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Neonatal opioid exposure:public health crisis and novel neuroinflammatory disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 430-432页

作者： Vikram Vasan Yuma Kitase Jessie C.Newville Shenandoah Robinson gwendolyn Gerner V.Joanna Burton Lauren L.Jantzie Department of Pediatrics Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDDepartment of NeurologyKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMDDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMDepartment of NeurosciencesUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMUSA

Substance use,specifically the use of prescription and non-prescription opioids among pregnant women,is a major public health issue and chief contributor to the opioid *** prevalence of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome has risen 5-fold in the past decade,and is a well-recognized consequence of perinatal opioid *** contrast,the long-term damage to the developing brain from opioid medications is just beginning to be recognized as a serious *** data suggest that opioid exposure commencing in utero negatively affects the maturation of the neural-immune system,and trajectory of central nervous system *** induces peripheral immune hyper-reactivity,lasting structural and microstructural brain injury,and significant deficits in executive function and cognitive control in adult animals following in utero ***,to address the cascading public health crisis stemming from the multitude of infants with in utero opioid exposure who will grow up with altered neurodevelopmental trajectories,rigorous preclinical,mechanistic studies are *** studies will define the long-term sequelae of prenatal opioid exposure in an effort to develop appropriate and targeted ***,the development of novel fluid,neuroimaging and biobehavioral biomarkers will be the most useful to aid in early identification and treatment of opioid exposed infants with the greatest risk of poor clinical *** studies will be essential to understand how in utero insults determine brain structure and function in adulthood,and what targeted interventions will be required to improve longterm outcomes in the countless children being born exposed to opioids each year.

关键词： biomarker buprenorphine cognition executive function magnetic resonance imaging methadone neonate

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High incidence of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency detected by newborn screening: first results from a study for the evaluation of 26 additional target disorders for the German newborn screening panel

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第5期14卷 470-481页

作者： gwendolyn Gramer Junmin Fang-Hoffmann Patrik Feyh Glynis Klinke Peter Monostori Jürgen G.Okun Georg F.Hoffmann Division of Neuropediatric and Metabolic Medicine Department of General PediatricsCenter for Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 43069120 HeidelbergGermany

Background Newborn screening (NBS) in Germany currently includes 15 target disorders. Recent diagnostic improvements suggest an extension of the screening panel. Methods Since August 2016, a prospective study evaluating 26 additional target disorders (25 metabolic disorders and vitamin B12-deficiency) in addition to the German screening panel is performed at the Newborn Screening Center Heidel-berg. First-tier results from tandem-MS screening are complemented by second-tier strategies for 15 of the additional target disorders. NBS results of seven patients diagnosed symptomatically with one of the additional target disorders by selective screening since August 2016 are retrospectively evaluated. Results Over a 13-month period, 68,418 children participated in the study. Second-tier analyses were performed in 5.4%of samples. Only 59 (0.1%) of study participants had abnormal screening results for one of the additional target disorders. Target disorders from the study panel were confirmed in 12 children: 13-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (CoA)-lyase deficiency, 1 citrullinemia type I, 1 multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficiency, 1 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase-deficiency, and 8 children with maternal vitamin B12-deficiency. In addition, six of seven patients diagnosed symptomatically outside the study with one of the target disorders would have been identified by the study strategy in their NBS sample. Conclusions Within 13 months, the study 'Newborn Screening 2020' identified additional 12 children with treatable con-ditions while only marginally increasing the recall rate by 0.1%. Maternal vitamin B12-deficiency was the most frequent finding. Even more children could benefit from screening for the additional target disorders by extending the NBS panel for Germany and/or other countries.

关键词： Metabolic disorders Newborn screening Second-tier Vitamin B12 deficiency

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Effectiveness of Various Prevention Measures in a Pandemic

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第4期10卷 1240-1246页

作者： Pirooz Mohazzabi Gabrielle Richardson gwendolyn Richardson Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha WI USA

In a previous article, a model for the coronavirus pandemic was developed. This model was based on simple, uninhibited population growth with rate of infection assumed to be proportional to the existing infected population. Validity of this model was verified by testing it against the infection case data published by the Center for Disease Control and the World Health Organization for the United States and the world, respectively. Discrepancies between infection case data and model predictions can be accounted for by implementation of infection prevention measures enforced during the pandemic. The goal of this article is to explore which prevention measures were most effective in reducing the spread of coronavirus in the United States. It turns out that among various prevention measures implemented, lockdown is by far the most effective one.

关键词： Coronavirus Pandemic Multiphase Model

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A Mathematical Model for Spread of COVID-19 in the World

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第8期9卷 1890-1895页

作者： Pirooz Mohazzabi Gabrielle Richardson gwendolyn Richardson Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha WI USA

In this article, the validity of a previously developed model for Coronavirus pandemic is verified by testing it against the global infection cases complied by the World Health Organization. The results further suppor... 详细信息

关键词： Coronavirus Pandemic World COVID-19

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新兴建导式团队协作研究述评与前沿问题展望

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科技进步与对策 2012年第23期29卷 155-160页

作者：程絮森殷国鹏 gwendolyn Kolfschoten 对外经济贸易大学信息学院北京100029 代尔夫特理工大学荷兰

新兴信息技术和互联网的发展使得团队协作在管理学等领域的研究中进入了一个新的纪元,社会各界也迫切需要提高团队协作效率。近年来,在国际上兴起了协作工程学(Collaboration Engineering)这一新兴的交叉领域,它吸引着众多的学者来进行... 详细信息

新兴信息技术和互联网的发展使得团队协作在管理学等领域的研究中进入了一个新的纪元,社会各界也迫切需要提高团队协作效率。近年来,在国际上兴起了协作工程学(Collaboration Engineering)这一新兴的交叉领域,它吸引着众多的学者来进行建导式协作(Facilitated Collaboration)等协作工程学方面的研究。介绍了国际上关于建导式协作系列研究的学术方向,引入了思想利丝(Thinklets)的概念,并对其研究方法、发展趋势和相关资料作了相应综述和讨论,最后提出了未来研究的若干热点问题,并针对这一领域的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词：建导式协作团队协作协作工程思想利丝

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A Model for Droplet Evaporation

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第7期11卷 1837-1845页

作者： Pirooz Mohazzabi Gabrielle A. Richardson gwendolyn A. Richardson Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Wisconsin-Parkside Kenosha WI USA

Based on the kinetic theory of gases, a simple model for droplet vaporization, in particular mercury, is developed to study the variation of droplet radius as a function of time. This model is in agreement with more sophisticated models for water, such as the kinetic model and the Kulmala model. Findings indicate that complete evaporation of a 1-mm-radius mercury droplet, in a ventilated room at normal temperatures, should take about 1.8 × 104 seconds or 5 hours. The findings of this study can be utilized to direct further research in the field of toxin remediation.

关键词： Evaporation Rate Mercury Droplet Radius

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Cameroonian Preadolescents’ Perspectives of an HIV Prevention Intervention

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World Journal of AIDS 2011年第2期1卷 43-49页

作者： Comfort Enah Linda Moneyham gwendolyn Childs Carrie Ann Gakumo 不详

Purpose: Determining and incorporating the perspective of the target population is important to the developments of effective and sustainable HIV prevention efforts. Cameroonian preadolescent females remain at high risk for contract-ing HIV and have not benefitted from targeted HIV prevention efforts. In this report, findings are presented from data collected from 60 Cameroonian preadolescent females;ages 10-12 years;following their completion of an HIV preven-tion intervention. Methods: The theory-based intervention utilized the World Health Organization’s Responsible Be-havior: Delaying Sex curriculum which had been tailored for the target population with the assistance of Cameroonian experts. The data reported here were collected as part of a questionnaire participants completed post-intervention. Re-sults: With only a few exceptions, participants perceived the intervention to be appropriate and relevant. No significant differences were found in participants’ assessment of the intervention across different ages and ethnic groups. Discus-sion: Evaluating the appropriateness of interventions to the developmental level, gender, and culture of participants is an essential step in developing effective and sustainable interventions. Findings in this study are encouraging and indi-cate that interventions adapted with the assistance of local experts can be perceived relevant and appropriate by par-ticipants.

关键词： HIV Prevention Adolescent Health Intervention Research Participants’ Perspectives Cameroon Africa

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Newborn screening for remethylation disorders and vitamin deficiency-evaluation of new strategies in cohorts from Qatar and Germany

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第2期13卷 136-143页

作者： gwendolyn Gramer Ghassan Abdoh Tawfeg Ben-Omran Noora Shahbeck Rehab Ali Laila Mahmoud Junmin Fang-Hoffmann Georg F.Hoffmann Hilal Al Rifai Jürgen G.Okun University Hospital Heidelberg Center for Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineDivision of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic MedicineHeidelbergGermany Department of Pediatrics Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar

Background:Newborn screening is a precondition for early diagnosis and successful treatment of remethylation disorders and classical homocystinuria (cystathionine-β-synthase deficiency).Newborn screening for classical homocystinuria using total homocysteine measurement in dried blood spots has been very successfully performed for many years for newborns from ***:A new optimized newborn screening strategy for remethylation disorders and homocystinuria was developed and evaluated for newborns from Qatar using total homocysteine measurement as first-tier and methionine,methionine-phenylalanine-ratio and propionylcarnitine as *** cnt-offs were also retrospectively evaluated in newborn screening samples of 12 patients with remethylation disorders and vitamin B12 deficiency from Qatar and ***:Over a 12 months period,the proposed strategy led to a decrease in the recall rate in homocysteine screening for Qatar from 1.09% to 0.68%,while allowing for additional systematic inclusion of remethylation disorders and vitamin B12 deficiency into the screening panel for *** the evaluated period the applied strategy would have detected all patients with classical homocystinuria identified by the previous strategy and in addition 5 children with maternal nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency and one patient with an isolated remethylation *** retrospective evaluation of newborn screening samples of 12 patients from Germany and Qatar with remethlyation disorders or vitamin B12 deficiency showed that all of these patients would have been detected by the cutoffs used in the proposed new *** addition,an adapted strategy for Germany using methionine,methionine-phenylalanine-ratio and propionylcarnitine as first-tier,and homocysteine as a second-tier test was also positively evaluated ***:The proposed strategy for samples from Qatar allows inclusion of remethylation disorders and vitamin B12 deficiency

关键词： classical homocystinuria newborn screening remethylation disorders second-tier vitamin B12 deficiency

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Contribution of safe motherhood solidarity groups in using and accessing maternity services during a period of armed conflict

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Health 2013年第7期5卷 1085-1091页

作者： Richard Bitwe Mihanda Jean Robert Likofata gwendolyn J. Lusi Development Projects HEAL Africa Goma DR Congo Mentor Research Hospital Management HEAL Africa Goma DR Congo

This report presents the results of a study on Reproductive Health done in North Kivu in September 2009. It was conducted by HEAL Africa, in partnership with the Provisional Division of Health, and financed by the University of Ottawa, Canada/CRDI with technical assistance from Western Cape University of South Africa. The study was conducted in the health zones of Birambizo and Kayna within the framework of the central office. The focus of the report is on one aspect of Reproductive Health—Low Risk Maternity. This study was conducted in rural areas given that Reproductive Health indicators are much weaker when compared with urban areas, according to EDS RDC, 2007 [1]. This study emphasizes the following points: General characteristics of the participants in the study, and the utilization and accessibility of maternity services in rural areas in conflict situations. The formula SPSS 12.0.1 was used to facilitate data analysis in the study. This study comes at a point in time when its relevance to HEAL Africa’s work will assist HEAL and its partners in determining the focus of interventions done in health zones in order to improve maternal and neonatal health. HEAL Africa firstly stepped into a Safe Motherhood pilot project in June 2006 for 9 months in the Masisi zone, then in 2007 in the Birambizo and Kayna health zones. In November 2007, HEAL expanded into Walikale and in October 2008, into Kirotshe, Binza, and Lubero. The intervention kit consists of reinforcing the capacity of existing health facilities, training traditional midwives who serve as a link between the community and the health structures, the provision of sanitary equipment, medical essentials and community mobilization was done through local leaders about health and reproduction, and organizing women of reproductive age in solidarity groups (SG) to generate maternity insurance. The community approach “Solidarity Groups for Maternity Insurance” constitutes the spine of HEAL Africa within the support i

关键词： Safe Motherhood Solidarity Group Usage of Maternity Services Accessibility of Maternity Services Reproductive Health Maternal Health

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Efficient IL-2R signaling differentially affects the stability,function,and composition of the regulatory T-cell pool

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 398-414页

作者： Marc Permanyer Berislav Bošnjak Silke Glage Michaela Friedrichsen Stefan Floess Jochen Huehn gwendolyn E.Patzer Ivan Odak Nadine Eckert Razieh Zargari Laura Ospina-Quintero Hristo Georgiev Reinhold Förster Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany Institute for Laboratory Animal Science Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany Department Experimental Immunology Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany Cluster of Excellence RESIST(EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School30625HannoverGermany

Signaling via interleukin-2 receptor(IL-2R)is a requisite for regulatory T(Treg)cell identity and ***,it is not completely understood to what degree IL-2R signaling is required for Treg cell homeostasis,lineage stability and function in both resting and inflammatory ***,we characterized a spontaneous mutant mouse strain endowed with a hypomorphic Tyr129His variant of CD25,theα-chain of IL-2R,which resulted in diminished receptor expression and reduced IL-2R *** noninflammatory conditions,Cd25Y129H mice harbored substantially lower numbers of peripheral Treg cells with stable Foxp3 expression that prevented the development of spontaneous autoimmune *** contrast,Cd25^(Y^(129H))Treg cells failed to efficiently induce immune suppression and lost lineage commitment in a T-cell transfer colitis model,indicating that unimpaired IL-2R signaling is critical for Treg cell function in inflammatory ***,single-cell RNA sequencing of Treg cells revealed that impaired IL-2R signaling profoundly affected the balance of central and effector Treg cell ***,partial loss of IL-2R signaling differentially interferes with the maintenance,heterogeneity,and suppressive function of the Treg cell pool.

关键词： Regulatory T cells IL-2R signaling scRNA sequencing Treg heterogeneity

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