation theory today, the essential discussions of ＂otherness＂, coupled with the agenda of bilateral approaches to its untranslatability, are much more intense than ever. The stereotypical images of Japan as something quite alien yet enchanting in Japanese literature, in The Tale of Genji for instance, are drastically different from those in modem novels, where the experience of conflicts with the West in the course of modernization could not be ignored. Shusaku Endo＇s Silence for example, paradoxically questions the translatability of Christianity in the historical context of the Japanese mind. By reading some translated texts of Japanese literature, we come to be aware of the essential factors of＂otherness＂ inherent in Japanese culture and language which, in some socio-cultural ways, has had an interesting effect on Japanese minds. With the growing interest in ＂world literature,＂＂otherness＂ and ＂untranslatability＂ illuminated in the translations of Japanese literature offer a new perspective with which we can re-think our sense of history of modernization on the one hand; and re-evaluate the uniqueness of Japanese language on the other. The remarkable influence of translators whose mother tongue is not Japanese, but who have an excellent command of the language, enables a new Japanese culture to emerge. This is evident in the works of Arthur Binard, an American poet and translator, who enthusiastically criticizes the Japanese policy of atomic energy in his translations of the Japanese poems after World War II, and in the very inspiring essays on Japanese by Roger Pulvers, an Australian writer and playwright who won prizes for his translations of Kenji Miyazawa. Along with such new trend of translations of Japanese literature, how it affects the Japanese mind will be discussed.

关键词： translation of Japanese literature Orientalism "otherness" modernization world literature translation studies

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Variations in traffic-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Kanazawa, Japan, after the implementation of a new vehicle emission regulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 38-47页

作者： Wanli Xing Lu Yang Hao Zhang Xuan Zhang Yan Wang Pengchu Bai Lulu Zhang Kazuichi hayakawa Seiya Nagao Ning Tang Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan

A three-year sampling campaign was conducted at a roadside air pollution monitoring station in the urban area of Kanazawa, Japan. Due to a new emission regulation, PAHs levels decreased over the sampling campaign, exhibiting values of 706 ± 413 pg/m^(3) in 2017, 559 ±384 pg/m^(3) in 2018, and 473 ± 234 pg/m^(3) in 2019. In each year, similar seasonal variations in PAHs levels were observed, with higher levels observed in winter and lower levels in summer. Among the PAHs isomer ratios, we observed that the ratio of benzo[b]fluoranthene(BbF) and benzo[k]fluoranthene(BkF), [Bb F]/([BbF] + [BkF]), and the ratio of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene(IDP) and benzo[ghi]perylene(BgPe), [IDP]/([BgPe] + [IDP]), showed stability over the sampling campaign and were less affected by the new emission regulation, seasonal variations, and regional characteristics. When using the combined ratio ranges of 0.66-0.80([Bb F]/[BbF] + [BkF]) and 0.26-0.49([IDP]/[Bg Pe] + [IDP]), traffic emissions were clearly distinguished from other PAHs emission sources. Principal component analysis(PCA) and positive matrix factorization(PMF) were also performed to further analyse the characteristics of traffic-related PAHs. Overall, this study affirmed the effectiveness of the new emission regulation in the reduction of PAHs emissions and provided a combined range for identifying PAHs traffic emission sources.

关键词： Urban air pollution Traffic emission Roadside air pollution monitoring station Source apportionment

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The ultra-low-frequency magnetic disturbances associated with earthquakes

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Earthquake Science 2011年第6期24卷 523-534页

作者： Masashi hayakawa Yasuhide Hobara Kenji Ohta Katsumi Hattori Advanced Wireless Communications Research Center The University of Electro-Communications1-5-1 ChofugaokaChofu Tokyo 182-8585Japan Research Station on Seismo Electromagnetics The University of Electro-Communications1-5-1 ChofugaokaChofu Tokyo 182-8585Japan hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co.Ltd.Incubation Center The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo182-8585Japan Information Systems Corp. Earthquake Analysis LaboratoryKita-Aoyama 2-14-42-305Minato-ku Tokyo 107-0061Japan Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-CommunicationsChofu Tokyo 182-8585Japan Department of Electronic Information Chubu University1200 Matsumoto-choKasugai Aichi 487-8501Japan Faculty of Science Chiba University1-33 YayoiInage Chiba 263-8522Japan

The ultra-low-frequency （ULF） electromagnetic emission is recently recognized as one of the most promising candidates for short-term earthquake （EQ） prediction. This paper reviews previous convincing evidence on the presence of ULF emissions before three major EQs. Then, we present further statistical study on the ULF occurrence, our networks of ULF monitoring in different spatial scales in Japan and finally we present several signal processings to identify the seismogenic emissions by showing latest results for recent large EQs.

关键词： seismogenic ULF emission earthquake prediction magnetic sensor signal processing

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Size distribution of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh combustion smoke and ambient air: A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第2期32卷 370-384页

作者： Lulu Zhang Lu Yang Quanyu Zhou Xuan Zhang Wanli Xing Yongjie Wei Min Hu Lixia Zhao Akira Toriba Kazuichi hayakawa Ning Tang Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environment SciencesBeijing 100012China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and they mostly stem from the imperfect combustion of fossil fuels and *** are inherently associated with homogenous fine particles or distributed to different-sized particles during the aging of air *** carried by fine particles undergo a long-range transport to remote areas while those adsorbed on coarse particles have a shorter lifetime in ambient *** importantly, PAHs with higher molecular weights tend to be bound with finer particles and can deeply enter the lungs, posing severe health risks to ***, the environmental fate and health effects of particulate PAHs are strongly *** review summarizes the size distributions of particulate PAHs freshly emitted from combustion sources as well as the distribution patterns of PAHs in ambient *** was found that PAHs from stationary sources are primarily bound to fine particles, which are slightly larger than particles to which PAHs from mobile sources are *** ambient air, particulate PAHs are distributed in larger size modes than those in the combustion fume, and the particle size decreases with PAH molecular weight *** relevant mechanisms and influencing factors of particle size distribution changes are illustrated in this article, which are essentially attributed to combustion and ambient temperature as well as the physical and chemical properties of ***, the study on the particle size distribution of PAHs will contribute for a full understanding of the origin, atmospheric behaviors and health effects of particulate PAHs.

关键词： Atmospheric pollution Coal combustion Biomass burning Vehicle exhaust Gas–particle partitioning

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Yearly variation in character istics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-PAHs in urban shanghai from 2010-2018

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 72-79页

作者： Lu Yang Xuan Zhang Wanli Xing Quanyu Zhou Lulu Zhang Qing Wu Zhijun Zhou Renjie Chen Akira Toriba Kazuichi hayakawa Ning Tang Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920-1192Jjapan School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920-1192Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machi920-1192KanazawaJapan

This study encompassed the regular observation of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and three nitro-PAHs(NPAHs)in particulate matter(PM)in Shanghai in summer and winter from 2010 to *** results showed that the mean concentrations of∑PAHs in summer decreased by 24.7%in 2013 and 18.1%in 2017 but increased by 10.2%in 2015 compared to the data in ***,the mean concentrations of∑PAHs in winter decreased by 39.7%from 2010(12.8±4.55 ng/m^3)to 2018(7.72±3.33 ng/m^3),and the mean concentrations of 1-nitropyrene in winter decreased by 79.0%from 2010(42.3±16.1 pg/m^3)to 2018(8.90±2.09 pg/m^3).Correlation analysis with meteorological conditions revealed that the PAH and NPAH concentrations were both influenced by ambient *** diagnostic ratios of PAHs and factor analysis showed that they were mainly affected by traffic emissions with some coal and/or biomass *** ratio of 2-nitrofluoranthene to 2-nitropyrene was near 10,which indicated that the OH radical-initiated reaction was the main pathway leading to their secondary ***,backward trajectories revealed different air mass routes in each sampling period,indicating a high possibility of source effects from the northern area in winter in addition to local and surrounding ***,the mean total benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent concentrations in Shanghai in winter decreased by 50.8%from 2010(1860±645 pg/m^3)to 2018(916±363 pg/m^3).These results indicated the positive effects of the various policies and regulations issued by Chinese authorities.

关键词： Air pollution Fine particulate matter Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Health risk Shanghai

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China’s Outreach in Palestine:The Quandary of“Made in China”

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2018年第3期12卷 354-370,I0006页

作者： Oliver hayakawa Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies University of ExeterExeterUK

This article examines China-Palestine trade,with specific reference to the impact of Chinese imports to the West *** draws upon first hand quantitative(two surveys)and qualitative(semi-structured interviews)data collected in the West Bank in 2016 and *** article discusses three ***,a contextual introduction to China-Palestine trade,both before formal ties were established but specifically in the period following the signing of the Protocol on Economic Relations(PER)in 1994 between the State of Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization(PLO).Secondly,an exploration of the traders who have enabled this economic exchange,primarily wholesalers in the immediate postPER period to retailers since the early-mid ***,some of the negative repercussions of this trade are analysed,with specific reference to the Palestinian manufacturing *** article recommends that account be taken of the impact which Israel’s formal and informal policies towards Palestine have on Palestinian life,and how this in turn affects Chinese imports and other forms of external trade.

关键词： China Palestine Israel trade economy

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InAsSb thick epilayers applied to long wavelength photoconductors

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第4期20卷 393-396页

作者： Yu-zhu Gao Xiu-ying Gong Guang-hui Wu Yan-bin Feng Takamitsu Makino Hirofumi Kan Tadanobu Koyama Yasuhiro hayakawa School of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Huaxing Infrared Device Co. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Research Institute of Electronics Shizuoka University

InAs0.052Sb0.948 epilayers with cutoff wavelengths longer than 8 μm were successfully grown on InAs substrates using melt epitaxy （ME）. Scanning electron microscopy observations show that the interface between the epilayers and substrates is flat, indicating the good quality of the epilayers, and the thickness of the epilayers is 40 μm. Photoconductors were fabricated using InAs0.052Sb0.948 thick epilayers grown by ME. Ge optical lenses were set on the photoconductors. At room temperature, the photoresponse wavelength range was 2-10μm. The peak detectivity Dλp reached 5.4 × 10^9 cm-Hz^1/2.W^-1 for the immersed detectors. The detectivity D^＊ was 9.3 × 10^8 and 1.3 × 10^8 ***^1/2.W^-1 at the wavelength of 8 and 9 μm, respectively. The good performance of the uncooled InAsSb detectors was experimentally validated.

关键词： semiconducting indium compounds thick epilayers long wavelength photoconductors detectivity

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High-Spin States in the N = 50 Nucleus ^(88)Sr

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Chinese Physics Letters 2001年第7期18卷 894-896页

作者： LIU Zhong T.Ishii T.hayakawa M.Oshima Y.Toh H.Sakurai M.Notani M.Ishihara Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute TokaiIbaraki 319-1195Japan The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research WakoSaitama 351-0198Japan

The Excited states of ^(88)Sr have been produced in the reaction ^(16)O(^(82)Se,4p6n)and studied using the in-beam γ spectroscopy *** high-spin level structures have been observed and established up to 8.5 MeV and 7.9 MeV excitation energy,*** on the measurements of the directional correlations ofγ-rays de-exciting oriented states and anisotropic factors ofγ-rays,spin values of the excited states have been assigned up to the highest levels observed.

关键词： states excited excitation

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On the Tempo-Spatial Evolution of the Lower Ionospheric Perturbation for the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes from Comparisons of VLF Propagation Data Observed at Multiple Stations with Wave-Hop Theoretical Computations

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2018年第3期7卷 161-185页

作者： Tomokazu Asano Masashi hayakawa hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd. (Hi-SEM) University of Electro-Communications (UEC) Alliance Center 1-1-1 Kojima-cho Chofu Japan Advanced Wireless & Communications Research Center UEC Chofu Japan

There have been published many papers on VLF (very low frequency) characteristics to study seismo-ionospheric perturbations. Usually VLF records (amplitude and/or phase) are used to investigate mainly the temporal evolution of VLF propagation anomalies with special attention to one particular propagation path. The most important advantage of this paper is the simultaneous use of several propagation paths. A succession of earthquakes (EQs) happened in the Kumamoto area in Kyusyu Island;two strong foreshocks with magnitude of 6.5 and 6.4 on 14 April (UT) and the main shock with magnitude 7.3 on 15 April (UT). Because the EQ epicenters are not far from the VLF transmitter (with the call sign of JJI in Miyazaki prefecture), we can utilize simultaneously 8 observing stations of our network all over Japan. Together with the use of theoretical computations based on wave-hop theory, we try to trace both the temporal and spatial evolutions of the ionospheric perturbation associated with this succession of EQs. It is found that the ionospheric perturbation begins to appear about two weeks before the EQs, and this perturbation becomes most developed 5 - 3 days before the main shock. When the perturbation is most disturbed, the maximum change in vertical direction is depletion in the VLF effective ionospheric height of the order of 10 km, and its horizontal scale (or its radius) is about 1000 km. These spatio-temporal changes of the seismo-ionospheric perturbation will be investigated in details in the discus-sion, a comparison has made with the VLF characteristics of the 1995 Kobe with the same magnitude and of the same fault-type, and a brief discussion on the generation mechanism of seismo-ionospheric perturbation is finally made.

关键词： VLF/LF Propagation Anomaly Ionospheric Perturbations Earthquake Precursor Earthquake Prediction the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes Japanese VLF/LF Network Wave-Hop Computation Nighttime Fluctuation Method Atmospheric Oscillation Hypothesis

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Stability Analysis of Cliff Face around Kegon Falls in Nikko, Eastern Japan: An Implication to Its Erosional Mechanisms

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第6期4卷 8-16页

作者： Yuichi S. hayakawa Center for Spatial Information Science The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan

A waterfall highlights the locus of active fluvial erosion of bedrock, and its mechanism has been the subject of several studies;however, erosional processes remain to be clarified for specific rock structures composing a waterfall. Herein, the detailed morphology of cliffs around a waterfall is examined by a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) approach to analyze erosional processes occurring in the cliffs. The study site is Kegon Falls in Japan, which has a vertical drop of surface water from the top of its cliff and groundwater outflows from its lower portion. The entire cliff is mostly overhanging and minor rockfalls are often observed. The latest major rockfall occurred in 1986, causing an approximate 8-m upstream shift of the waterfall lip. From the point cloud obtained by TLS measurement, a digital elevation model on a vertical plane was generated, and cross-sectional profiles were extracted. A distinct 5- to 10-m depression was found at the bottom of the upper andesite layer of the waterfall cliff, which appears to have been formed by freeze-thaw and wet-dry weathering following the upstream shift of the surface water drop. Stability analysis of the waterfall cliff with an undercutting notch indicates that the igneous rock composing the cliff is sufficiently strong to maintain its current overhanging shape and that catastrophic collapse of the entire waterfall face rarely occurs. Following the formation of the depression, the upper cliff face appears to have been gradually eroded by gravitational collapses of relatively small blocks bounded by columnar and platy joints.

关键词： Bedrock Erosion Knickpoint Waterfall Recession Terrestrial Laser Scanning

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