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The evolving roles of wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 155-187页

作者： Michael Yu Kevin Qin jiaming Fan Guozhi Zhao Piao Zhao wei Zeng Connie Chen Annie wang Yonghui wang jiamin Zhong Yi Zhu william wagstaff Rex C.haydon hue h.Luu Sherwin ho Michael j.lee jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid Tong-Chuan he School of Medicine Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Orthopedic Surgery The First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China

The evolutionarily conserved wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in develop-ment and adult tissue homeostasis across *** proteins are secreted,lipid-modified signaling molecules that activate the canonical(β-catenin dependent)and non-canonical(β-catenin independent)wnt signaling *** behaviors such as proliferation,differ-entiation,maturation,and proper body-axis specification are carried out by the canonical pathway,which is the best characterized of the known wnt signaling *** signaling has emerged as an important factor in stem cell biology and is known to affect the self-renewal of stem cells in various *** includes but is not limited to embryonic,hematopoietic,mesenchymal,gut,neural,and epidermal stem *** signaling has also been implicated in tumor cells that exhibit stem cell-like *** signaling is crucial for bone formation and presents a potential target for the development of therapeutics for bone *** surprisingly,aberrant wnt signaling is also associated with a wide variety of diseases,including *** of wnt pathway members in cancer can lead to unchecked cell proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and ***,advances in the understand-ing of dysregulated wnt signaling in disease have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutics that target components of the wnt *** with a brief overview of the mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical wnt,this review aims to summarize the cur-rent knowledge of wnt signaling in stem cells,aberrations to the wnt pathway associated with diseases,and novel therapeutics targeting the wnt pathway in preclinical and clinical studies.

关键词： β-Catenin Cancer Canonical wnt Disease Non-canonical wnt Stem cells Targeted therapy wnt signaling

A Review of Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries:Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 358-401页

作者： Ghazanfar Nazir Adeela Rehman jong-hoon lee Choong-hee Kim jagadis Gautam Kwang heo Sajjad hussain Muhammad Ikram Abeer AAlObaid Seul-Yi lee Soo-jin Park Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Hybrid Materials Research Center(HMC)Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University50 Yonsei-RoSeodaemun-GuSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea Solar Cell Applications Research Lab Department of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000 PunjabPakistan Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are gaining attention as an ideal option for various applications requiring high-capacity batteries,such as portable electronics,electric vehicles,and renewable energy *** offer advantages such as low environmental impact,enhanced safety compared to Li-ion batteries,and cost-effectiveness due to the abundance of ***,early research faced challenges due to parasitic reactions at the zinc anode and slow oxygen redox *** advancements in restructuring the anode,utilizing alternative electrolytes,and developing bifunctional oxygen catalysts have significantly improved *** have achieved battery reversibility over thousands of cycles,introduced new electrolytes,and achieved energy efficiency records surpassing 70%.Despite these achievements,there are challenges related to lower power density,shorter lifespan,and air electrode corrosion leading to performance *** review paper discusses different battery configurations,and reaction mechanisms for electrically and mechanically rechargeable ZABs,and proposes remedies to enhance overall battery *** paper also explores recent advancements,applications,and the future prospects of electrically/mechanically rechargeable ZABs.

关键词： Zinc-air batteries Energy storage Affordability Reversibility

Desialylated Platelet Clearance in the Liver is a Novel Mechanism of Systemic Immunosuppression

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 35-50页

作者： june Li Danielle Karakas Feng Xue Yingyu Chen Guangheng Zhu Yeni h.Yucel Sonya A.MacParland haibo Zhang john w.Semple john Freedman Qizhen Shi heyu Ni Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group TorontoONCanada Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St.Michael's hospital TorontoONCanada Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation TorontoONCanada Departments of Pediatrics Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA Blood Research Institute Versiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science Ryerson UniversityTorontoONCanada Multi-Organ Transplant Program Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteTorontoONCanada Department of Immunology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Critical Care Medicine Department ofAnesthesiology and PainUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Physiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Pharmacology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada. Division of hematology and Transfusion Medicine Lund UniversityLundSweden clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Ofice of Medical ServicesRegion SkaneLundSweden Department of Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Children's Research Institute Children's WisconsinWauwatosaWIUSA Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer Fund Research Center MilwaukeeWIUSA.

Platelets are small, versatile blood cells that are critical for hemostasis/thrombosis. Local platelet accumulation is a known contributor to proinflammation in various disease states. however, the anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive potential of platelets has been poorly explored. here, we uncovered, unexpectedly, desialylated platelets (dPLTs) down-regulated immune responses against both platelet-associated and -independent antigen challenges. Utilizing multispectral photoacoustic tomography, we tracked dPLT trafficking to gut vasculature and an exclusive Kupffer cell-mediated dPLT clearance in the liver, a process that we identified to be synergistically dependent on platelet glycoprotein Ibα and hepatic Ashwell–Morell receptor. Mechanistically, Kupffer cell clearance of dPLT potentiated a systemic immunosuppressive state with increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and circulating CD4+ regulatory T cells, abolishable by Kupffer cell depletion. Last, in a clinically relevant model of hemophilia A, presensitization with dPLT attenuated anti-factor VIII antibody production after factor VIII ( infusion. As platelet desialylation commonly occurs in daily-aged and activated platelets, these findings open new avenues toward understanding immune homeostasis and potentiate the therapeutic potential of dPLT and engineered dPLT transfusions in controlling autoimmune and alloimmune diseases.

关键词： Platelet transfusion homeostasis

holographic dark energy in non-conserved gravity theory

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 126-133页

作者： h R Fazlollahi Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology Peoples Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University)6 Miklukho-Maklaya StMoscow117198Russia

Recently, reconsidering the Rastall idea T_(μ;νν)^(v)=α_(,μ) through relativistic thermodynamics gives a new form for the scalar field α which led us to construct modern modified theory of gravity debugged ‘non-conserved gravity theory’ Fazlollahi 2023 Euro. Phys. j. C 83 923. This theory unlike other modified theories of gravity cannot directly explain the current acceleration expansion in the absence of the cosmological constant and or existence of other forms of dark energy. hence, in this study we have reinvestigated holographic dark energy Ρ_(X)~h^(2) in the non-conserved theory of gravity. In this context, the density and pressure of dark energy depend on the non-conserved term and density of the dust matter field. As shown, due to non-conservation effects on large-scale structures, unlike the original holographic model, our model onsets an acceleration epoch for the current Universe satisfies observations. Moreover, the interaction and viscous scenarios are studied for this model.

关键词： non-conserved gravity covariant form of thermodynamics holographic dark energy

Modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.jackson R.Mishra j.M.Rebelo j.Santos P.Antunes j.Pombo h.Magalhaes L.wills M.Askill School of Computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of Computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDMEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEL Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK wabtec/Brecknell willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric *** heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile,and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an hSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting,such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models,leading to behaviour of the pantograph-catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： Pantograph-catenary interaction Pantograph aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics Pantograph loads Current collection performance

Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic,photosynthetic multicellularity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： David R.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ashish jaiswal Cecilia Rad-Menendez Michael j.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana C.El Assal Sarah Daakour Michael w.Lomas jean-Claude Twizere David h.Green william C.Ratcliff Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Center for Genomics and Systems Biology(CGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotechnology Research Center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,which are directly linked to their multicellularity ***,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain *** this study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal *** for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes show phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adhesome endogenous viral elements

Optimization of chemistry and process parameters for control of intermetallic formation in Mg sludges

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1431-1448页

作者： Y.Fu G.G.wang A.hu Y.Li K.B.Thacker j.P.weiler h.hu Department of Mechanical Automotive and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Windsor401 Sunset AveWindsorOntario N9B 3P4Canada Global Technology Centre Meridian Lightweight Technologies25 MacNab AveStrathroyOntario N7G 4H6Canada

Intermetallic formation in sludge during magnesium(Mg)melting,holding and high pressure die casting practices is a very important ***,very often it is overlooked by academia,original equipment manufacturers(OEM),metal ingot producers and even die *** aim of this study was to minimize the intermetallic formation in Mg sludge via the optimization of the chemistry and process *** Al8Mn5 intermetallic particles were identified by the microstructure analysis based on the Al and Mn *** design of experiment(DOE)technique,Taguchi method,was employed to minimize the intermetallic formation in the sludge of Mg alloys with various chemical compositions of Al,Mn,Fe,and different process parameters,holding temperature and holding *** sludge yield(SY)and intermetallic size(IS)was selected as two *** optimum combination of the levels in terms of minimizing the intermetallic formation were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,690℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 30 mins for the holding time,*** best combination for smallest intermetallic size were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,630℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 60 mins for the holding time,*** groups of sludge factors,Chemical Sludge(CSF),Physical Sludge(PSF)and Comprehensive Sludge Factors(and CPSF)were established for prediction of sludge yields and intermetallic sizes in Al-containing Mg *** CPSF with five independent variables including both chemical elements and process parameters gave high accuracy in prediction,as the prediction of the PSF with only the two processing parameters of the melt holding temperature and time showed a relatively large deviation from the experimental *** Chemical Sludge Factor was primarily designed for small ingot producers and die casters with a limited melting and holding capacity,of which process parameters could be fixed *** Physical Sludge Factor could be used f

关键词： Magnesium sludge Al-Mn intermetallic Optimization Taguchi method Sludge factor Chemical composition Process parameter

Characterizing objective and self-report habitual physical activity and sedentary time in outpatients with an acquired brain injury

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Sports Medicine and health Science 2024年第4期6卷 338-343页

作者： Liam P.Pellerine Katerina Miller Ryan j.Frayne Myles w.O'Brien Division of Kinesiology School of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of HealthDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Acquired Brain Injury NeuroCommons Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada School of Physiotherapy(Faculty of health)&Department of Medicine(Faculty of Medicine) Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Geriatric Medicine Research Dalhousie University&Nova Scotia HealthHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Centre de Formation Medicale Du Nouveau-Brunswick New Brunswick&Department of MedicineUniversite de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada

Outpatients with an acquired brain injury(ABI)experience physical,mental,and social *** can be classified into two subgroups based on mechanism of injury:mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI;e.g.,concussion)and other ABI(e.g.,stroke,brain aneurysm,encephalitis).Our understanding of habitual activity levels within ABI populations is limited because they are often collected using self-report *** purpose of this study was to,1)describe the habitual activity levels of outpatients with ABI using objective and self-report monitoring,and 2)compare the activity levels of outpatients with mTBI *** *** outpatients with other ABI(mean±standard deviation:[58±13]years,9 females)and 12 outpatients with mTBI([48±11]years,9 females)wore a thigh-worn activPAL 24 h/day(h/day)for *** with ABI averaged(6.0±2.3)h/day of upright time,(10.6±2.2)h/day of sedentary time,(5.6±2.7)h/day in prolonged sedentary bouts>1 h,(5960±3037)steps/day,and(11±13)minutes/day(min/day)of moderate-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).There were no differences between activPAL-derived upright,sedentary,prolonged sedentary time,and physical activity between the mTBI and other ABI groups(all,p>0.31).Outpatients with ABI overestimated their MVPA levels(t138 min/week)and underestimated sedentary time(-4.3 h/day)compared to self-report(all,phigh activity levels,outpatients with ABI objectively exhibit highly inactive and sedentary *** habitual movement behaviours of our sample did not differ by mechanism of injury(i.e.,mTBI versus other ABI).Targeting reductions in objectively measured sedentary time are needed to progressively improve the habitual movement behaviours of outpatients with ABI.

关键词： Accelerometry Stroke Brain aneurysm Encephalitis Mild traumatic brain injury Rehabilitation

Magnetic Topological Dirac Semimetal Transition Driven by SOC in EuMg_(2)Bi_(2)

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第1期41卷 63-67页

作者：王佳萌钱浩吉姜琦乔山叶茂 State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311121China Center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China

Magnetic topological semimetals have been at the forefront of condensed matter physics due to their ability to exhibit exotic transport *** the interplay between magnetic and topological orders in systems with broken time-reversal symmetry is crucial for realizing non-trivial quantum *** delve into the electronic structure of the rare-earth-based antiferromagnetic Dirac semimetal EuMg_(2)Bi_(2) using first-principles calculations and angle-resolved photoemission *** calculations reveal that the spin-orbit coupling(SOC)in EuMg_(2)Bi_(2) prompts an insulator to topological semimetal transition,with the Dirac bands protected by crystal *** linearly dispersive states near the Fermi level,primarily originating from Bi 6p orbitals,are observed on both the(001)and(100)surfaces,confirming that EuMg_(2)Bi_(2) is a three-dimensional topological Dirac *** research offers pivotal insights into the interplay between magnetism,SOC and topological phase transitions in spintronics applications.

关键词： spectroscopy topological Dirac