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Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock Gravities and the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第6期26卷 41-44页

作者： M. Akbar Asghar qadir Centre for Advanced Mathematics and Physics National University of Sciences and Technology Peshawar Road Rawalpindi Pakistan kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190

It has been shown [Chin. Phys. Lett.25 （2008） 4199] that the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds in Einstein gravity. here we extend this procedure for Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravities. It is shown that by employing the general expression for temperature Th =｜κ｜/2π= 1/2πτA （1-τA/2hτA） associated with the apparent horizon of a Friedman Robertson-Walker （FRW） universe and assuming Tm = bTh, we are able to construct conditions for which the generalized second law holds in Gauss Bonnet and Lovelock gravities, where Tm and Th are the temperatures of the source and the horizon respectively.

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Extraction and characterization of alumina nanopowders from aluminum dross by acid dissolution process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第4期22卷 429-436页

作者： Saifur Rahman Sarker Zahangir Alam Rakibul qadir M A Gafur Mohammad Moniruzzaman Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Dh.k. Pilot Plant & Project Development Centre (PP& PDC) Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka

A significant amount of aluminum dross is available as a waste in foundry industries in Bangladesh. In this study, alumina was ex- tracted from aluminum dross collected from two foundry industries situated in Dhamrai and Manikgang, near the capital city, Dh.k.. Alu- minum dross samples were found to approximately contain 75wt% A1203 and 12wt% SIO2. An acid dissolution process was used to recover the alumina value from the dross. The effects of various parameters, e.g., temperature, acid concentration, and leaching time, on the extrac- tion of alumina were studied to optimize the dissolution process. First, AI（Oh）3 was produced in the form of a gel. Calcination of the AI（Oh）3 gel at 1000℃, 1200℃, and 1400℃ for 2 h produced O-AlcOa, （t~＋O）-A1203, and u-alumina powder, respectively. Thermal charac- terization of the AI（Oh）3 gel was performed by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis （TG/DTA） and differential scanning calo- rimetry （DSC）. The phases and crystallite size of the alumina were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The dimensions of the alumina were found to be on the nano level. The chemical compositions of the aluminum dross and alumina were determined by X-ray fluorescence （XRF） spectroscopy. The microstructure and morphology of the alumina were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The purity of the alumina extracted in this study was found to be 99.0%. Thus, it is expected that the obtained alumina powders can be potentially utilized as biomaterials.

关键词： aluminum dross alumina nanoparticles acid dissolution calcination X-ray fluorescence analysis

Stable Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis by Citrus Sinensis(Orange) and Assessing Activity Against Food Poisoning Microbes

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第10期27卷 815-818页

作者： Naila Arooj Nadia Dar Zahoor qadir Samra Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam Campus University of the Punjab Department of Biology Jinnah Degree College for Women

Silver nanoparticles are considerecl as good antimicrobial agent. AgNPs were synthesized by mixing silver nitrate solution with citrus sinesb extract for 2 h at 37 and analyzed by UV-visible spectra, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. AgNPs were tested against B. subtilis, Shigello, S. oureus, ond E. coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration of AgNPs was 20 I^g/mL for B. subtilis and Shigello and 30 I^g/mL for S. oureus and E. coll. Antibiofilm activity （80% to 90%） was observed at 25 IJg/mL. AgNPs were stable for five months with sustained an＇timicrobial activity. Biosynthesized AgNPs can bE： used to inhibit food poisoning microbial growth.

关键词： Figure Stable Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis by Citrus Sinensis and Assessing Activity Against Food Poisoning Microbes Orange

Separation, Identification and Determination of Triglycerides in Vegetable Oil Samples

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2011年第3期1卷 183-190页

作者： N．A．Fakhri h. k. qadir Department of Chemistry College of Education/Scientific Departments University of Salahaddin Erbil lraq Department of Chemistry College of Pharmacy Hawler Medical University Erbil Iraq

Abstract： Olive oil adulteration with less expensive edible oils is a major issue for the olive oil industry. Eleven vegetable oils were selected and purchased from different markets in Iraqi kurdistan region （Erbil City center）. In this study high performance liquid chromatography （hPLC） on reversed-phase （RP） column with refractive index （RI） detector was used to classify some components in different edible oils depending on calculation of partition number. Adulteration of one of the olive oil samples （01） was identified, due to the appearance of glycerol trilinoleate （LLL） peak in the hPLC chromatogram, while this peak is not present in hPLC chromatograms of other olive oil samples. To ensure the presence of LLL a standard concentration of LLL was added to the sample and increasing the peak height at the retention time of LLL indicates the presence of LLL and the adulteration of olive oil sample.

关键词： hPLC separation identification triacylglycerides edible oils adulteration.

The Effect of Flavonoids on Fiber Development

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The Effect of Flavonoids on Fiber Development

作者： ANAM qadir khAN 华中农业大学

学位级别：硕士

In flavonoid metabolic pathway, interplay of Flavonoid-3-hydroxylase（F3h） and Flavonoid-3’-hydroxylase （F3’h） might elucidate total NAR content, because these two genes share the common *** implement the idea,2 DP A ovules of YZ1 were cultured with five different kinds of flavonoids and two flavonoids Naringenin, Dihydrokaempferol significantly retarded fiber growth development as expected. however, a highly significant effect was noticed in ERI treated ovules in comparison with the *** further verify significant effect of ERI on fiber development the effect of ERI was compared with control （no ERI） at three different time point integrations. The results clearly depicted an obvious phenotypic change in fiber length and quality in ERI treated ovules as compared to ***, it can be suggested that ERI is positively associated with fiber development and that the metabolism regulated by F3’h might be important in fiber development. In order to further comprehend the relationship between F3h and F3’hgenes, cotton F3’h genes were further examined in petal and 5DPA fiber tissues of F3h silence and overexpression lines by using semi quantitative *** results clearly indicated that transcripts of three GrF3’h candidate genes GrF3’h-3, GrF3’h-4 and GrF3’h-8 were up regulated in petals of F3h RNAi lines while in 5DPA fiber the transcription level was not detected. however, these genes were down regulated in petals F3h overexpression *** time PCR was performed and expression pattern of F3’h genes in different YZ1 *** results demonstrated the transcript levels of GhF3’h3 were high in fiber development stages, indicate thatGrF3’h3 could be significantly involved in regulating fiber development in cotton and might have a determining role to play in fiber length and quality parameters. Moreover, development of GhF3’hI and GrF3’h8 transgenic lines will further validate results and provide further insights into flavonoid metabolic pat

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Disposal and Use of Sewage on Agricultural Lands in Pakistan: A Review

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Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 23-34页

作者： G. MURTAZA A. GhAFOOR M. qadir G. OWENS M. A. AZIZ M. h. ZIA SAIFULLAh Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad-38040 (Pakistan) Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Technical Services Department Fauji Fertilizer Company Ltd.

Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils, which may impact the food chain. Management options for sewage contaminated soils includes addition of nontoxic compounds such as lime, calcium sulfate and organic matter, which form insoluble metal complexes, thus reducing metal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its impact on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In comparison effluent samples collected from textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium adsorption ratio and heavy metals like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium. The sewage quality in main drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accumulation of metals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded compared to that in plant leaves, Edible parts of vegetables （fruits and/or leaves） accumulated metals more than the permissible limits despite the soils contained ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetie acid extractable metals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe management strategies. Cadmium appeared to be the most threatening metal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.

关键词： contamination heavy metals irrigation soil quality vegetables

The hybrid MPC-MINLP algorithm for optimal operation of coal-fired power plants with solvent based post-combustion CO_(2) capture

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Petroleum 2017年第1期3卷 155-166页

作者： Norhuda Abdul Manaf Abdul qadir Ali Abbas School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of SydneySydney 2006Australia

This paper presents an algorithm that combines model predictive control(MPC)with MINLP optimization and demonstrates its application for coal-fired power plants retrofitted with solvent based post-combustion CO_(2) capture(PCC)*** objective function of the optimization algorithm works at a primary level to maximize plant economic revenue while considering an optimal carbon capture *** a secondary level,the MPC algorithm is used to control the performance of the PCC *** techno-economic scenarios based on fixed(capture rate is constant)and flexible(capture rate is variable)operation modes are developed using actual electricity prices(2011)with fixed carbon prices($AUD 5,25,50/tonne-CO_(2))for 24 h *** show that fixed operation mode can bring about a ratio of net operating revenue deficit at an average of 6%against the superior flexible operation mode.

关键词： Carbon capture PCC Flexible operation Modeling Algorithm Optimization

Comparative Analysis of Ti,Ni,and Au Electrodes on Characteristics of TiO_2 Nanofibers for humidity Sensor Application

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第5期29卷 411-414页

作者： S.S.Batool Z.Imran M.Israr qadir M.Usman h.Jamil M.A Rafiq M.M.hassan M.Willander Micro and Nano Devices Group Department of Metallurgy and Materials EngineeringPakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied SciencesPO NiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan Department of Science and Technology Campus NorrkpingLinkping UniversitySE-60174 NorrkpingSweden

The effect of metal （Ti, Ni, and Au） electrodes on humidity sensing properties of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers was investigated in this work. The devices were fabricated by evaporating metal contacts on SiO2 layer thermally grown on silicon substrate. The separation between the electrodes was 90 μm for all sensors. The sensors were tested from 40% to 90% relative humidity （Rh） by AC electrical characterization at room temperature. When sensors are switched between 40% and 90% Rh, the corresponding response and recovery time are 3 s and 5 s for Ti-electrode sensor, 4 s and 7 s for Ni-electrode sensor, and 7 s and 13 s for Au-electrode sensor. The hysteresis was 3%, 5% and 15% for sensitivity of Ti, Ni, and Au-electrode sensors are Ti-, Ni-, and Au-electrode sensor, respectively. The 7.53 MΩ/%Rh, 5.29 MΩ/%Rh and 4.01 MΩ/%Rh respectively at 100 hz. Therefore Ti-electrode sensor is found to have linear response, fast response and recovery time and higher sensitivity as compared with those of Ni- and Au-electrode sensors. Comparison of humidity sensing properties of sensors with different electrode material may propose a compelling route for designing and optimizing humidity sensors.

关键词： Titanium dioxide Nanofibers Metal electrodes humidity sensor

Ureteral Stenting Following Uncomplicated Ureteroscopy for Ureteric Stones: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Open Journal of Urology 2016年第2期6卷 7-12页

作者： Ismaeel Aghaways Sarwar N. Mahmood Rawa h. Ghareeb Farhad k. qadir Fahmi h. kakamad Department of Surgery Faculty of Medical Sciences School of Medicine University of Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Iraq Department of Urology Sulaymaniyah Surgical Teaching Hospital Sulaymaniyah Iraq kalar hospital Sulaymaniyah Iraq Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Sulaymaniyah Surgical Teaching Hospital Sulaymaniyah Iraq

Objective: The objective is to assess the benefits and adverse effects of routine ureteral stenting after uncomplicated ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Material and Methods: Sixty patients with ureteric calculi amenable to ureteroscopic lithotripsy were randomized to an unstented (30 patients) or a stented (30 patients) treatment group, standard ureteroscopic lithotripsy done using 8 French semirigid ureteroscope, and pneumatic lithotripter used to fragment the stones. They were followed up for postoperative flank pain, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and hematuria. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean age (stenting 37.8 year and 33.5 year unstenting) of patients, gender and stone size in both groups. No significant difference in the mean flank pain within 3 days postoperative, while at day 14 postoperative flank pain for stenting group was significant (P = 0.03). Dysuria and urgency were high for stenting group (P = 0.002 and 0.011). hematuria within 3 and 14 days was higher in the stenting group. Conclusion: After uncomplicated ureteroscopy, stents can be safely omitted. Unstented patients have significantly fewer LUTS, haematuria and flank pain.

关键词： Ureteroscopy Ureteral Stenting Stone Postoperative Complications