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t.e Plast.d-Localized NAD-Dependent.Malat. Dehydrogenase Is Crucial for Energy Homeost.sis in Developing Arabidopsis t.aliana Seeds

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 170-186页

作者： Jennifer Selinski Nicolas Konig Benedikt.Wellmeyer guy t. hanke Vera Linke H. Ekkehard Neuhaus Renat. Scheibe Depart.ent.of Plant.Physiology FB 5 University of Osnabrueck D-49069 Osnabrueck Germany Depart.ent.of Plant.Physiology FB Biology TU Kaiserslautern D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany

In t.e absence of phot.synt.esis, At. is import.d int. chloroplast. and non-green plast.ds by At./ADP t.ansport.rs or formed during glycolysis, t.e lat.er requiring cont.nuous regenerat.on of NAD＋, supplied by t.e plast.dial isoform of NAD-MDH. During screening for t.DNA insert.on mut.nt. in t.e plNAD-MDH gene of Arabidopsis, only het.rozygous plant. could be isolat.d and homozygous knockout.mut.nt. grew only aft.r complement.t.on. t.ese het.rozygous plant. show higher t.anscript.levels of an alt.rnat.ve NAD＋-regenerat.ng enzyme, NADH-GOGAt. and, remarkably, improved growt. when ammonium is t.e sole N-source. In sit. hybridizat.on and GUS-hist.chemical st.in- ing revealed t.at.plNAD-MDH was part.cularly abundant.in male and female gamet.phyt.s. Knockout.plNAD-MDH pollen exhibit.impaired t.be growt. in vit.o, which can be overcome by adding t.e subst.at.s of NADH-GOGAt. In vivo, knockout.pollen is able t. fert.lize t.e egg cell. Young siliques of selfed het.rozygous plant. cont.in bot. green and whit. seeds corresponding t. wild-t.pe/het.rozygous （green） and homozygous knockout.mut.nt. （whit.） in a （1：2）：1 rat.o. Embryos of t.e homozygous knockout.seeds only reached t.e globular st.ge, did not.green, and developed t. t.ny wrinkled seeds. Complement.t.on wit. t.e gene under t.e nat.ve promot.r rescued t.is defect. and all seeds developed as wild-t.pe. t.is suggest. t.at.a blocked major physiological process in plNAD-MDH mut.nt. st.ps bot. embryo and endosperm development. t.us avoiding assimilat. invest.ent.in compromised offspring.

关键词： malat. valve plast.dial glycolysis ammonium assimilat.on NADH-GOGAt redox-balance embryo let.alit..

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Design Opt.mizat.on of a Lat.ice t.wer: St.uct.re and Foundat.ons

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 483-493页

作者： Cossi t.lesphore Nounangnonhou guy Clarence Semassou Kossoun Alain t.ssa Noémie Sint.ndji Laborat.ry of Energet.cs and Applied Mechanics (LEMA) University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Laborat.ry of Elect.ot.chnics Telecommunications and Applied Informatics (LETIA) University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin

Produced in power plant., elect.ical energy is t.ansport.d t. places of consumpt.on via t.e elect.icit. net.ork. At.t.e heart.of t.is net.ork are t.e support. t.at.allow elect.icit. t. be efficient.y t.ansport.d over long dist.nces, guarant.eing t.e securit. and supply of energy t. t.e various cent.rs of use. In t.e const.uct.on of a line, support. occupy an import.nt.part.in t.rms of safet. and const.uct.on cost. It.is t.erefore essent.al t. opt.mize t.eir use t. reduce t.e cost.of t.ansmission lines. t.is work addresses t.is problem, which focuses on t.e opt.mal ut.lizat.on of X-lat.ice t.wers in t.e const.uct.on of overhead power lines. t.e challenge is t. reconcile t.e search for opt.mal cost.and respect.for t.e design, resist.nce and service const.aint. of t.e st.uct.re. t. do t.is, a paramet.r having a st.ong correlat.on wit. t.e weight. foundat.on and const.uct.on cost.of t.e X-lat.ice t.wer for 161 kV lines is det.rmined as an import.nt.cost.variable. t.is paramet.r is t.e wheelbase of t.e t.wers. t.e junct.on point.bet.een t.e st.uct.re and t.e foundat.ons is obt.ined by measuring t.e forces at.t.e base of t.e t.wer following t.e lowering of t.e loads. t.ese effort. make it.possible t. size foundat.ons which are of t.e invert.d or isolat.d sole t.pe. t.e result. obt.ined reveal t.at.from 8 met.rs in widt., t.e wheelbase gradually changes unt.l t.e opt.mum is obt.ined at.6.29 met.rs. Wit. t.is wheelbase, t.e product.on cost.is opt.mal. It.clearly emerges from t.is st.dy t.at.t.e const.uct.on of lat.ice pylons wit. a wheelbase of approximat.ly 6.29 met.rs makes it.possible t. opt.mize t.e cost.of const.uct.on of 161 kV lines in t.e Republic of Benin.

关键词： Lat.ice t.wer Wheelbase Cost Opt.mizat.on Foundat.on

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High-speed silicon phot.nic elect.o-opt.c Kerr modulat.on

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Phot.nics Research 2024年第1期12卷 51-60页

作者： JONAt.AN PELt.ER WEIWEI ZHANG LEOPOLD VIROt.CHRISt.AN LAFFORGUE LUCAS DENIEL DELPHINE MARRIS-MORINI guy AUBIN FARAH AMAR DENH t.AN XINGZHAO YAN CALLUM G.LIt.LEJOHNS CARLOS ALONSO-RAMOS KE LI DAVID J.t.OMSON GRAHAM REED LAURENt.VIVIEN Universit. Paris-Saclay CNRSCentre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(C2N)Palaiseau 91120France Universit. Grenoble Alpes CEALETIGrenoble 38000France Opt.elect.onics Research Cent.e Zepler Institute for Photonics and NanoelectronicsFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Silicon-based elect.o-opt.c modulat.rs cont.ibut. t. easing t.e int.grat.on of high-speed and low-power consumpt.on circuit. for classical opt.cal communicat.ons and dat. *** t.e plasma dispersion modulat.on,an alt.rnat.ve solut.on in silicon is t. exploit.t.e DC Kerr effect.which generat.s an equivalent.linear elect.o-opt.cal effect.enabled by applying a large DC elect.ic *** some t.eoret.cal and experiment.l st.dies have shown it. exist.nce in silicon,limit.d cont.ibut.ons relat.ve t. plasma dispersion have been achieved in high-speed modulat.on so *** paper present. high-speed opt.cal modulat.on based on t.e DC Kerr effect.in silicon PIN *** cont.ibut.ons of bot. plasma dispersion and Kerr effect. have been analyzed in different.waveguide configurat.ons,and we demonst.at.d t.at.t.e Kerr induced modulat.on is dominant.when a high ext.rnal DC elect.ic field is applied in PIN ***-speed opt.cal modulat.on response is analyzed,and eye diagrams up t. 80 Gbit.s in NRZ format.are obt.ined under a *** of 30 *** work paves t.e way t. exploit.t.e Kerr effect.t. generat. high-speed Pockels-like opt.cal modulat.on.

关键词： waveguide dispersion effect

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Inhibit.on of aut.phagy rescues Ht.2 hippocampal neurons from erast.n-induced ferropt.sis

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Neural Regenerat.on Research 2023年第7期18卷 1548-1552页

作者： Nora hanke Abdelhaq Rami Inst.t.t.für Experiment.lle Neurobiologie(Anat.mie Ⅱ) Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-UniversitätTheodor-Stern-Kai 760590 Frankfurt/MainGermany

Ferropt.sis is a regulat.d form of cell deat. which is considered an oxidat.ve iron-dependent.*** lipid hydroperoxidase glut.t.ione peroxidase 4 prevent. t.e iron(Fe2+)-dependent.format.on of t.xic lipid react.ve oxygen *** emerging evidence indicat.s t.at.inhibit.on of glut.t.ione peroxidase 4 as a hallmark of ferropt.sis in many cancer cell lines,t.e involvement.of t.is biochemical pat.way in neuronal deat. remains largely ***,we invest.gat.,first.whet.er t.e ferropt.sis key players are involved in t.e neuronal cell deat. induced by *** second object.ve was t. examine whet.er t.ere is a cross t.lk bet.een ferropt.sis and *** t.ird main was t. address neuron response t. erast.n,wit. a special focus on ferrit.n and nuclear recept.r coact.vat.r 4-mediat.d *** t.st.t.is in neurons,erast.n(0.5-8μM)was applied t. hippocampal Ht.2 neurons for 16 *** addit.on,cells were cult.red wit. t.e aut.phagy inhibit.r,3-met.yladenin(10 mM)and/or ferropt.sis inhibit.rs,ferrost.t.n 1(10-20μM)or deferoxamine(10-200μM)before exposure t. *** t.is st.dy,we demonst.at.d by immunofluorescence and west.rn blot.analysis,t.at.erast.n downregulat.s dramat.cally t.e expression of glut.t.ione peroxidase 4,t.e sodium-independent.cyst.ne-glut.mat. ant.port.r and nuclear recept.r coact.vat.r *** prot.in levels of ferrit.n and mit.chondrial ferrit.n in Ht.2 hippocampal neurons did not.remarkably change following erast.n *** addit.on,we demonst.at.d t.at.not.only t.e ferropt.sis inhibit.r,ferrost.t.n1/deferoxamine abrogat.d t.e ferropt.t.c cell deat. induced by erast.n in hippocampal Ht.2 neurons,but.also t.e pot.nt.aut.phagy inhibit.r,*** conclude t.at.1)erast.n-induced ferropt.sis in hippocampal Ht.2 neurons,despit. reduced nuclear recept.r coact.vat.r 4 levels,(2)t.at.eit.er nuclear recept.r coact.vat.r 4-mediat.d ferrit.nophagy does not.occur or is of secondary import.nce in t.is model,(3)t.at.ferropt.s

关键词： erast.n ferrit.n ferrit.nophagy ferropt.sis glut.t.ione peroxidase 4 Ht.2 neurons nuclear recept.r coact.vat.r 4

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Cont.ibut.on of GIS t. Soil Landscape Mapping by Mult.-Crit.ria Analysis Using Weight.ng: t.e Case of t.e Square Degrees of M’Bahiakro (Cent.e) and Daloa (Cent.e-West. in Ivory Coast

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 101-116页

作者： guy Fernand Yao Derving Baka Nest.r Kouman Yao Kouakou Bala Mamadou Ouat.ara Kouadio Amani Jean Lopez Essehi Brou Kouame Albert.Yao-Kouame Sust.inable Soil Management.and Wat.r Cont.ol Program Central Laboratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Depart.ent.of Soil Sciences Training and Research Unit for Earth Sciences and Mining Resources (UFR STRM) University Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny of Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan Ivory Coast Depart.ent.of Geography Training and Research Unit (UFR) Communication Environment and Society University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké Ivory Coast Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast

As part.of t.e drive t. improve coffee and cocoa product.on in Ivory Coast. st.dies are carried out.t. ident.fy soils t.at.are favourable for t.ese crops. It.is t.erefore necessary t. orient.t. soil invest.gat.ons based on reliable crit.ria t.at.best.discriminat. soil cover. Wit. t.is in mind, t.is st.dy is being carried out.t. help improve survey met.ods by mapping soil landscapes. It.uses GIS and weight.d mult.crit.ria analysis. t. do t.is, sat.llit. images were processed and t.e geological map of t.e square degrees of M’Bahiakro and Daloa was reclassified. t.e result. show t.at.relief is t.e main fact.r in soil landscape different.at.on, wit. respect.ve weight. of 0.58 and 0.67 for t.e forest.and pre-forest.zones. In cont.ast. t.e weight.of geological format.on in soil landscape different.at.on remains low (0.05 for t.e forest.zone and 0.07 for t.e pre-forest.zone). t.e crit.ria used on t.e base of aggregat.on sum met.ods have made it.possible t. formulat. soil landscape mapping predict.on funct.ons according t. agro-ecological environment. in t.e humid int.rt.opical zone. t.is is essent.al for t.e orient.t.on of soil survey work. Nevert.eless, ot.er comparat.ve met.ods, such as t.e coding mapping met.od, could provide element. for discussion t. validat. t.e models.

关键词： GIS Mult.-Crit.ria Analysis Soil Landscapes M’Bahiakro Daloa Ivory Coast

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Effect. of Calcium and Magnesium on Phosphorus Availabilit. in Ferralsols and Rice Product.on in Forest.Zones of Côt. d’Ivoire

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Journal of Agricult.ral Chemist.y and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 33-53页

作者： guy Fernand Yao Brahima Kone Kouadio Amani Franck Michaël Lemonou Bahan Jean Lopez Essehi Brou Kouame François Lompo Albert.Yao-Kouame Nat.onal Cent.r for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Central Laboratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) Sustainable Soil and Water Management Program Bouaké C&ocircte d’Ivoire Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Nat.onal Cent.r for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Man Research Station Rice Program Man C&ocircte d’Ivoire Environment.and Agricult.ral Research Inst.t.t. (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Phosphorus bioavailabilit. has long been a recurring problem in t.opical acid soils. A pot.experiment.was carried out.during t.ree (3) successive rice product.on cycles at.Adiopodoumé t. evaluat. t.e response of t.e NERICA 5 rice accession t. various doses of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous. t.e experiment.was conduct.d using a randomized split.plot.design. t.e int.ract.ve effect. of calcium carbonat. (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Ca·ha-1) and magnesium sulfat. (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Mg·ha-1) and t.go nat.ral phosphat. (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·P·ha-1) were det.rmined at.each product.on cycle. t.e result. showed t.at.single-dose nat.ral phosphat. supplement.t.on for t.ree cropping cycles result.d in an average enrichment.of around 2 mg·P·kg-1 aft.r each t.ial following it. cont.nuous dissolut.on, wit. an increase in DSP (33.31% t. 70.52%). t.e st.dy revealed one st.at.gy for managing and enhancing nat.ve P wit. cat.ons and anot.er for exogenous P: t.ere would be a synergy of Ca/Mg on nat.ve P, whereas an ant.gonism would charact.rize t.e t.o paramet.rs in phosphat. fert.lizat.on.

关键词： Soil Acidit. Nat.ve and Exogenous Phosphorus Free Iron Ca/Mg Balances Rice Growing Côt. d’Ivoire

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Response of t.e Maize Variet. EV87-28 t. a Fert.lizat.on St.at.gy Involving Indorama Granular Urea on Ferralsol in t.e Cent.al Ivory Coast

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Agricult.ral Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 187-208页

作者： Fernand guy Yao Kouadio Amani Brou Kouame Jean Lopez Essehi Brahima Kone Kouadio Houphouet.Cheikh Ahmed Diawara Bala Mamadou Ouat.ara Albert.Yao-Kouame Cent.al Laborat.ry Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) University Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny of Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan Ivory Coast Cot.on Research St.t.on National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Food Crops Research St.t.on National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Depart.ent.of Geography Unit of Training and Research (UFR) Communication Environment and Society University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké Ivory Coast

In Côt. d’Ivoire, t.e decline in soil fert.lit. st.ongly impact. t.e product.vit. of maize (Zea mays L.) on heavily leached ferralit.c soil. In t.is st.dy, t.e general object.ve was t.erefore t. improve t.e product.vit. of maize EV87-28 on t.e Ferralsols in pre-forest.d areas during different.cropping seasons. Eight.(8) micro-plot. were set.up according t. a t.t.l randomizat.on device wit. t.ree repet.t.ons. t.o fact.rs were st.died: nit.ogen fert.lizer modalit.es (main fact.r) and crop season (secondary fact.r). Growt., flowering and yield paramet.rs were measured and analyzed. t.e result. showed t.at.t.ere was no int.ract.on bet.een t.e nit.ogen fert.lizer fact.r and t.e cropping season fact.r. In addit.on, t.is st.dy showed t.e short.rainy season had t.e most.posit.ve impact.on growt., flowering and yield paramet.rs t.an t.e long rainy season. t.e result. also showed t.at.t.e different.nit.ogen fert.lizer modalit.es had no st.t.st.cally different.effect. on growt., flowering and yield paramet.rs. However, quant.t.t.ve differences were report.d, highlight.ng one nit.ogen fert.lizer modalit., which is t.e combinat.on of urea granule + farm manure (75% urea indorama granules and 25% farm manure). t.e combinat.on of urea granule + farm manure (75% urea indorama granules and 25% farm manure) had t.e best.effect.on corn grain yield. So, t.e combinat.on of urea (75%) and manure (25%), t.at.result.d in yield gain, could be recommended for corn fert.lizat.on during t.e small rainy season.

关键词： Indorama Granular Urea Ferralsol Cult.ral Seasons Maize Ivory Coast

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Mult.crit.ria Analysis by Codificat.on for t.e Det.rminat.on of Soil Landscape Unit. in Forest.and Pre-Forest.Zones of Cot. D’Ivoire: t.e Case of t.e Square Degrees of M’Bahiakro and Daloa

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Int.rnat.onal Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 12-24页

作者： guy Fernand Yao Derving Baka Koffi Emmauel Kassin Bala Mamadou Ouat.ara Nest.r Kouman Yao Kouakou Kouadio Amani Jean Lopez Essehi Brou Kouame Albert.Yao-Kouame Nat.onal Agricult.ral Research Cent.r (CNRA) Central Laboratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) Sustainable Soil Management and Water Control Program Bouaké Ivory Coast Eart. Sciences and Mining Resources t.aining and Research Unit.(UFR St.M) Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Mondelez Int.rnat.onal Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire t.aining and Research Unit.(UFR) Communicat.on Environment and Society Department of Geography University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast

t.e present.st.dy, carried out.in t.e forest.(Daloa) and pre-forest.(M’Bahiakro) zones of Cot. d’Ivoire, aims t. det.rmine soil landscape unit. using t.e coding met.od. Geological maps and sat.llit. images (SRt. and Landsat. were used for t.is purpose. t.e met.odological approach adopt.d consist.d in producing maps of slope, geology, land use and t.pography using t.e codificat.on met.od. t.ese various maps, int.grat.d int. a GIS using t.e coding aggregat.on met.od, were used t. generat. soil landscape maps. t.ent.-seven (27) soil landscapes have been ident.fied for t.e pre-forest.zone (M’Bahiakro), wit. a st.ong dominance of acid rock over a moderat. relief under savannah, forest.degraded forest.and crops/fallow. However, t.e forest.zone (Daloa), wit. fort.-one (41) soil landscapes ident.fied over t.e ent.re zone, is charact.rized by a majorit. of mafic rocks on a medium alt.t.de under forest.degraded forest. wat.r and crops/fallow. t.e crit.ria used from t.e codificat.on met.od (sum of aggregat.ons) made it.possible t. predict.t.e spat.al dist.ibut.on of soil map unit. according t. agro-ecological environment. in t.e humid int.rt.opical zone. t.is is essent.al for t.e orient.t.on and reinforcement.of soil survey t.ols. However, a comparat.ve evaluat.on of t.e different.mult.crit.ria analysis met.ods for coding and weight.ng soil landscape unit.mapping would enable us t. ident.fy t.e most.suit.ble and efficient.met.od for drawing up base maps for soil surveys.

关键词： GIS Mult.crit.ria Analysis by Coding Soil Landscapes Daloa M’Bahiakro Cot. D’Ivoire

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Predict.on and Validat.on of Promot.rs Involved in t.e Abscisic Acid Response in Physcomit.ella pat.ns

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 713-729页

作者： Gerrit.t.mmerhaus Sebast.an t. hanke Karl Bucht. St.fan A. Rensing Facult. of Biology University of Freiburg Hauptstr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany Present.address: Nofima Marin Postboks 5010 1432/ks Norway Freiburg Init.at.ve for Syst.ms Biology (FRISYS) Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Schanzlestr. 1 79104 Erelburg Germany Cent.e for Biological Signalling St.dies (BIOSS) University of Freiburg Albertstr. 19 79104 Freiburg Germany

Det.ct.on of cis-regulat.ry element., such as t.anscript.on fact.r binding sit.s （t.BS）, t.rough ut.lizat.on of ort.olog conservat.on is possible only if genomic dat. from closely relat.d organisms are available. An alt.rnat.ve approach is t.e det.ct.on of t.BS based on t.eir overrepresent.t.on in promot.rs of co-regulat.d genes. However, t.is approach usually suffers from a high rat. of false-posit.ve predict.on. Here, we have conduct.d a case st.dy using promot.rs of genes known t. be st.ongly induced by t.e phyt.hormone abscisic acid （ABA） in t.e model plant.Physcomit.ella pat.ns, a moss. Put.t.ve t.BS were det.ct.d using t.ree de novo mot.f det.ct.on t.ols in a st.ict.consensus approach. t.e result.ng mot.fs were validat.d using dat. from microarray expression profiling and were able t. predict.ABA-induced genes wit. high specificit. （90.48%） at.mediocre sensit.vit. （33.33%）. In addit.on, 27 genes predict.d t. cont.in ABA-responsive t.BS were validat.d using real-t.me PCR. Here, a t.t.l of 37% of t.e genes could be shown t. be induced upon ABA t.eat.ent. while 70% were found t. be regulat.d by ABA. We conclude t.at.t.e consensus approach for mot.f det.ct.on using coregulat.on informat.on can be used t. ident.fy genes t.at.are regulat.d under a given st.mulus. In t.rms of evolut.on, we find t.at.t.e ABA response has apparent.y been conserved since t.e first.land plant. on t.e level of families involved in t.anscript.onal regulat.on.

关键词： Hormone biology bioinformat.cs comparat.ve genomics gene expression t.anscript.onal cont.ol and t.an-script.on fact.rs bryophyt.s.

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t.rget.d Gene Knockout. Reveal Overlapping Funct.ons of t.e Five Physcomit.ella pat.ns Ft.Z Isoforms in Chloroplast.Division, Chloroplast.Shaping, Cell Pat.erning, Plant.Development. and Gravit. Sensing

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1359-1372页

作者： Anja Mart.n Daniel Lang Sebast.an t. hanke St.fanie J.X. Mueller Eric Sarnighausen Marco Vervliet.Scheebaum Ralf Reski Plant.Biot.chnology Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Schaenzlestr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany Cent.e for Biological Signalling St.dies (bioss) University of Freiburg Alberststr. 19 79104 Freiburg Germany Spemann Graduat. School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM) University of Freiburg Alberststr. 19A 79104 Freiburg Germany

Chloroplast. and bact.rial cells divide by binary fission. t.e key prot.in in t.is const.ict.on division is Ft.Z, a self-assembling Gt.ase similar t. eukaryot.c t.bulin. In prokaryot.s, Ft.Z is almost.always encoded by a single gene, whereas plant. harbor several nuclear-encoded Ft.Z homologs. In seed plant., t.ese prot.ins group in t.o families and all are exclusively import.d int. plast.ds. In cont.ast. t.e basal land plant.Physcomit.ella pat.ns, a moss, encodes a t.ird Ft.Z family wit. one member. t.is prot.in is dually t.rget.d t. t.e plast.ds and t. t.e cyt.sol. Here, we report.on t.e t.rget.d gene disrupt.on of all ft.Z genes in R pat.ns. Subsequent.analysis of single and double knockout.mut.nt. revealed a complex int.ract.on of t.e different.Ft.Z isoforms not.only in plast.d division, but.also in chloroplast.shaping, cell pat.erning, plant.development. and gravit. sensing. t.ese result. support.t.e concept.of a plast.skelet.n and it. funct.onal int.grat.on int. t.e cyt.skelet.n, at.least.in t.e moss R pat.ns.

关键词： Bryophyt. cell wall gravit.opism Gt.ase chloroplast plast.skelet.n P pat.ns moss.

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