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Differentially private SGD with random features

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第1期39卷 1-23页

作者： WANG Yi-guang GUO Zheng-chu Polytechnic Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310015China School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

In the realm of large-scale machine learning,it is crucial to explore methods for reducing computational complexity and memory demands while maintaining generalization ***,since the collected data may contain some sensitive information,it is also of great significance to study privacy-preserving machine learning *** paper focuses on the performance of the differentially private stochastic gradient descent(SGD)algorithm based on random *** begin,the algorithm maps the original data into a lowdimensional space,thereby avoiding the traditional kernel method for large-scale data storage ***,the algorithm iteratively optimizes parameters using the stochastic gradient descent ***,the output perturbation mechanism is employed to introduce random noise,ensuring algorithmic *** prove that the proposed algorithm satisfies the differential privacy while achieving fast convergence rates under some mild conditions.

关键词： learning theory differential privacy stochastic gradient descent random features reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces

Coherent ONU based on 850 μm-long cavity-RSOA for next-generation ultra-dense access network

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Chinese Optics Letters 2016年第5期14卷 19-23页

作者： guang yong chu Adolfo Lerín Iván N.Cano Victor Polo Josep Prat Department of Signal Theory and Communications Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

In this Letter, an efficient bidirectional differential phase-shift keying （DPSK）--DPSK transmission for a ultra- dense wavelength division-multiplexed passive optical network is proposed. A single distributed feedback laser at the optical network unit （ONU） is used both as the local laser for downlink coherent detection and the optical carrier for uplink. Phase-shift keying is generated using a low-cost reflective semiconductor optical amplifier （RSOA） at the ONU. The RSOA chip has the bandwidth of 4.7 GHz at the maximum input power and bias current. For uplink transmission, the sensitivity of the RSOA chip reaches -48.2 dBm at the level of bit error rate = 10^-3 for back-to-back, and the penalty for 50 km transmission is less than 1 dB when using polarization diversity.

关键词： ONU RSOA Coherent ONU based on 850 m-long cavity-RSOA for next-generation ultra-dense access network

DLF-YOLOF:an improved YOLOF-based surface defect detection for steel plate

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第2期31卷 442-451页

作者： guang-hu Liu Mao-xiang chu Rong-fen Gong Ze-hao Zheng School of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan114051LiaoningChina

Surface defects can affect the quality of steel *** methods based on computer vision are currently applied to surface defect detection of steel ***,their real-time performance and object detection of small defect are still *** improved object detection network based on You Only Look One-level Feature(YOLOF)is proposed to show excellent performance in surface defect detection of steel plate,called ***,the anchor-free detector is used to reduce the network ***,deformable convolution network and local spatial attention module are introduced into the feature extraction network to increase the contextual information in the feature ***,the soft non-maximum suppression is used to improve detection accuracy ***,data augmentation is performed for small defect objects during training to improve detection *** show the average precision and average precision for small objects are 42.7%and 33.5%at a detection speed of 62 frames per second on a single GPU,*** shows that DLF-YOLOF has excellent performance to meet the needs of industrial real-time detection.

关键词： Steel surface defects detection YOLOF Anchor-free detector Small object detection Real-time detection

Spatial transcriptomics:recent developments and insights in respiratory research

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Military Medical Research 2024年第3期11卷 430-448页

作者： Wen-Jia Wang Liu-Xi chu Li-yong He Ming-Jing Zhang Kai-Tong Dang Chen Gao Qin-Yu Ge Zhou-guang Wang Xiang-Wei Zhao State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Oujiang Laboratory(Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035ZhejiangChina Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Group Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondon HA74LPUK

The respiratory system's complex cellular heterogeneity presents unique challenges to researchers in this *** bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)have provided insights into cell types and heterogeneity in the respiratory system,the relevant specific spatial localization and cellular interactions have not been clearly *** transcriptomics(ST)has filled this gap and has been widely used in respiratory *** review focuses on the latest iterative technology of ST in recent years,summarizing how ST can be applied to the physiological and pathological processes of the respiratory system,with emphasis on the ***,the current challenges and potential development directions are proposed,including high-throughput full-length transcriptome,integration of multi-omics,temporal and spatial omics,bioinformatics analysis,*** viewpoints are expected to advance the study of systematic mechanisms,including respiratory studies.

关键词： Spatial transcriptomics Lung Tumor Spatial multi-omics

SH2B1 Tunes Hippocampal ERK Signaling to Influence Fluid Intelligence in Humans and Mice

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 369-389页

作者： Xiujuan Du Yuhua Yan Juehua Yu Tailin Zhu chu-chung Huang Lingli Zhang Xingyue Shan Ren Li Yuan Dai Hui LV Xiao-yong Zhang Jianfeng Feng Wei-guang Li Qiang Luo Fei Li Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental HealthXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department Shanghai Xinhua Children's HospitalShanghai 200092China National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-lnspired IntelligenceMinistry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-lnspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics(Ministry of Education) School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Huashan HospitalInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Center for Experimental Studies and Research The First Affliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650032China Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-lnspired Intelligence Shanghai201210China Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China.

Fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnings is critical yet challenging for predicting human development, lifelong health, and well-being. One approach to address this challenge is to map the network of correlations between intelligence and other constructs. In the current study, we performed a genome-wide association study using fluid intelligence quotient scores from the UK Biobank to explore the genetic architecture of the associations between obesity risk and fluid intelligence. Our results revealed novel common genetic loci (SH2B1, TUFM, ATP2A1, and FOXO3) underlying the association between fluid intelligence and body metabolism. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that SH2B1 variation influenced fluid intelligence independently of its effects on metabolism but partially mediated its association with bilateral hippocampal volume. Consistently, selective genetic ablation of Sh2b1 in the mouse hippocampus, particularly in inhibitory neurons, but not in excitatory neurons, significantly impaired working memory, short-term novel object recognition memory, and behavioral flexibility, but not spatial learning and memory, mirroring the human intellectual performance. Single-cell genetic profiling of Sh2B1-regulated molecular pathways revealed that Sh2b1 deletion resulted in aberrantly enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling reversed the associated behavioral impairment. Our cross-species study thus provides unprecedented insight into the role of SH2B1 in fluid intelligence and has implications for understanding the genetic and neural underpinnings of lifelong mental health and well-being.

关键词： metabolism impaired reversed

A hybrid CNN-LSTM model for diagnosing rice nutrient levels at the rice panicle initiation stage

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 711-723页

作者： Fubing Liao Xiangqian Feng Ziqiu Li Danying Wang chunmei Xu guang chu Hengyu Ma Qing Yao Song Chen School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China China National Rice Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310006China School of Agriculture Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434025China

Nitrogen(N)and potassium(K)are two key mineral nutrient elements involved in rice *** diagnosis of N and K status is very important for the rational application of fertilizers at a specific rice growth ***,we propose a hybrid model for diagnosing rice nutrient levels at the early panicle initiation stage(EPIS),which combines a convolutional neural network(CNN)with an attention mechanism and a long short-term memory network(LSTM).The model was validated on a large set of sequential images collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)from rice canopies at different growth stages during a two-year *** with VGG16,AlexNet,GoogleNet,DenseNet,and inceptionV3,ResNet101 combined with LSTM obtained the highest average accuracy of 83.81%on the dataset of Huanghuazhan(HHZ,an indica cultivar).When tested on the datasets of HHZ and Xiushui 134(XS134,a japonica rice variety)in 2021,the ResNet101-LSTM model enhanced with the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)block achieved the highest accuracies of 85.38 and 88.38%,*** the cross-dataset method,the average accuracies on the HHZ and XS134 datasets tested in 2022 were 81.25 and 82.50%,respectively,showing a good *** proposed model works with the dynamic information of different rice growth stages and can efficiently diagnose different rice nutrient status levels at EPIS,which are helpful for making practical decisions regarding rational fertilization treatments at the panicle initiation stage.

关键词： dynamic model of deep learning UAV rice panicle initiation nutrient level diagnosis image classification

Development of a clinical nomogram for prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第2期16卷 396-408页

作者： Bing Liu Yu-Jie Xu Feng-Ran chu guang Sun Guo-Dong Zhao Sheng-Zhong Wang Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou HospitalHaikou 570208Hainan ProvinceChina Clinical College Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199Hainan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)in advanced gastric cancer(GC)is still a controversial *** To find factors associated with chemosensitivity to NAC treatment and to provide the optimal therapeutic strategies for GC patients receiving *** The clinical information was collected from 230 GC patients who received NAC treatment at the Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital from January 2016 to December *** absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression analysis was used to find the possible predictors.A nomogram model was employed to predict the response to *** In total 230 patients were finally included in this study,including 154 males(67.0%)and 76 females(33.0%).The mean age was(59.37±10.60)years,ranging from 24 years to 80 *** to the tumor regression grade standard,there were 95 cases in the obvious response group(grade 0 or grade 1)and 135 cases in the poor response group(grade 2 or grade 3).The obvious response rate was 41.3%.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis showed that four risk factors significantly related to the efficacy of NAC were tumor location(P<0.001),histological differentiation(P=0.001),clinical T stage(P=0.008),and carbohydrate antigen 724(P=0.008).The C-index for the prediction nomogram was *** calibration curve revealed that the predicted value exhibited good agreement with the actual *** curve analysis showed that the nomogram had a good value in clinical *** A nomogram combining tumor location,histological differentiation,clinical T stage,and carbohydrate antigen 724 showed satisfactory predictive power to the response of NAC and can be used by gastrointestinal surgeons to determine the optimal treatment strategies for advanced GC patients.

关键词： Advanced gastric cancer Predictor Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Nomogram Tumor regression grade

Bile acids inhibit ferroptosis sensitivity through activating farnesoid X receptor in gastric cancer cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期30卷 485-498页

作者： chu-Xuan Liu Ying Gao Xiu-Fang Xu Xin Jin Yun Zhang Qian Xu Huan-Xin Ding Bing-Jun Li Fang-Ke Du Lin-chuan Li Ming-Wei Zhong Jian-Kang Zhu guang-yong Zhang Department of General Surgery Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalShandong UniversityJinan 250014Shandong ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery Linyi People's HospitalLinyi 276034Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Nursing Huantai TCM HospitalZibo 256400Shandong ProvinceChina Center for Translational medical Research The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250014Shandong ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250014Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is associated with high mortality *** acids(BAs)reflux is a well-known risk factor for GC,but the specific mechanism remains *** GC development in both humans and animals,BAs serve as signaling molecules that induce metabolic *** confers additional cancer phenotypes,including ferroptosis *** is a novel mode of cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation that contributes universally to malignant ***,it is not fully defined if BAs can influence GC progression by modulating *** To reveal the mechanism of BAs regulation in ferroptosis of GC *** In this study,we treated GC cells with various stimuli and evaluated the effect of BAs on the sensitivity to *** used gain and loss of function assays to examine the impacts of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and BTB and CNC homology 1(BACH1)overexpression and knockdown to obtain further insights into the molecular mechanism *** Our data suggested that BAs could reverse erastin-induced ferroptosis in GC *** effect correlated with increased glutathione(GSH)concentrations,a reduced GSH to oxidized GSH ratio,and higher GSH peroxidase 4(GPX4)expression ***,we confirmed that BAs exerted these effects by activating FXR,which markedly increased the expression of GSH synthetase and ***,BACH1 was detected as an essential intermediate molecule in the promotion of GSH synthesis by BAs and ***,our results suggested that FXR could significantly promote GC cell proliferation,which may be closely related to its anti-ferroptosis *** This study revealed for the first time that BAs could inhibit ferroptosis sensitivity through the FXR-BACH1-GSHGPX4 axis in GC *** work provided new insights into the mechanism associated with BA-mediated promotion of GC and may help identify potential therapeutic targets for GC patients with BAs reflux.

关键词： Gastric cancer Ferroptosis Bile acids Chenodeoxycholic acid Farnesoid X receptor Glutathione

Investigation of the cell composition and gene expression in the delayed-type hypersensitivity tuberculin skin test

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Military Medical Research 2024年第1期11卷 148-151页

作者： Hui-Juan Duan Hong-Qian chu Ting-Ming Cao guang-Ming Dai Na Tian Gang Sheng Zhao-Gang Sun Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 101149China

Dear Editor,The tuberculin skin test(TST)reagents have continuously improved,with the ESAT6-CFP10(EC)test having recently been introduced,but are seldom based on the direction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH)*** studies only partially showed the infiltration and activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines of the skin induration[1,2],and lack the detailed measurements of cell proportions and gene expression in the DTH ***,in this study,we revealed the comprehensive characteristics of DTH by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in the guinea pig tuberculosis(TB)model[Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute(2021-064)].

关键词： Tuberculin skin test Delayed-type hypersensitivity Single-cell RNA sequencing