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An observed nocturnal ozone transport event in the Sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 10-18页

作者： Ruyue guo Guangming Shi Dan Zhang yang Chen Chao peng Chongzhi Zhai Fumo yang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization Chengdu 610065China Chongqing Academy of Eco-Environmental Science Chongqing 401147China Research Center for Atmospheric Environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation&Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing Chongqing 401147China

The ozone(O_(3))pollution in China drew lots of attention in recent years,and the Sichuan Basin(SCB)was one of the regions confronting worsening O_(3)pollution problem.Many previous studies have shown that regional transport is an important contributor to O_(3)pollution.However,very few features of the O_(3)profile during transport have been reported,especially in the border regions between different administrative divisions.In this study,we conducted tethered balloon soundings in SCB during the summer of 2020 and captured a nocturnal O_(3)transport event during the campaign.Vertically,the O_(3)transport occurred in the bottom of the residual layer,between 200 and 500 m above ground level.Horizontally,the transport pathway was directed from southeast to northwest based on the analysis of the wind field and air mass trajectories.The effect of transport in the residual layer on the surface O_(3)concentration was related to the spatial distribution of O_(3).For cities with high O_(3)concentrations in the upwind region,the transport process would bring clean air masses and abate pollution.For downwind lightly polluted cities,the transport process would slow down the decreasing or even increase the surface O_(3)concentration during the night.We provided observational facts on the profile features of a transboundary O_(3)transport event between two provincial administrative divisions,which implicated the importance of joint prevention and control measures.However,the sounding parameters were limited and the quantitative analysis was preliminary,more integrated,and thorough studies of this topic were called for in the future.

关键词： Ozone Sichuan basin Transport event Vertical profile

Evaluation of water management on arsenic methylation and volatilization in arsenic-contaminated soils strengthened by bioaugmentation and biostimulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 515-526页

作者： peng Chen Yi Liu guo-Xin Sun State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Arsenic(As) fate in paddy fields has been one of the most significant current issues due to the strong As accumulation potential of rice plants under fooded conditions. However,no attempt was done to explore As methylation and volatilization under non-fooded conditions. Herein, we investigated the effects of water management on As methylation and volatilization in three arsenic-contaminated soils enhanced by biostimulation with strawderived organic matter and bioaugmentation with genetic engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440(GE P. putida). Under fooded conditions, the application of biochar(BC), rice straw(RS)and their combination(BC+RS) increased total As in porewater. However, these effects were greatly attenuated under non-fooded conditions. Compared with RS amendment alone, the combination of GE P. putida and RS further promoted the As methylation and volatilization,and the promotion percentage under non-fooded conditions were significantly higher than that under fooded conditions. The combined GE P. putida and RS showed the highest efficiency in As methylation(88 μg/L) and volatilization(415.4 μg/(kg·year)) in the non-fooded soil with moderate As contamination. Finally, stepwise multiple linear regression analysis presented that methylated As, DOC and p H in porewater were the most important factors contributing to As volatilization. Overall, our findings suggest that combination of bioaugmentation with GE P. putida and biostimulation with RS/BC+RS is a potential strategy for bioremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils by enhancing As methylation and volatilization under non-fooded conditions.

关键词： Arsenic methylation Arsenic volatilization Water management Straw incorporation Bioaugmentation

Light People:Prof.Eric Mazur speaks about ultrafast optics and education

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 402-406页

作者： Chenzi guo yang Li Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Prof.Eric Mazur is a great influencer over and beyond the optics community.As a physicist,he is a pioneer of ultrafast optics and was one of the inventors of colliding-pulse mode-locked laser.As an educator,he not only gave talks to thousands,but also revolutionized teaching with his globally renowned methodology“Peer Instruction”.As a leader and entrepreneur,he co-founded several companies and was President of Optica(formerly the Optical Society)and currently is the Chair of the Optica Foundation.Here,Light:Science&Applications talked with Prof.Eric Mazur about his opinions on research,education and industry.The full interview video can be found in the Supplementary File.

关键词： optics education companies

Interface optimization of graphene paper-Cu composite prepared by electrodeposition

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第1期31卷 64-73页

作者： Jing guo Hai-jing Wang Shuang-juan Liu peng Zhang Jing-yu Tang Wei-yang Zhang Han-jie guo peng-cheng Wang Cai Meng School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Advanced Technology and Materials Co. Ltd.Beijing100083China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027AnhuiChina

A room-temperature electrodeposition method with an organic electrolyte was developed to fabricate a HNO3-pretreated graphene paper Cu(GP'-Cu)composite.To improve the interfacial bonding of GP'-Cu composite,magnetron sputtering technology was used to create a"sandwich"structural gradient GP'-Cu composite.The selection of the intermediate transition layer metal was based on two-dimensional disregistry.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and other analytical methods confirmed that the addition of an intermediate transition metal(Cr,Ni)layer reduced the gap distance and enhanced the interfacial bonding of the GP'and Cu deposited layers.The GP'-Ni-Cu composite exhibited the largest increase in tensile strength and conductivity.In addition,it had the highest thermal diffusivity and elongation at break among the GP'-Cu,GP'-Cr-Cu and GP'-Ni-Cu composites.

关键词： Graphene paper Two-dimensional disregistry Magnetron sputtering Metal composite

Improving landscape connectivity through habitat restoration:application for Asian elephant conservation in Xishuangbanna Prefecture,China

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 319-335页

作者： Bin WAN Wenwen LI peng LIU Nian yang Shang CHEN Xianming guo Bin WANG Li ZHANG Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Research Center for Coastal Zone Science and Marine Development Strategy First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdaoChina School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina Research Institute of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve JinghongChina Xishuangbanna Asian Elephant Conservation and Management Center JinghongChina

Habitat restoration is an effective method for improving landscape connectivity,which can reduce habitat fragmentation.Maintaining landscape connectivity could promote connections between habitat,which is extremely essential to preserve gene flow and population viability.This study proposes a methodological framework to analyze landscape connectivity for Asian elephant habitat conservation,aiming to provide practical options for reducing habitat fragmentation and improving habitat connectivity.Our approach involved combining a species distribution model using MaxEnt and landscape functional connectivity models using graph theory to assess the impact on connectivity improvement via farmland/plantation restoration as habitat.The results showed that:(1)there were 119 suitable habitat patches of Asian elephant covering a total area of 1952.41 km^(2).(2)The connectivity between habitats improved significantly after vegetation restoration and the gain first decreased and then increased with the increase of dispersal distance.(3)The first few new habitat patches that were identified played an important role in improving connectivity,and the variation rate of connectivity gradually leveled off as the number of new habitats increased.(4)Prioritization of the 25 best new habitat patches increased connectivity from 0.54%to 5.59%as the dispersal distance increased and mainly was located between two Asian elephant distribution regions and two components.Establishment of new habitat patches was effective for improving or restoring connectivity.Our findings can be used as guidance for improving the studied fragmented Asian elephant habitats,and they can also be used as a reference for the habitat restoration of other endangered species heavily affected by habitat fragmentation.

关键词： Asian elephant connectivity habitat restoration habitat suitability landscape graphs

Innovative computational tools provide new insights into the polyploid wheat genome

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aBIOTECH 2024年第1期5卷 52-70页

作者： Yongming Chen Wenxi Wang Zhengzhao yang Huiru peng Zhongfu Ni Qixin Sun Weilong guo Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum)is an important crop and serves as a significant source of protein and calories for humans,worldwide.Nevertheless,its large and allopolyploid genome poses constraints on genetic improvement.The complex reticulate evolutionary history and the intricacy of genomic resources make the deciphering of the functional genome considerably more challenging.Recently,we have developed a comprehensive list of versatile computational tools with the integration of statistical models for dissecting the polyploid wheat genome.Here,we summarize the methodological innovations and applications of these tools and databases.A series of step-by-step examples illustrates how these tools can be utilized for dissecting wheat germplasm resources and unveiling functional genes associated with important agronomic traits.Furthermore,we outline future perspectives on new advanced tools and databases,taking into consideration the unique features of bread wheat,to accelerate genomic-assisted wheat breeding.

关键词： Polyploid wheat Genome complexity Functional genomics Tool development

Host cyclophilin A facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection by binding and stabilizing spike on virions

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 36-39页

作者： Xiangpeng Sheng Fang Zhu Hong peng Fan yang Yi yang Cong yang Zhen Wang Wei Chen Deyin guo Ronggui Hu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control Centre for Infection and Immunity StudySchool of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina ICU Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina

Dear Editor,The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolutes to increase its infectivity and transmissibility,facilitates its immune escape,impairs vaccine efficacy,and currently causes repeated infections in human,which is mainly determined by the accumulated mutations in spike(S).1 Transmembrane S is a heavily glycosylated protein on the surface of the virion as homotrimer,responsible for binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(hACE2)receptor.2 While the architecture of S trimers has been well studied,how the stability of S is regulated by potential host factors remains unknown.

关键词： ACE2 vaccine infection

Isolation and culture of human primary osteoblasts:Comparing the effects of differences in method details on osteoblast characteristics

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 546-549页

作者： Fei Chen Yan Zhang Pai peng Xiao-Ting Huang Zi-Han Qiu Bao-Cheng Liu Tie-Lin yang Bo yang Yan guo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education Biomedical Informatics & Genomics CenterSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710049China Department of Orthopaedics Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University)Xi'anShaanxi 710068China

Osteoblasts are essential in the maintenance of human bone homeostasis.1 The abnormal formation and impaired differentiation ability of osteoblasts are pivotal factors leading to bone-related diseases,suggesting that an indepth study of osteoblasts can provide novel treatment strategies for these diseases.2 Human primary osteoblasts are precious experimental models in bone-related research.3 However,the isolation and culture of human primary osteoblasts still have some difficulties and limitations.Here,we refined a method to isolate and culture human primary osteoblasts by taking cancellous bone through a bone tissue sampler and pre-digesting it with pancreatin,which makes the process easier,cheaper,and more efficient.Furthermore,we compared the effects of the subtle changes in isolation and culture methods on the phenotype of human primary osteoblasts and examined the differences in morphology,proliferation,and differentiation between micro-explants cultured osteoblasts(MECOBs)and explants cultured osteoblasts(EC-OBs).

关键词： impaired culture details

Porous garnet as filler of solid polymer electrolytes to enhance the performance of solid-state lithium batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2663-2670页

作者： yang Zhang Lei Zhang peng guo Chaoyan Zhang Xiaochuan Ren Zhen Jiang Jianjun Song Chuan Shi College of Physics Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens and Technical Textiles College of Textiles and ClothingQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China Department of Chemistry University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

In order to enhance the ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)and their structural rigidity against lithium dendrite during lithium-ion battery(LIB)cycling,we propose porous garnet Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12(LLZO),as the filler to SPEs.The porous LLZO with interlinked grains was synthesized via a resol-assisted cationic coordinative co-assembly approach.The porous structure of LLZO with high specific surface area facilitates the interaction between polymer and filler and provides sufficient entrance for Li^(+)migration into the LLZO phase.Furthermore,the interconnection of LLZO grains forms continuous inorganic pathways for fast Li^(+)migration,which avoid the multiple diffusion for Li^(+)in interface.As a result,the SPEs with porous LLZO(SPE-PL)show a high ionic conductive of 0.73 mS·cm^(-1) at 30℃ and lithium-ion transference number of 0.40.The porous LLZO with uniformly dispersed pores also acts as an ion distributor to regulate ionic flux.The lithium-symmetrical batteries assembled with SPE-PL show a highly stable Li plating/stripping cycling for nearly 3000 h at 0.1 mA·cm^(-2).The corresponding Li/LiFePO_(4) batteries also exhibit excellent cyclic performance with capacity retention of 75%after nearly 500 cycles.This work brings new insights into the design of conductive fillers and the optimization of SPEs.

关键词： solid polymer electrolytes lithium metal battery porous conductive filler solid state battery