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Advances in technology for the laboratory diagnosis of individuals with HIV/AIDS coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第3期6卷 133-142页

作者： Jin Sun xiaoxu han Hongxia Yan Xin Zhang Taiyi Jiang Tong Zhang Hao Wu Grigory Kaminskiy Yingmin Ma Eduard Karamov Bin Su Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research Clinical and Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China State Health Organization Tula Regional Center for Control and Prevention of AIDS and Infectious Diseases Tula 300002Russia Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow 123098Russia

The high morbidity and mortality rate of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)is a tough challenge for current global tuberculosis prevention and control ***/MTB coinfection is more complex than a single infection,and the interaction between the two diseases aggravates the deterioration caused by the disease,resulting in increased hospitalizations and *** screening and early diagnosis facilitate the timely initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV/MTB coinfected individuals,thereby reducing transmission and the incidence of adverse *** date,pathogenic detection has remained the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis,but its sensitivity and specificity are greatly affected by the body's immune status,which limits its application in the diagnosis of HIV/MTB ***,immunology and molecular detection technology has developed *** detection technologies,such as interferon-γ release assays,interferon-gamma inducible protein 10,and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay have overcome the limitations of traditional detection methods,significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of tuberculosis diagnosis,and brought new hope to the detection of HIV/MTB *** this article,the principle,scope of application,and latest research progress of relevant detection methods are reviewed to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of HIV/MTB coinfection.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)coinfection Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) Early diagnosis

HIV社交网络与分子传播网络融合研究的进展

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中国艾滋病性病 2024年第2期30卷 200-204页

作者：尹晓伊赵彬钟平韩晓旭传染病重症诊治全国重点实验室、国家卫生健康委艾滋病防治重点实验室、国家医学检验临床医学研究中心、中国医科大学附属第一医院沈阳110001

构建社交网络已成为HIV感染诊断和提供预防服务中的重要依据。同时,随着基因组测序技术的快速进展以及HIV耐药数据大量积累,基于病毒序列分析的HIV分子传播网络在监测HIV传播增长簇、识别HIV感染的高风险个体以及确定HIV传播风险因素上... 详细信息

构建社交网络已成为HIV感染诊断和提供预防服务中的重要依据。同时,随着基因组测序技术的快速进展以及HIV耐药数据大量积累,基于病毒序列分析的HIV分子传播网络在监测HIV传播增长簇、识别HIV感染的高风险个体以及确定HIV传播风险因素上的优势也引起了专家学者们的关注。当分子传播网络与传统的社交网络进行融合应用时,可以为基于分子簇的靶向干预提供关键信息,可将有限的干预资源引至“HIV传播热点”指导靶向干预。本文综述了HIV社交网络和分子传播网络两种方法各自的优势和局限性、目前二者融合的主要方式及效果,为更高效地利用公共卫生资源开展艾滋病精准防控、遏制HIV传播提供新的思路。

关键词：艾滋病病毒社交网络分子传播网络融合靶向干预

Chitosan-catalyzed n-butyraldehyde self-condensation reaction mechanism and kinetics

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第10期27卷 2447-2454页

作者： xiaoxu han Ying Li Hualiang An Xinqiang Zhao YanjiWang Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and Efficient Energy Saving School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China

The chitosan was found to possess an excellent catalytic performance in n-butyraldehyde selfcondensation to 2 E2 *** suitable conditions,the conversion of n-butyraldehyde,the yield and selectivity of 2 E2 H separately attained 96.0%,86.0%and 89.6%.The chitosan catalyst could be recovered and used for 5 times without a significant deactivation after being treated with ammonium *** order to elucidate the reaction mechanism,the adsorption and desorption of n-butyraldehyde on the surface of chitosan were studied using in situ FT-IR spectroscopy *** result showed that n-butyraldehyde interacts with\\NH2 group of chitosan to form an intermediate species with an enamine *** the reaction process of n-butyraldehyde self-condensation was monitored by React-IR technique and it was found that n-butyraldehyde self-condensation to 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanal followed by a dehydration reaction to *** this basis,chitosan-catalyzed n-butyraldehyde self-condensation reaction mechanism was speculated and its reaction kinetics was *** self-condensation reaction follows auto-catalytic reaction characteristics and then the corresponding kinetic model was established.

关键词： n-Butyraldehyde Chitosan Reaction Mechanism Kinetics Autocatalysis

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无脉络膜症患者的纵向视力自然病程

中华眼底病杂志 2024年第5期40卷 347-352页

作者：韩筱煦张丁丁李蕙邹绚睢瑞芳中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院眼科北京100730 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院医研中心北京100730

目的观察并分析无脉络膜症(CHM)患者视力进展速度以及视力双眼对称性。方法单中心回顾性纵向队列研究。2009年4月至2022年8月于北京协和医院眼科经临床和基因检测确诊的CHM患者19例38只眼纳入研究。患者均满足随访至少2次、随访间隔至少... 详细信息

目的观察并分析无脉络膜症(CHM)患者视力进展速度以及视力双眼对称性。方法单中心回顾性纵向队列研究。2009年4月至2022年8月于北京协和医院眼科经临床和基因检测确诊的CHM患者19例38只眼纳入研究。患者均满足随访至少2次、随访间隔至少1年,且每次随访均具有双眼最佳矫正视力(BCVA)结果。BCVA记录时,将小数视力转换为最小分辨角对数(logMAR)视力。19例患者来自16个无血缘关系家系,均为男性。初诊时年龄(39.52±13.24)岁。随访次数(2.63±1.61)次。随访时间(4.95±2.68)年。共纳入50个双眼BCVA数据。基于纵向数据及横断面数据计算视力的年进展速度。采用Spearman相关性分析及Bland-Altman分析评价双眼对称性。结果基于纵向数据的视力进展速率为(0.095±0.148)logMAR单位/年;基于横断面数据的视力进展速率为(0.018±0.009)logMAR单位/年。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,双眼基线BCVA为高度对称(r=0.881,P<0.001);基于纵向数据的双眼视力进展速率的对称性为中度对称(r=0.528,P=0.020)。Bland-Altman分析结果显示,双眼间基线BCVA差异位于95%极限差(LOA)的95%可信区间(CI)内的例数为94.7%,提示双眼基线BCVA对称性好;双眼间BCVA进展速率差异位于95%LOA的95%CI内的例数为89.5%,提示双眼BCVA进展速率为中度对称。Spearman相关性分析及Bland-Altman分析所得双眼对称性结论基本一致。结论CHM患者基于纵向数据、横断面数据的视力进展速率分别为(0.095±0.148)、(0.018±0.009)logMAR单位/年;不应使用不同年龄患者的横断面数据来推断自然病程的进展速度。基线视力高度对称的双眼,其视力进展速度可能存在差异。

关键词：无脉络膜症视力纵向自然病程双眼对称性

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孕烷X受体在乳腺癌耐药中的研究进展

国际肿瘤学杂志 2024年第9期51卷 590-594页

作者：韩晓旭张楠刘帅山东第一医科大学研究生部济南山东第一医科大学附属中心医院乳腺疾病诊疗中心济南

孕烷X受体(PXR)是细胞色素P-450表达的关键调节因子, 参与氧化应激、类固醇和胆汁酸代谢、炎症反应、细胞凋亡、细胞增殖等多种生物学行为, 还参与化疗药物的代谢、运输和清除。PXR激活后可通过遗传变异与表观遗传修饰、调节细胞凋亡以... 详细信息

孕烷X受体(PXR)是细胞色素P-450表达的关键调节因子, 参与氧化应激、类固醇和胆汁酸代谢、炎症反应、细胞凋亡、细胞增殖等多种生物学行为, 还参与化疗药物的代谢、运输和清除。PXR激活后可通过遗传变异与表观遗传修饰、调节细胞凋亡以及参与磷酸化/去磷酸化等途径影响乳腺癌化疗药物耐药, 可能是乳腺癌耐药患者潜在的治疗靶点。

关键词：乳腺肿瘤孕烷X受体抗药性

Geographical Differences and Influencing Factors of Rural Energy Consumption in Southwest Mountain Areas in China:A Case Study of Zhaotong City

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第6期9卷 842-852页

作者： SUN Wei han xiaoxu SHENG Kerong FAN Jie Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China Urban Construction Design and Research Institute Beijing 100120China Shandong University of Technology Shandong 255049China

China is a mountainous country,and Southwest mountain areas cover the most mountain areas in China and have the most serious *** Zhaotong city as the study area,based on 902 rural household questionnaires of 11 villages in 2 counties and Tobit model,this paper analyzes the geographical differences and influencing factors of energy consumption for non-production purposes of rural households living in different terrain *** research finds that:(1) Coal takes up the main part of energy consumption in valley areas and coal consumption is mainly affected by per capita cultivated land area,household income,proportion of rural household energy expenditure in total expenditure,coal price,and family population *** takes up the main part of energy consumption in high mountain areas and firewood consumption is mainly affected by per capita firewood forest area,distance to purchase coal,household income,electricity price,and coal price.(2) Only when the distance is greater than 20 kilometers,that is the average distance of rural households living in middle mountain areas(1,600m^1,800m) to purchase coal,the transportation condition has a significant impact on coal consumption.(3) In high mountain areas,prices of coal and electricity are the main factors influencing energy consumption choice of rural *** high prices of coal and electricity would to some extent lead rural households to choose firewood as the main energy consumption *** to coal,rural households prefer to choose electricity.

关键词： Southwest mountain areas Sustainable livelihoods Energy for non-production purposes Terrain

Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type i superinfection： implications in vaccine design

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Frontiers of Medicine 2017年第4期11卷 480-489页

作者： Yang Gao Wen Tian xiaoxu han Feng Gao Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Nattonal Health and Famdy Plannmg Commtsston Department of Laboratory Medicme The First Affiliated Hospital China Medical University Shenyang 110001 China National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine School of Life Sciences Jilin University Changehun 130012 China Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

Superinfection is frequently detected among individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus type I （HIV-1）. Superinfection occurs at similar frequencies at acute and chronic infection stages but less frequently than primary infection. This observation indicates that the immune responses elicited by natural HIV-1 infection may play a role in curb of superinfection; however, these responses are not sufficiently strong to completely prevent superinfection. Thus, a successful HIV-1 vaccine likely needs to induce more potent and broader immune responses than those elicited by primary infection. On the other hand, potent and broad neutralization responses are more often detected after superinfection than during monoinfection. This suggests that broadly neutralizing antibodies are more likely induced by sequential immunization of multiple different immunogens than with only one form of envelope glycoprotein immunogens. Understanding why the protection from superinfection by immunity induced by primary infection is insufficient and if superinfection can lead to cross-reactive immune responses will be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine design.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus type I superinfection incidence immtme response

Molecular network-based intervention brings us closer to ending the HIV pandemic

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Frontiers of Medicine 2020年第2期14卷 136-148页

作者： xiaoxu han Bin Zhao Minghui An Ping Zhong Hong Shang Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health Commission Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110001China Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenyang 110001China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Hangzhou 310003China Department of AIDS and STD Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200336China

Precise identification of HIV transmission among populations is a key step in public health ***,the HIV transmission network is usually difficult to *** molecular networks can be determined by phylogenetic approach,genetic distance-based approach,and a combination of both *** approaches are increasingly used to identify transmission networks among populations,reconstruct the history of HIV spread,monitor the dynamics of HIV transmission,guide targeted intervention on key subpopulations,and assess the effects of *** and retrospective studies have demonstrated that these molecular network-based interventions are more cost-effective than random or traditional ***,we still need to address several challenges to improve the practice of molecular network-guided targeting interventions to finally end the HIV *** data remain limited or difficult to obtain,and more automatic real-time tools are *** addition,molecular and social networks must be combined,and technical parameters and ethnic issues warrant further studies.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus type 1 molecular cluster transmission cluster risk network targeted intervention evaluation

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常见3种神经痛的机制与治疗进展

重庆医科大学学报 2024年第5期49卷 583-587页

作者：许鸿嘉张烨张庆硕韩晓旭许顺良山东大学第二医院神经内科济南250000

神经痛指由神经系统疾病或损伤而导致的剧烈疼痛。神经痛的特点为具有强烈的痛苦感和慢性发作,给患者造成极大的身心折磨,降低患者生活质量。因此,探究神经痛的机制及规范诊疗方案十分重要。目前神经痛的治疗方案包括药物治疗、介入治... 详细信息

神经痛指由神经系统疾病或损伤而导致的剧烈疼痛。神经痛的特点为具有强烈的痛苦感和慢性发作,给患者造成极大的身心折磨,降低患者生活质量。因此,探究神经痛的机制及规范诊疗方案十分重要。目前神经痛的治疗方案包括药物治疗、介入治疗等多种方式。本文对目前神经痛新机制及新治疗方案进行综述,以加深临床医师对神经痛新进展的认识。

关键词：神经痛发病机制治疗进展