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Method for rapid warning and activity concentration estimates in online waterγ-spectrometry systems

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 1-12页

作者： Meng Wang Yi Gu Mao-Lin Xiong liang-Quan Ge qing-Xian Zhang guo-Qiang Zeng Heng Lu Sheng-liang guo College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Chengdu University of Technology)Chengdu 610059China Chengdu New Ray Technology Co.Ltd Chengdu 610052China

Onlineγ-spectrometry systems for inland waters,most of which extract samples in situ and in real time,are able to produce reliable activity concentration measurements for waterborne radionuclides only when they are distributed relatively uniformly and enter into a steady-state diffusion regime in the measurement chamber.To protect residents’health and ensure the safety of the living environment,better timeliness is required for this measurement method.To address this issue,this study established a mathematical model of the online waterγ-spectrometry system so that rapid warning and activity estimates can be obtained for water under non-steady-state(NSS)conditions.In addition,the detection efficiency of the detector for radionuclides during the NSS diffusion process was determined by applying the computational fluid dynamics technique in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations.On this basis,a method was developed that allowed the online waterγ-spectrometry system to provide rapid warning and activity concentration estimates for radionuclides in water.Subsequent analysis of the NSS-mode measurements of^(40)K radioactive solutions with different activity concentrations determined the optimum warning threshold and measurement time for producing accurate activity concentration estimates for radionuclides.The experimental results show that the proposed NSS measurement method is able to give warning and yield accurate activity concentration estimates for radionuclides 55.42 and 69.42 min after the entry of a 10 Bq/L^(40)K radioactive solution into the measurement chamber,respectively.These times are much shorter than the 90 min required by the conventional measurement method.Furthermore,the NSS measurement method allows the measurement system to give rapid(within approximately 15 min)warning when the activity concentrations of some radionuclides reach their respective limits stipulated in the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality of the WHO,suggesting that this method considerably enhances the warning capacity of in si

关键词： Water radioactivity monitoring Dynamic detection efficiency Rapid warning Activity estimation

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All types of base conversions allowed by base editors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 431-433页

作者： Shun-qing liang Wen Xue RNA Therapeutics Institute UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer BiologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA Department of Molecular Medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA

Base editors(BEs) hold great promise as tools for introducing single-base-pair changes in both basic research and therapeutic applications(Rees and Liu,2018).Base editors are composed of a Cas9 nickase fused to a DNA-modifying enzyme,which chemically modifies nucleobases within a specific targeting window near the Cas9-binding site.

关键词： base bases allowed

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Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity of eye infections in Suzhou

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第4期17卷 700-706页

作者： Li Zhang Hai-Zhang You guo-Hui Wang Wei Xu Jian-Shan Li qing-liang Zhao Shu Du Department of Hospital-Acquired Infection Control Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215021Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Administrative Office Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215021Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Laboratory Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215021Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215021Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Corneal and Lacrimal Passage Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215021Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Fundus Diseases and Ocular Trauma Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215021Jiangsu ProvinceChina

AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study,and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 155 patients(age from 12 to 87 years old,with an average age of 57,99 males and 56 females)with eye infections(160 eyes:74 in the left eye,76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes,all of which were exogenous),71(45.81%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,23(14.84%)strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61(39.35%)strains were fungi.Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin(78.87%and 46.48%respectively),but least resistant to vancomycin at 0.Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole(100%and 95.65%respectively),but least resistant to meropenem at 0.Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the resistance of both to cefoxitin,cotrimoxazole,levofloxacin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and ceftazidime,and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria.The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva,cornea,aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts.Besides,Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections,followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Considering the resistance of gramnegative bacteria to multiple drugs,monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.

关键词： eye infection pathogenic bacteria drug resistance antimicrobial sensitivity test

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Escape probability for isotropic emitters near Kerr black hole with astrometric

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 128-133页

作者： Yu-Xuan Han qing-Hua Zhu qing-guo Huang CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19A Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China Department of Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China

The paper investigates the escape probability for isotropic emitters near a Kerr black hole.We propose a new approach to obtain the escape probability in a general manner,going beyond previous case-by-case studies.This approach is based on studies of the black hole shadow with astrometric observable and can be applied to emitters with an arbitrary 4-velocities and locations,even to the emitters outside of the equatorial plane.We also consider representative examples illustrating how escape probabilities vary with distance,velocity,and inclination angle.Overall,this new approach provides an effective method for studying escape probabilities near Kerr black holes.

关键词： Kerr black hole photon escape probability isotropic emitters

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Recent progresses in the development of tubular segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cells:Experimental and numerical study

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第3期31卷 427-442页

作者： Shuo Han Tao Wei Sijia Wang Yanlong Zhu Xingtong guo liang He Xiongzhuang Li qing Huang Daifen Chen School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)have attracted a great deal of interest because they have the highest efficiency without using any noble metal as catalysts among all the fuel cell technologies.However,traditional SOFCs suffer from having a higher volume,current leakage,complex connections,and difficulty in gas sealing.To solve these problems,Rolls-Royce has fabricated a simple design by stacking cells in series on an insulating porous support,resulting in the tubular segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cells(SIS-SOFCs),which achieved higher output voltage.This work systematically reviews recent advances in the structures,preparation methods,perform-ances,and stability of tubular SIS-SOFCs in experimental and numerical studies.Finally,the challenges and future development of tubular SIS-SOFCs are also discussed.The findings of this work can help guide the direction and inspire innovation of future development in this field.

关键词： solid oxide fuel cell segmented-in-series tubular experimental study numerical study

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Alzheimer’s disease early diagnostic and staging biomarkers revealed by large-scale cerebrospinal fluid and serum proteomic profiling

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 118-126页

作者： qing-qing Tao Xue Cai Yan-Yan Xue Weigang Ge liang Yue Xiao-Yan Li Rong-Rong Lin guo-Ping Peng Wenhao Jiang Sainan Li Kun-Mu Zheng Bin Jiang Jian-Ping Jia Tiannan guo Zhi-Ying Wu Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310009China liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311100China Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzho 310024China Department of Neurology First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310009China Department of Neurology First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamen 361009China Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijing 100053China MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration School of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Shanghai 200031China

Amyloid-b,tau pathology,and biomarkers of neurodegeneration make up the core diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer disease(AD).However,these proteins represent only a fraction of the complex biological processes underlying AD,and individuals with other brain diseases in which AD pathology is a comorbidity also test positive for these diagnostic biomarkers.More ADspecific early diagnostic and disease staging biomarkers are needed.In this study,we performed tandem mass tag proteomic analysis of paired cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and serum samples in a discovery cohort comprising 98 participants.Candidate biomarkers were validated by parallel reaction monitoring–based targeted proteomic assays in an independent multicenter cohort comprising 288 participants.We quantified 3,238 CSF and 1,702 serum proteins in the discovery cohort,identifying 171 and 860 CSF proteins and 37 and 323 serum proteins as potential early diagnostic and staging biomarkers,respectively.In the validation cohort,58 and 21 CSF proteins,as well as 12 and 18 serum proteins,were verified as early diagnostic and staging biomarkers,respectively.Separate 19-protein CSF and an 8-protein serum biomarker panels were built by machine learning to accurately classify mild cognitive impairment(MCI)due to AD from normal cognition with areas under the curve of 0.984 and 0.881,respectively.The 19-protein CSF biomarker panel also effectively discriminated patients with MCI due to AD from patients with other neurodegenerative diseases.Moreover,we identified 21 CSF and 18 serum stage-associated proteins re-flecting AD stages.Our findings provide a foundation for developing bloodbased tests for AD screening and staging in clinical practice.

关键词： cerebrospinal Alzheimer fluid

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Confluence of asymmetric catalysis and electrosynthesis in sustainable chemical transformations

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 755-758页

作者： qinglin Zhang Kang liang Chang guo Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Electrosynthesis has gained widespread recognition for its extraordinary ability to precisely control the redox process.This outstanding capability enables the direct conversion of non-functionalized substrates into reactive intermediates by utilizing easily accessible starting materials, eliminating the need for preliminary functionalization procedures and allowing for unconventional bond activations.

关键词： Confluence of asymmetric catalysis and electrosynthesis in sustainable chemical transformations

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Fasudil-modified macrophages reduce inflammation and regulate the immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 671-679页

作者： Chunyun Liu Shangde guo Rong Liu Minfang guo qing Wang Zhi Chai Baoguo Xiao Cungen Ma Institute of Brain Science Shanxi Datong UniversityDatongShanxi ProvinceChina The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Cireulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology Shanxi University of Chinese MedicineTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Institute of Neurology Huashan HospitalInstitutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination and neuronal loss caused by inflammatory cell activation and infiltration into the central nervous system.Macrophage polarization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,a traditional experimental model of multiple sclerosis.This study investigated the effect of Fasudil on macrophages and examined the therapeutic potential of Fasudil-modified macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.We found that Fasudil induced the conversion of macrophages from the pro-inflammatory M1 type to the anti-inflammatory M2 type,as shown by reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide,interleukin-12,and CD16/32 and increased expression of arginase-1,interleukin-10,CD14,and CD206,which was linked to inhibition of Rho kinase activity,decreased expression of toll-like receptors,nuclear factor-κB,and components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,and generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Crucially,Fasudil-modified macrophages effectively decreased the impact of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,resulting in later onset of disease,lower symptom scores,less weight loss,and reduced demyelination compared with unmodified macrophages.In addition,Fasudil-modified macrophages decreased interleukin-17 expression on CD4^(+)T cells and CD16/32,inducible nitric oxide synthase,and interleukin-12 expression on F4/80^(+)macrophages,as well as increasing interleukin-10 expression on CD4^(+)T cells and arginase-1,CD206,and interleukin-10 expression on F4/80^(+)macrophages,which improved immune regulation and reduced inflammation.These findings suggest that Fasudil-modified macrophages may help treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting the inflammatory response,thereby providing new insight into cell immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis.

关键词： anti-inflammatory experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Fasudil macrophage multiple sclerosis pro-inflammatory Rho kinase

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Designing salt stress-resilient crops:Current progress and future challenges

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 303-329页

作者： Xiaoyan liang Jianfang Li Yongqing Yang Caifu Jiang Yan guo State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100194China Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Excess soil salinity affects large regions of land and is a major hindrance to crop production worldwide.Therefore,understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance has scientific importance and practical significance.In recent decades,studies have characterized hundreds of genes associated with plant responses to salt stress in different plant species.These studies have substantially advanced our molecular and genetic understanding of salt tolerance in plants and have introduced an era of molecular design breeding of salt-tolerant crops.This review summarizes our current knowledge of plant salt tolerance,emphasizing advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of osmotic stress tolerance,salt-ion transport and compartmentalization,oxidative stress tolerance,alkaline stress tolerance,and the trade-off between growth and salt tolerance.We also examine recent advances in understanding natural variation in the salt tolerance of crops and discuss possible strategies and challenges for designing salt stress-resilient crops.We focus on the model plant Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)and the four most-studied crops:rice(Oryza sativa),wheat(Triticum aestivum),maize(Zea mays),and soybean(Glycine max).

关键词： molecular design breeding salt stress-resilient crop salt tolerance

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The journey towards physiology and pathology: Tracing the path of neuregulin 4

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 687-700页

作者： Min Chen Jieying Zhu Hongyang Luo Wangjing Mu liang guo School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4),an epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member,can bind to and activate the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase.Nrg4 has five different isoforms by alternative splicing and performs a wide variety of functions.Nrg4 is involved in a spectrum of physiological processes including neurobiogenesis,lipid metabolism,glucose metabolism,thermogenesis,and angiogenesis.In pathological processes,Nrg4 inhibits inflammatory factor levels and suppresses apoptosis in inflammatory diseases.In addition,Nrg4 could ameliorate obesity,insulin resistance,and cardiovascular diseases.Furthermore,Nrg4 improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by promoting autophagy,improving lipid metabolism,and inhibiting cell death of hepatocytes.Besides,Nrg4 is closely related to the development of cancer,hyperthyroidism,and some other diseases.Therefore,elucidation of the functional role and mechanisms of Nrg4 will provide a clearer view of the therapeutic potential and possible risks of Nrg4.

关键词： Angiogenesis Cardiovascular diseases Inflammation Insulin resistance Lipid and glucose metabolism NAFLD Neurobiogenesis Obesity

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