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太湖流域上游水源性水库水体脱氮潜力时空变化特征及其管理意义——以天目湖沙河水库为例

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湖泊科学 2024年第1期36卷 112-122页

作者：王子聪许海朱广伟朱慧张铮惠中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室南京210008 江南大学环境与土木工程学院无锡214122 江苏省无锡市河湖治理和水资源管理中心无锡214031

氮是湖库富营养化的重要影响因子,水体溶解性氮气饱和度在一定程度上指征着水体的脱氮潜力。为探究太湖流域上游水源型水库脱氮潜力的时空变化特征,该研究选择天目湖沙河水库为研究对象,于2021年2月2022年1月进行了为期一周年的逐月监测... 详细信息

氮是湖库富营养化的重要影响因子,水体溶解性氮气饱和度在一定程度上指征着水体的脱氮潜力。为探究太湖流域上游水源型水库脱氮潜力的时空变化特征,该研究选择天目湖沙河水库为研究对象,于2021年2月2022年1月进行了为期一周年的逐月监测,采集不同点位分层水样,利用膜接口质谱仪结合氮氩比法测定水体溶解性氮气浓度,并计算氮气饱和度。结果显示,沙河水库年均氮气饱和度为0.997,总体处于氮饱和状态(氮气饱和度为1),从季节上看,除冬季外,水体氮气饱和度几乎均>1,且随着温度的升高氮气饱和度也升高;空间上,表现为下游>中游>上游,底层>表层,即下游以及底层沉积物表现出更强的脱氮能力。线性回归分析表明,潜在脱氮速率与氮气饱和度拟合效果较好,表明氮气饱和度在一定程度上可以反映沙河水库的脱氮速率;相关性分析与逐步多元线性回归分析显示,氮气饱和度与总氮呈显著正相关,与溶解氧浓度呈显著负相关,说明合适的环境条件有利于脱氮作用的进行,进而使得水体溶解性氮气过饱和。7月极端的降雨与采样前连续的高温天气使得该月成为夏秋季溶解氮气均过饱和的例外,氮气饱和度与水温也失去统计上的相关。在溶解氮气普遍过饱和的夏秋季节,脱氮过程使得水体氮浓度较低,藻类生长受到氮限制,在该期间应积极控氮以限制藻类生长,抑制水华的发生。

关键词：富营养化水库反硝化作用固氮作用 N_(2)∶Ar

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我国城市水源水库水质风险成因及对策

湖泊科学 2024年第1期36卷 1-16页

作者：朱广伟许海朱梦圆肖曼国超旋邹伟张运林秦伯强中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室/湖泊与流域水安全全国重点实验室南京210008

我国城市水源中约40%为湖泊或水库,且大部分为水库,因此水源水库的水质状况对我国城市安全极其关键。本文综述了我国水源水库水质问题研究进展,分析了22个代表性水源水库的周年水质状况。结果发现,当前我国城市水源水库水质风险类型主... 详细信息

我国城市水源中约40%为湖泊或水库,且大部分为水库,因此水源水库的水质状况对我国城市安全极其关键。本文综述了我国水源水库水质问题研究进展,分析了22个代表性水源水库的周年水质状况。结果发现,当前我国城市水源水库水质风险类型主要是异味问题、藻类水华、铁锰超标、有机质偏高、营养盐超标等。引发水源水库水质问题的主要原因包括流域开发强度过大、库底淤积及内源释放、生态系统结构失衡、气候与水文异常变化等。针对上述主要问题,提出了构建在线水质监测预警体系、控制流域土地开发强度、构建面源拦截及流域净化系统、疏浚底泥、优化生态系统结构、实施应急曝气与控藻工程、完善流域生态保护法律法规等多种水源水库水质安全保障技术措施。鉴于水源水库水质及水生态对暴雨、高温热浪等极端气象响应敏感而复杂,在当前极端天气事件频发、强度不断增加的气候背景下,还应加强水库生态学基础研究,以深入理解水源水库水质对气候变化的响应机制,提高水库水安全保障科技支撑能力,满足我国城市高质量发展的水资源需求。

关键词：水源地水库嗅味物质藻类水华生物操纵水安全

东南丘陵山区深水水库两种浮床植物脱氮效率对比研究

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湖泊科学 2024年第1期36卷 123-136页

作者：倪子怡许海詹旭程新良王裕成朱广伟朱梦圆邹伟孙起亮中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室南京210008 江南大学环境与土木工程学院无锡214122 浙江省杭州市生态环境局淳安分局杭州311700 浙江省杭州市桐庐县环境保护监测站桐庐311500

为探究东南丘陵山区深水水库中生态浮床技术深度脱氮的效率及管理措施,以大型山谷型深水水库千岛湖为例,选取湿生植物空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica)和水生植物粉绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum),采用生态浮床技术,开展了原位模拟实验对比... 详细信息

为探究东南丘陵山区深水水库中生态浮床技术深度脱氮的效率及管理措施,以大型山谷型深水水库千岛湖为例,选取湿生植物空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica)和水生植物粉绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum),采用生态浮床技术,开展了原位模拟实验对比研究,探究不同营养盐浓度和光强下两种植物的生长状况与氮素去除效率。结果发现:(1)空心菜长势受营养盐和光照条件影响明显,添加氮磷后(TN=2.37 mg/L,TP=0.046 mg/L)的空心菜生物量是原位水体(TN=0.66mg/L,TP=0.028 mg/L)的1.6倍,适当遮光有助于浮床植物生长,40%遮光条件下空心菜的生物量是不遮光条件下的1.5倍;而粉绿狐尾藻生长受营养盐和光照条件影响均较小。(2)空心菜对于水体氮素净化能力显著高于粉绿狐尾藻,在最佳条件下空心菜和粉绿狐尾藻对氮素的去除效率分别达到213.30和44.23 mg/(m^(2)·d)。(3)空心菜去除氮主要以植物同化作用为主,占70%以上TN去除量,40%遮光环境通过明显提升空心菜同化吸收氮量和根系反硝化速率增强了氮的去除能力;粉绿狐尾藻同化吸收和反硝化脱氮作用各占50%左右,以遮光75%下脱氮效果最好。本研究表明,采用生态浮床技术能够强化深水水库的脱氮能力,空心菜更适合在氮浓度较高的水体生长,夏季为空心菜和粉绿狐尾藻浮床分别进行40%和75%的遮光处理将有更好的水质净化效果。因此,在滨岸湿地匮乏的深水水库实施多种植物搭配的生态浮床技术强化水体脱氮作用是一种行之有效的水质改善方法。

关键词：生态浮床反硝化千岛湖光照营养盐浓度

The nutrient forms, cycling and exchange flux in the sediment and overlying water system in lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 1-13页

作者： QIN Boqiang zhu guangwei Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

This paper is a review of research works concerning the nutrient transportation, transformation and exchange between water, sediment and biota in the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River conducted in the context of project entitled 'The Processes and Mechanism of Lake Eutrophication in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River'. All the lakes from this area are shallow lakes. According to the typical lake site research, the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River have a higher baseline of nutrition in the history. Normally the trophic status of these lakes can be categorized into medium-trophic or eutrophic. Human activities have been enhanced during the last decades, which speed up the lake eutrophic process. Lake eutrophication control needs to reduce not only the external nutrient inputs from watershed but also the internal loading from the sediments. Investigations revealed that the lake sediments in this area are considerablly high in nutrition in which at most about 30% of phosphorus exists in the form of bio-available in the sediment. The surface sediment will exert great effects on the nutrient exchange between water-sediment interface via adsorption and release of nutrient. The nutrient release from the sediment in these shallow lakes is mainly in two ways, i.e. in the undisturbed condition the nutrient is released through diffusion created by the nutrient gradient from sediment to overlying water; whereas in disturbed condition, the nutrient release is determined by the hydrodynamic forcing intensity and the sediment resuspension. Metallic elements such as the iron, manganese and aluminium and the aerobic-anaerobic ambience will affect the release of nutrients. The disturbed release will increase the total nutrients in the water column significantly in the short period. At the beginning of sediment resuspension, the dissolved nutrient concentration will increase. This increase will be damped if the ferric oxide and

关键词： shallow lakes, nutrient baseline, internal nutrient release, microbial effects.

1987—2022年新安江水库(千岛湖)水面面积时空变化及其与水位、蓄水量的响应关系

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湖泊科学 2024年第3期36卷 913-926页

作者：王嘉诚李渊施坤朱广伟张运林李慧赟朱梦圆郭宇龙张芝镪浙江工商大学旅游与城乡规划学院杭州310018 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049 河南农业大学资源与环境学院郑州450002

水面面积、水位、蓄水量是水库水资源管理的重要基础数据,遥感是湖库水体提取、水位和蓄水量估算的重要技术手段。由于不同水体提取方法的适用性差异、测高卫星数据的有限时间覆盖度和开源数据集的时空分辨率不足等原因,湖库水面面积、... 详细信息

水面面积、水位、蓄水量是水库水资源管理的重要基础数据,遥感是湖库水体提取、水位和蓄水量估算的重要技术手段。由于不同水体提取方法的适用性差异、测高卫星数据的有限时间覆盖度和开源数据集的时空分辨率不足等原因,湖库水面面积、水位、蓄水量的长时序、高频率时空变化监测仍存在一定挑战。本研究以新安江水库为研究区,结合多源遥感、气象、水文和土地利用等数据,基于Google Earth Engine云平台,运用水体指数法,分析1987—2022年新安江水库水面面积时空变化特征,构建水位—水面面积、水位—蓄水量和水面面积—蓄水量响应关系,探究水面面积时空变化成因。结果表明:(1)Landsat 5、Landsat 8和哨兵2号数据的最佳水体提取指数分别为AWEIsh和GNDWI,F1-score分别为91.93%、91.03%和93.14%。相比于开放数据集GSWED(32.61%)、JRC GSW(76.17%)和ReaLSAT(69.76%),基于最优水体指数的水体提取结果具有最高的F1-score(91.26%);(2)时间上,1987—2022年新安江水库水面面积呈显著上升趋势(R^(2)=0.20,P=0.01),总体增长速率为0.96 km^(2)/a;空间上,永久性水体(淹没频率大于75%)面积占比为73.44%,主要分布在湖心等水体开阔区域;季节性水体(淹没频率>25%且≤75%)面积占比为10.17%,主要分布在湖汊区域;(3)三次多项式函数可以较好地模拟新安江水库水位—水面面积、水位—蓄水量和水面面积—蓄水量的响应关系;(4)千岛湖流域上游降水和人类活动导致的土地利用变化是影响新安江水库水面面积动态变化的主要因素。

关键词：新安江水库水体指数水面面积水位蓄水量

In-situ observations of internal dissolved heavy metal release in relation to sediment suspension in lake Taihu, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第11期32卷 120-131页

作者： Tingfeng Wu guangwei zhu Jianghai Chen Tengteng Yang State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Shanghai Investigation Design&Research Institute Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200434China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Despite laboratory experiments that have been performed to study internal heavy metal release,our understanding of how heavy metals release in shallow eutrophic lakes remains limited for lacking in-situ *** study used automatic environmental sensors and a water sampling system to conduct high-frequency in-situ observations(1-hr intervals)of water environmental variables and to collect water samples(3-hr intervals),with which to examine the release of internal heavy metals in Lake Taihu,*** conditions of disturbance by strong northerly winds,sediment resuspension in both the estuary area and the lake center caused particulate heavy metal ***,the patterns of concentrations of dissolved heavy metals in these two areas were *** concentrations of dissolved Se and Mo increased in both areas,indicating that release of internal dissolved Se and Mo is triggered by sediment *** concentrations of dissolved Ni,Zn,As,Mn,Cu,V,and Co tended to increase in the estuary area but decrease in the lake *** different trends between these two areas were controlled by pH and cyanobacteria,which are related to *** the strong northerly winds,the decrease in concentrations of dissolved heavy metals in the lake center was attributable primarily to absorption by the increased suspended solids,and to growth-related assimilation or surface adsorption by the increased *** findings of this study suggest that,short-term changes of environmental conditions are very important in relation to reliable monitoring and risk assessment of heavy metals in shallow eutrophic lakes.

关键词： Heavy metals Sediment suspension Process observation Eutrophication

Responses of alkaline phosphatase activity to wind-driven waves in a large,shallow lake:Implications for phosphorus availability and algal blooms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 143-150页

作者： Jian Zhou Xiaoxia Han Boqiang Qin guangwei zhu Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnuvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Laboratory and Analytical Testing Center Jiangsu Academy of Enuironmental Sciences Environmental Technology Co.LtdNanjing 210036China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Phosphorus is a vital nutrient for algal growth,thus,a better understanding of phosphorus availability is essential to mitigate harmful algal blooms in *** waves are a ubiquitous characteristic of lake ***,its effects on the cycling of organic phosphorus and its usage by phytoplankton remain poorly elucidated in shallow eutrophic lakes.A mesocosm experiment was carried out to investigate the responses of alkaline phosphatase activity fractions to wind waves in large,shallow,eutrophic Lake *** showed that wind-driven waves induced the release of alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus from the sediment,and dramatically enhanced phytoplanktonic alkaline phosphatase ***,compared to the calm conditions,bacterial and dissolved alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in wind-wave ***,the gene copies of Microcystis phoX increased but bacterial phoX decreased under wind-wave *** ecological effects of these waves on phosphorus and phytoplankton likely accelerated the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus and promoted phytoplankton production in Lake *** study provides an improved current understanding of phosphorus availability and the phosphorus strategies of plankton in shallow,eutrophic lakes.

关键词： Wind waves Alkaline phosphatase activity Phosphorus Plankton phoX

Phosphorus forms and bioavailability of lake sediments in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 28-37页

作者： zhu guangwei QIN Boqiang ZHANG Lu Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Forms of phosphorus in sediments from 25 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure. Contents and spatial distrubution of algal available phosphorus (AAP) in sediments of Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake of China, were also studied. Relationships between phosphorus forms in sediment and macrophytes coverage in sample sites, as well as phosphorus forms in sediments and chlorophyal contents in lake water were discussed. Exchangeable form of phosphorus (Ex-P) in surface sediments was significantly positive correlative to total phosphorus (IP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) contents in the lake water. Bioavailable phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in sediments from macrophytes dominant sites were significantly lower than that in no macrophyte sites. In Lake Taihu, Ex-P content in top 3 cm sediment was highest. However, content of ferric fraction phosphorus (Fe-P) was highest in 4 - 10 cm. Bioavalilble phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in surface sediments positively correlated to Chlorophyll a contents in water of Lake Taihu with significant difference. Therefore, contents of Bio-P and AAP could be acted as the indicators of risks of internal release of phosphorus in the shallow lakes. It was estimated that there were 268.6 ton AAP in top 1 cm sediments in Lake Taihu. Sediment suspension caused by strong wind-induced wave disturbance could carry plenty of AAP into water in large shallow lakes like Lake Taihu.

关键词： shallow lakes sediments phosphorus geochemical forms bioavallabillty eutrophicatlon hydrodynamics.

经典名方百合地黄汤的研究进展及质量标志物预测

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中国实验方剂学杂志 2024年第18期30卷 235-242页

作者：刘岩刘佳萌李丹孙博杨晶凡付钰马生军朱广伟中国中医科学院中药研究所北京100700 河南中医药大学药学院郑州450046 神威药业集团有限公司石家庄051430 中国医学科学院&北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所北京100050 新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院乌鲁木齐830052 中国中医科学院博士后科研流动站北京100700

百合地黄汤作为沿用至今的经典名方之一,最早见于张仲景《金匮要略》,由百合和生地黄汁配伍而成。该文从历史沿革、药理作用及临床应用等方面对百合地黄汤近年来的研究进展进行归纳总结,结果发现百合地黄汤自汉代至今,在组方、煎煮方法... 详细信息

百合地黄汤作为沿用至今的经典名方之一,最早见于张仲景《金匮要略》,由百合和生地黄汁配伍而成。该文从历史沿革、药理作用及临床应用等方面对百合地黄汤近年来的研究进展进行归纳总结,结果发现百合地黄汤自汉代至今,在组方、煎煮方法及适应证上并无较大变动。根据本草考证,方中百合的基原应选择百合科植物百合Lilium brownii var. viridulum的肉质鳞叶,地黄为玄参科植物地黄Rehmannia glutinosa的块根。根据古今剂量折算,其用量为鲜百合245 g、鲜地黄400 g,百合煮汁与鲜地黄汁的比例为1∶1。百合地黄汤养阴清热,补益心肺,用于治疗百合病心肺阴虚证。现代药理研究表明,百合地黄汤的药理作用研究主要集中于抗抑郁、抗焦虑、改善失眠及代谢调节等方面,临床多用于神经系统疾病如抑郁症、焦虑症、失眠症等。根据质量标志物(Q-Marker)的传递与溯源、特有性、有效性、复方环境和可测性的原则对百合地黄汤的Q-Marker进行预测,确定梓醇、地黄苷D、王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C、毛蕊花糖苷可作为百合地黄汤的Q-Marker,可为该经典名方的质量控制体系建立及复方制剂开发和应用提供依据。

关键词：百合地黄汤历史沿革临床应用药理作用质量标志物(Q-Marker) 中医药研究进展