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Epistatic interactions between pterin and carotenoid genes modulate intra-morph color variation in a lizard

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 44-53页

作者： Prem AGUILAR Pedro ANDRADE guillem PÉREZ I DE LANUZA CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal Ethology Lab Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain

Color polymorphisms have become a major topic in evolutionary biology and substantial efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for originating such colorful systems.Within-morph continuous variation,on the other hand,has been neglected in most of the studies.Here,we combine spectrophotometric/visual modeling and genetic data to study the mechanisms promoting continuous variation within categorical color morphs of Podarcis muralis.Our results suggest that intra-morph variability in the pterin-based orange morph is greater compared to white and yellow morphs.We also show that continuous variation within the orange morph is partially discriminable by conspecifics.Genotyping results indicate that allelic variants at the BCO2 locus(responsible for deposition of yellow carotenoids)contribute to generate continuous variation in orange individuals.However,other intrinsic and/or extrinsic mechanisms,such as body size,might be involved,opening a new avenue for future research on the drivers of continuous variation within-morphs.

关键词： BCO2 color polymorphism continuous variation lizard Podarcis muralis

Mapping the technology footprint in design for social innovation

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2022年第3期6卷 216-227页

作者： Chuan Li guillem Bacete Research Unit for Economics of Culture and Tourism Applied Economics DepartmentUniversity of ValenciaValencia46010Spain

Technology and design are increasingly recognized as important drivers of social innovation(SI).While new-age technologies can disrupt the realm of social innovation through resource-efficient solutions and multiple outcome benefits,the appliction of design thinking approaches and techniques can enhance the potential for SI through humancentered participatory processes and a socially shared vision and impact.Despite extensive research focusing on SI practices driven by technology and design respectively,few studies have concentrated on the synergistic effects of technology and design in the field of SI.This paper addresses this gap through an exploratory study on the incorporation and role of technology in the practice of design for SI.By applying the mapping approach to a sample of 81 Design-enabled Innovation(DEI)pilot projects in the DESIGNSCAPES project,the distribution,hosts and manifestations of technology footprints are identified,taking into account the multi-phase innovation processes and multifaceted role of design.Our findings suggest that in design-supported SI,technology can be integrated in a systematic and conventional manner across a range of domains related to people,interactions,contexts,and artefacts and that its interaction with design actions is highly dependent on the different roles of design,followed by a further discussion of a conceptual argument regarding the possible role of technology in supporting design for SI.Based on these findings and results,the article concludes with the limitations of the study and possible theoretical and managerial implications.

关键词： Social innovation Technologyfootprint Design-enabled innovation Design approach Designforsocial innovation Mapping approach

Viability,behavior,and color expression in the offspring of matings between common wall lizard Podarcis muralis color morphs

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 41-55页

作者： Javier ABALOS guillem PEREZ I DE LANUZA Alicia BARTOLOME Fabien AUBRET Tobias ULLER Enrique FONT Ethology Lab Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biologı´a EvolutivaUniversitat de ValenciaValenciaSpain CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal SETE Station d’Ecologie Theorique et ExperimentaleUPR2001Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParisFrance Department of Biology Lund UniversityLundSweden

Color polymorphisms are widely studied to identify the mechanisms responsible for the origin and maintenance of phenotypic variability in nature.Two of the mechanisms of balancing selection currently thought to explain the long-term persistence of polymorphisms are the evolution of alternative phenotypic optima through correlational selection on suites of traits including color and heterosis.Both of these mechanisms can generate differences in offspring viability and fitness arising from different morph combinations.Here,we examined the effect of parental morph combination on fertilization success,embryonic viability,newborn quality,antipredator,and foraging behavior,as well as inter-annual survival by conducting controlled matings in a polymorphic lacertid Podarcis muralis,where color morphs are frequently assumed to reflect alternative phenotypic optima(e.g.,alternative reproductive strategies).Juveniles were kept in outdoor tubs for a year in order to study inter-annual growth,survival,and morph inheritance.In agreement with a previous genome-wide association analysis,morph frequencies in the year-old juveniles matched the frequencies expected if orange and yellow expressions depended on recessive homozygosity at 2 separate loci.Our findings also agree with previous literature reporting higher reproductive output of heavy females and the higher overall viability of heavy newborn lizards,but we found no evidence for the existence of alternative breeding investment strategies in female morphs,or morphcombination effects on offspring viability and behavior.We conclude that inter-morph breeding remains entirely viable and genetic incompatibilities are of little significance for the maintenance of discrete color morphs in P.muralis from the Pyrenees.

关键词： alternative breeding strategies color polymorphism controlled matings lizard behavior morph ontogeny newborn viability

Reducing bacterial adhesion to titanium surfaces using low intensity alternating electrical pulses

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第6期13卷 578-586页

作者： Marti Bernaus Jordi guillem-Marti Adrian Bermúdez-Castel Jose Antonio Calero Diego Torres Margarita Veloso Lluís Font-Vizcarra Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Osteoarticular Infection UnitHospital Universitari Mutua TerrassaTerrassa 08221Spain Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Universitat Politecnica de CatalunyaBarcelona 08930Spain Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politecnica de CatalunyaBarcelona 08930Spain Innovative Minds S.L.Terrassa 08224Spain AMES PM Tech Center Sant Vicençdels Horts 08980Spain

BACKGROUND Orthopedic implant-related infection remains one of the most serious complications after orthopedic surgery.In recent years,there has been an increased scientific interest to improve prevention and treatment strategies.However,many of these strategies have focused on chemical measures.AIM To analyze the effect of alternating current electrical fields on bacterial adherence to titanium surfaces.METHODS Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)were exposed to 6.5 V electrical currents at different frequencies:0.5 Hz,0.1 Hz,and 0.05 Hz.After exposure,a bacterial count was then performed and compared to the control model.Other variables registered included the presence of electrocoagulation of the medium,electrode oxidation and/or corrosion,and changes in pH of the medium.RESULTS The most effective electrical model for reducing S.aureus adhesion was 6.5 V alternating current at 0.05 Hz achieving a 90%adhesion reduction rate.For E.coli,the 0.05 Hz frequency model also showed the most effective results with a 53%adhesion reduction rate,although these were significantly lower than S.aureus.Notable adhesion reduction rates were observed for S.aureus and E.coli in the studied conditions.However,the presence of electrode oxidation makes us presume these conditions are not optimal for in vivo use.CONCLUSION Although our findings suggest electrical currents may be useful in preventing bacterial adhesion to metal surfaces,further research using other electrical conditions must be examined to consider their use for in vivo trials.

关键词： Electrical fields Bacterial adhesion Orthopedic infection Titanium Metal surfaces

Morphological determinants of jumping performance in the Iberian green frog

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 417-424页

作者： Gregorio Moreno-Rueda Abelardo Requeinia-Blaimco Francisco J.Zamora-Camacho Mar Comas guillem Pascual Departamento de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranadaE-18071Spain Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNH03055USA Galanthus/Ctra.de Juia 46.17460 CelraSpain

Predation is one of the main selective forces in nature, frequently selecting potential prey for developing escape strategies. Escape ability is typically influenced by several morphological parameters, such as morphology of the locomotor appendices, muscular capacity, body mass, or fluctuating asymmetry, and may differ between sexes and age classes. In this study, we tested the relationship among these variables and jumping performance in 712 Iberian green frogs Pelophylax perezi from an urban population. The results suggest that the main determinant of jumping capacity was body size (explaining 48% of variance). Larger frogs jumped farther, but jumping performance reached an asymptote for the largest frogs. Once controlled by structural body size, the heaviest frogs jumped shorter distances, suggesting a trade-off between fat storage and jumping performance. Relative hind limb length also determined a small but significant percentage of variance (2.4%) in jumping performance-that is, the longer the hind limbs, the greater the jumping capacity. Juveniles had relatively shorter and less muscular hind limbs than adults (for a given body size), and their jumping performance was poorer. In our study population, the hind limbs of the frogs were very symmetrical, and we found no effect of fluctuating asymmetry on jumping performance. Therefore, our study provides evidence that jumping performance in frogs is not only affected by body size, but also by body mass and hind limb length, and differ between age classes.

关键词： body mass fluctuating asymmetry hind limb length hind limb width locomotor performance morphometry

Chemical deception among ant social parasites

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 62-75页

作者： Rhian M. guillem Falko DRIJFHOUT Stephen J. MARTIN Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffieid S 10 2TN UK Chemical Ecology Group School of Physical and Geographical Sciences Lennard-Jones Laboratory Keele University ST5 5BG UK School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Manchester M5 4WT UK

Deception is widespread throughout the animal kingdom and various deceptive strategies are exemplified by social parasites. These are species of ants, bees and wasps that have evolved to invade, survive and reproduce within a host colony of another social species. This is achieved principally by chemical deception that tricks the host workers into treating the invading parasite as their own kin. Achieving levels of acceptance into typically hostile host colonies requires an amazing level of deception as social insects have evolved complex species- and colony-specific recognition systems. This allows the detection of foreigners, both hetero- and con-specific. Therefore, social parasitic ants not only have to overcome the unique species recognition profiles that each ant species produces, but also the subtle variations in theses profiles which generate the colony-specific profiles. We present data on the level of chemical similarity between social parasites and their hosts in four different systems and then discuss these data in the wider context with previous studies, especially in respect to using multivariate statistical methods when looking for differences in these systems.

关键词：社会性寄生虫欺骗性蚂蚁化学识别系统多元统计方法配置文件

Evaluation of Terra/MODIS atmospheric profiles product(MOD07)over the Iberian Peninsula:a comparison with radiosonde stations

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第10期8卷 771-783页

作者： JoséA.Sobrino Juan C.Jiménez-Muñoz Cristian Mattar guillem Sòria Global Change Unit–Image Processing Laboratory University of ValenciaValenciaSpain Laboratory for Analysis of the Biosphere Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile

Remote sensing techniques are a useful tool for continuous observation of the Earth at global scale.However,products derived from remote sensing data require a rigorous validation using in situ data.Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)is not really a sounding instrument,but it does have 16 infrared bands(bands 20-36 covering the spectral range from 3μm to 14μm)that allow the retrieval of temperature and moisture profiles as well as total column integrated magnitudes.In this paper we show the results obtained in the evaluation of MOD07 daytime and nighttime products over the Iberian Peninsula during the decade from 2000 to 2010 using nine radiosonde stations.Although MODIS limitations in comparison with other sounding instruments,the validation provided satisfactory results,with bias(MOD07 minus radiosonde)<0.3 cm and a standard deviation of 0.5 cm for the total column water vapor,and bias around 1 K on average with standard deviations between 2 K and 3 K for air temperature at different pressure levels.On average,bias was positive and below 2 K with standard deviations around 5 K for the dew point temperature case.Large errors were found in this case for pressure levels higher than 50 hPa.

关键词： MODIS MOD07 atmospheric profiles water vapor air temperature dew point temperature

The scaffold protein menin is essential for activating the MYC locus and MYC-mediated androgen receptor transcription in androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer cells

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Cancer Communications 2021年第12期41卷 1427-1430页

作者： Yakun Luo Virginie Vlaeminck-guillem Romain Teinturier Razan Abou Ziki Philippe Bertolino Muriel Le Romancer Chang Xian Zhang Department of Tumor Escape Resistance and ImmunityUniversitéLyonUniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1INSERM 1052CNRS 5286Centre Léon BérardCentre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonLyon 69008France Centre de Biologie Sud Hôpital Lyon SudHospices Civils de LyonPierre-Bénite 69310France

Dear Editor,The proto-oncogene MYC has a well-documented role in driving androgen receptor(AR)oncogenic functions in prostate cancer(PCa cells)[1]and was recently reported as a key activator in the regulation of AR transcription[2].Dissecting the mechanisms underlying MYC-mediated AR regulation may be crucial for better understanding PCa development and improving its management.We recently demonstrated that menin,encoded by the MEN1 gene,plays an oncosuppressive role in the generation of ARlow/CD44+microinvasive prostate adenocarcinoma in mice but exerts oncogenic effects specifically in ARdependent human PCa cells,both likely by modulating AR transcription and AR targets[3].We herein wondered whether this oncogenic function of menin would occur through its interaction with other factors known to play a crucial role forAR transcription in PCa,in particular,MYC.

关键词： cancer likely MYC

Modern management of rectal cancer: A 2006 update

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3186-3195页

作者： Glen C Balch Alex De Meo Jose G guillem Colorectal Service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10021 United States

The goal of this review is to outline some of the important surgical issues surrounding the management of patients with early (T1/T2 and NO), as well as locally advanced (T3/T4 and/or N1) rectal cancer. Surgery for rectal cancer continues to develop towards the ultimate goals of improved local control and overall survival, maintaining quality of life, and preserving sphincter, genitourinary, and sexual function. Information concerning the depth of tumor penetration through the rectal wall, lymph node involvement, and presence of distant metastatic disease is of crucial importance when planning a curative rectal cancer resection. Preoperative staging is used to determine the indication for neoadjuvant therapy as well as the indication for local excision versus radical cancer resection. Local excision is likely to be curative in most patients with a primary tumor which is limited to the submucosa (T1N0M0), without high-risk features and in the absence of metastatic disease. In appropriate patients, minimally invasive procedures, such as local excision, TEM, and laparoscopic resection allow for improved patient comfort, shorter hospital stays, and earlier return to preoperative activity level. Once the tumor invades the muscularis propria (T2), radical rectal resection in acceptable operative candidates is recommended. In patients with transmural and/or node positive disease (T3/T4 and/or N1) with no distant metastases, preoperative chemoradiation followed by radical resection according to the principles of TME has become widely accepted. During the planning and conduct of a radical operation for a locally advanced rectal cancer, a number of surgical management issues are considered, including: (1) total mesorectal excision (TME); (2) autonomic nerve preservation (ANP); (3) circumferential resection margin (CRM); (4) distal resection margin; (5) sphincter preservation and options for restoration of bowel continuity; (6) laparoscopic approaches; and (7) postoperative quality of life.

关键词：直肠癌手术治疗肿瘤切除手术临床表现