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Context-dependent insect predation pressure on an avian ectoparasite

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Insect Science 2023年第6期30卷 1784-1797页

作者： Angela Salido Jesús Veiga Joaquín luis Reyes-lópez Francisco Valera Department of Botany Ecology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva Estación Experimental de ZonasÁridas(EEZA-CSIC)AlmeríaSpain Department of Parasitology University of GranadaGranadaSpain MEMEG Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden

Context dependence arises when ecological relationships vary with the conditions under which they are observed. Context dependence of interactions involving parasites is poorly known, even if it is key to understanding host–parasite relationships and food web dynamics. This paper investigates to which extent predation pressure on an avian ectoparasite (Carnus hemapterus) is context-dependent. Based on a predator-exclusion experiment, predation pressure on C. hemapterus pupae in the host's nest for 3 years, and its variation between habitat types are quantified. Variation in precipitation and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is also explored as a likely cause of context dependency. We hypothesize that predation pressure should fluctuate with such surrogates of food availability, so that inter-annual and intra-annual differences may emerge. The number of nests with significant reduction of pupae varied widely among years ranging from 24% to 75%. however, average pupae reduction in nests where a significant reduction occurred did not vary between years. No differences in predation rates between habitat types were detected. Precipitation and NDVI varied widely between years and NDVI was consistently lower around nests on cliffs than around nests on trees and farmhouses. Parallels were found between variation in predation pressure and precipitation/NDVI at a wide scale (highest predation the driest year, and much lower the 2 rainier ones), but not at the nest scale. This paper shows clear context-dependent insect predation pressure on an ectoparasite under natural conditions, and that such interaction changes in signs rather than magnitude between years. The causes for these variations require longer-term studies and/or well-designed, large-scale experiments.

关键词： ants arid areas Carnus hemapterus consumer-resource interaction ecosys-tem productivity predator-parasite rainfall

Phase field modeling with large driving forces

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 623-631页

作者： Jin Zhang Alexander F.Chadwick David l.Chopp Peter W.Voorhees Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

There is growing interest in applying phase field methods as quantitative tools in materials discovery and ***,large driving forces,common in many materials systems,lead to unstable phase field profiles,thus requiring fine spatial and temporal *** demands more computational resources,limits the ability to simulate systems with a suitable size,and deteriorates the capability of quantitative ***,we develop a strategy to map the driving force to a constant perpendicular to the *** with the third-order interpolation function,we find a stable phase field profile that is independent of the magnitude of the driving *** power of this approach is illustrated using three *** demonstrate that by using the driving force extension method,it is possible to employ a grid size orders of magnitude larger than traditional *** approach is general and should apply to many other phase field models.

关键词： forces interpolation apply

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基于STM32的宠物自动喂食器系统设计

农业装备与车辆工程 2024年第8期62卷 158-160页

作者：汤文祺黄略起曹玉华广东白云学院智能制造工程学院广东广州510450

针对因人们长期外出无法及时喂养宠物的问题,提出一种利用远程控制技术的宠物自动喂食器系统设计方案。该喂食器以STM32单片机为核心控制OlED的显示及称重模块和舵机,实现了定时定量加食,并可按照用户设定的时间定时发出语音播报吸引宠... 详细信息

针对因人们长期外出无法及时喂养宠物的问题,提出一种利用远程控制技术的宠物自动喂食器系统设计方案。该喂食器以STM32单片机为核心控制OlED的显示及称重模块和舵机,实现了定时定量加食,并可按照用户设定的时间定时发出语音播报吸引宠物进食;利用ESP8266开发移动端APP对系统进行远程功能控制,用户可设置喂食时间、食物分量等参数,操作界面简单。经测试,该系统可以在室温环境下正常工作,称重误差能够控制在5%以内,满足宠物喂食的精度要求;该宠物自动喂食器硬件简单、运行成本低,可实现对宠物的自动定时定量喂食功能。

关键词：单片机自动喂食器称重 APP

Right-wing and populist support for climate mitigation policies:Evidence from Poland and its carbon-intensive Silesia region

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区域可持续发展（英文） 2022年第4期3卷 281-293页

作者： Mahir YAZAR lukas hERMWIllE håvard hAARSTAD Centre for Climate and Energy Transformation Department of GeographyUniversity of BergenBergen5020Norway Wuppertal Institute for Climate Environment and EnergyDoppersberg 19Wuppertal42103Germany

Research on environmental behaviour is often overlooked in literature on regime destabilization in energy *** study addresses that gap by focusing on socio-political and demographic factors shaping support for carbon regime destabilization policies in one of the most carbon-intensive regions of ***-intensive industries,especially coal mining and coal-based power generation,are often concentrated in a few carbon-intensive ***,decarbonization actions will affect those regions particularly ***,carbon-intensive regions often exert significant political influence on the two climate mitigation policies at the national *** on Poland,we investigate socio-political and demographic factors that correlate with the approval or rejection of the two climate mitigation policies:increasing taxes on fossil fuels such as oil,gas,and coal and using public money to subsidize renewable energy such as wind and solar power in Poland and its carbon-intensive Silesia *** logistic regression with individual-level data derived from the 2016 European Social Survey(ESS)and the 2014 Chapel hill Expert Survey(ChES),we find partypolitical ideology to be an important predictor at the national level but much less so at the regional ***,voting for right-wing party is not a divisive factor for individual support of the two climate mitigation policies either nationally or *** interestingly,populism is a strong factor in support of increasing taxes on fossil fuel in the carbon-intensive Silesia region but is less important concerning in support of using public money to subsidize renewable energy in Poland *** results show the heterogeneity of right-wing party and populism within the support for the two climate mitigation ***-demographic factors,especially age,gender,education level,employment status,and employment sector,have even more complex and heterogeneous components in supp

关键词： Decarbonization actions Right-wing party Populism Climate mitigation policies Poland Silesia

华东三省市儿童康复治疗师胜任力及专业活动研究

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中国康复理论与实践 2024年第7期30卷 760-767页

作者：陈岚卿吕军王晓茜郑红颖邵萍王安妮孙梅陈刚复旦大学公共卫生学院上海市200032 复旦大学中国残疾问题研究中心上海市200032 国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室(复旦大学) 上海市200032 昆山佳杰康复医疗中心江苏昆山市215316 复旦大学护理学院上海市200032

目的分析我国江苏、上海和浙江三省市儿童康复治疗师胜任力和专业活动现状。方法 2022年12月至2023年2月,采用一般资料调查表和胜任力调查表对江苏、上海和浙江三省市168例儿童康复治疗师进行问卷调查。2022年10月至2023年1月,一对一... 详细信息

目的分析我国江苏、上海和浙江三省市儿童康复治疗师胜任力和专业活动现状。方法 2022年12月至2023年2月,采用一般资料调查表和胜任力调查表对江苏、上海和浙江三省市168例儿童康复治疗师进行问卷调查。2022年10月至2023年1月,一对一访谈儿童康复治疗师35例,采用主题框架法进行分析。结果共回收有效问卷162份。调查显示,儿童康复治疗师胜任力(3.44±0.87)分,其中专业精神领域得分(3.90±0.77)和实践领域得分(3.83±0.77)较高,管理与领导力领域得分(2.92±1.44)和研究领域得分(2.14±1.64)较低。潜类别分析显示,儿童康复治疗师可分为4类,以中级组占比最大(34.57%),低学习研究组占比最少(8.64%)。访谈发现,治疗师在保持与儿童家庭沟通、管理自我专业发展等胜任力存在问题。结论江苏、上海和浙江儿童康复治疗师专业胜任力上四个维度高于3分,仅管理与领导力低于3分。

关键词：儿童康复治疗师康复胜任力架构潜类别分析胜任力专业活动

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Phased Array Feed Experiments and Galactic hI Observations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第8期23卷 297-307页

作者： B.liu h.W.Xi D.J.Ding Z.W.Wang S.h.Yu Y.Zhu l.Yu X.Zhang J.l.li l.J.liu Q.Su Y.Wu C.J.Jin B.Peng National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China The 54th Research Institute of China Electronic Technology Group Cooperation Shijiazhuang 050081China

The Phased Array Feed(PAF)is considered as one of the next generation receivers for radio telescopes,which can significantly enlarge the instantaneous Field-of-View of large aperture single dish radio telescopes and enable more flexible observing *** efforts on PAF development for radio telescopes have been made for more than two decades and have become more and more *** report the development of an ambient-temperature 19 element l-band PAF system and the experimental results including its far field beam pattern and system temperature measurement,which achieve the *** the aperture array beam-forming method,we demonstrate a wide-field Galactic hI observations in the radio camera *** results indicate that this system might be applicable for strong Galactic transient *** system could be directly equipped to large telescopes like the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)and FAST array in the future.

关键词： instrumentation detectors-techniques imaging spectroscopy-line profiles

咬肌单侧注射A型肉毒毒素对大鼠下颌骨生长发育的影响(英文)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2015年第1期16卷 46-51页

作者： Chanyoung park Kitae park Jiyeon KIM Department of Pediatric Dentistry Institute of Oral Health Science Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 135-710 Korea Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National UniversityYangsan 626-870 Korea

目的:通过诱导肌肉功能衰退,评估A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)对下颌骨生长发育的影响。创新点:通过对同一个体的对照侧(组2-1)和实验侧(组2-2)下颌骨尺寸的测量分析,证明BTX-A对下颌骨生长具有局部效应。方法:四周龄的Sprague-Dawley大鼠(60只)... 详细信息

目的:通过诱导肌肉功能衰退,评估A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)对下颌骨生长发育的影响。创新点:通过对同一个体的对照侧(组2-1)和实验侧(组2-2)下颌骨尺寸的测量分析,证明BTX-A对下颌骨生长具有局部效应。方法:四周龄的Sprague-Dawley大鼠(60只)随机分为三组:第1组动物注射生理盐水作为对照组;第2组动物单侧注射BTX-A(对侧注射生理盐水);第3组动物双侧注射BTX-A。在第2组中,注射生理盐水的一侧作为对照侧(组2-1),而BTX-A注射的一侧作为实验侧(组2-2)。四周后,处死动物,制备干头骨,测量下颌骨。结论:尽管下颌骨的两侧作为一个功能单元,但是局部注射BTX-A诱导产生的颅面生长改变以及对骨骼的影响却是单侧的。

关键词：肉毒毒素颅面生长下颌骨

Ni, Co-double hydroxide wire structures with controllable voids for electrodes of energy-storage devices

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第20期52卷 126-135页

作者： Jin Kyu Kim Chang Soo lee Jae hun lee Jung Tae park Jong hak Kim Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University50 Yonsei-roSeodaemun-guSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Konkuk University120 Neungdong-roGwangjin-guSeoul 05029Republic of Korea

We re port the facile synthesis of Ni,Co-double hydroxide wire(NChW)-based electrodes directly grown on a conductive substrate via a hydrothermal *** NChW nanostructures were grown on Ni foam,and the growth was controlled using different compositions of solvents(ethanol and water).With increasing volume ratio of ethanol to water,the density of the wires decreased,and the spatial voids between the wires *** formation of large empty spaces improved the electrochemical performance because the exposure of a large surface area of the structure to the electrolyte resulted in a large number of active sites and facile electrolyte penetration into the *** different NChW structures were ascribed to the pivotal role of the solvent in the urea hydrolysis;the solvent triggered the formation of hydroxides during the hydrothermal *** electrochemical performance of the NChW electrodes was investigated via galvanostatic charge/discha rge tests,cyclic voltammetry,and electrochemical impedance *** highest specific capacitance was 1694.7 m F/cm^2 at 2 mA/cm^2,with excellent capacitance retention of 81.5% after 5000 *** superior electrochemical performance of the NChW electrodes is attributed to the large number of active sites and facile electrolyte diffusion into the structure,due to the well-organized structure with an optimized density of nanowires and large voids between the wires.

关键词： Ni,Co-double hydroxide Nanowire Electrode Energy-storage device Supercapacitor

Unveiling the Initial Conditions of Open Star Cluster Formation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第7期23卷 288-299页

作者： C.J.hao Y.Xu l.G.hou Z.h.lin Y.J.li Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Open clusters(OCs)are infrequent survivors of embedded clusters gestated in molecular *** to now,little is known about the initial conditions for the formation of ***,we studied this issue using high-precision astrometric parameters provided by Gaia data release *** statistics show that the peculiar motion velocities of OCs vary slightly from infancy to old age,providing a remarkable opportunity to use OCs to trace their *** a dynamical method,we derived the masses of the progenitor clumps where OCs were born,which have statistical characteristics comparable to previously known results for clumps observed in the ***,the masses of the progenitor clumps of OCs indicate they should be capable of gestating massive O-type *** fact,after inspecting the observed OCs and O-type stars,we found that there are many O-type stars in *** destructive stellar feedback from O-type stars may disintegrate the vast majority of embedded clusters,and only those sufficiently dense ones can survive as OCs.

关键词： Galaxy:stellar content (Galaxy:)open clusters and associations:general stars:formation stars:kinematics and dynamics