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肝硬化自然史和生存预后因子：对118项研究的系统回顾（上）

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传染病网络动态 2006年第10期 14-18页

作者： Gennaro D’Amico guadalupe garcia-Tsao Luigi Pagliaro 姚勤伟（编译）杨月（审校）

肝移植技术显著地提高了终末期肝硬化患者的生存率和生活质量。但是，因为肝脏供体不足和缺乏对平均寿命的精确预测，仍有很大比例的患者在等待肝移植的过程中死亡。尽管在最近20年提出了很多预测肝硬化患者死亡率的预后模型，但是到目... 详细信息

肝移植技术显著地提高了终末期肝硬化患者的生存率和生活质量。但是，因为肝脏供体不足和缺乏对平均寿命的精确预测，仍有很大比例的患者在等待肝移植的过程中死亡。尽管在最近20年提出了很多预测肝硬化患者死亡率的预后模型，但是到目前为止Child-Pugh记分仍然是临床实践和研究中应用最广泛的一种。

关键词：肝硬化患者系统回顾预后因子自然史肝移植技术等待肝移植生活质量平均寿命

Temperature Inversions,Meteorological Variables and Air Pollutants and Their Influence on Acute Respiratory Disease in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone,Jalisco,Mexico

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 142-153页

作者： Hermes U.Ramirez-Sanchez Mario E.García-guadalupe Hector H.Ulloa-Godinez Angel R.Meulenert-Pena Omar garcia-Concepcion Jaime Alcala Gutierrez Sarahi J.Lizarraga Brito Department of Physics Institute of Astronomy and MeteorologyUniversity Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering(CUCEI)University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMexico

The presence of temperature inversions (TI), concentration of air pollutants (AP) and meteorological variables (MV) affect the welfare of the population, creating public health problems (acute respiratory diseases ARDs, among others). The Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone (GMZ) experiences high levels of air pollution, which associated with the presence of temperature inversions and meteorological variations is conducive to the incidence of ARDs in children. The aim of this work is to evaluate the TI, MV, AP and their influence on the ARDs in children under five years in the GMZ from 2003 to 2007. In this period, the moderate and strong TI are the most frequent presenting from November to May. The AP shows a variable behavior during the year and between years, with the highest concentration of particles less than 10 microns (PM10), followed by ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), the most affected areas are the southeast of the GMZ. Annual arithmetic mean is 213,510 ± 41,209 ARDs consultations. The most important diseases are acute respiratory infections (98.0%), followed by pneumonia and bronchopneumonia (1.1%), asthma and status asthmaticus (0.5%) and streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis (0.4%). Months with most inquiries were from October to March, mainly in the southeast, south and center of the city, coinciding with high levels of AP. Statistical analysis shows that the TI have significant correlation with ARDs in three years, temperature (Temp) in two, relative humidity (RH) in two, wind speed (WS) in three, wind direction (WD) in two, while that air pollutants NOX and NO2 showed significant correlation with ARDs throughout the period. CO and SO2 showed significance in two years, while the PM10 and O3 in one.

关键词： Temperature Inversions Meteorological Variables Air Pollutants Acute Respiratory Diseases

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population of a third-level care hospital in Mexico City in 2013 and 2018

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第3期14卷 290-298页

作者： Jorge Mario Molina-Díaz Blanca Estela Vargas-Terrez Patricia guadalupe Medina-Bravo Antonia Martínez-Ambrosio América Liliana Miranda-Lora Miguel Klünder-Klünder Department of Child Endocrinology Children’s Hospital Federico GomezAutonomous University of MexicoMexico City 06250Mexico Faculty of Business La Salle UniversityMexico City 06250Mexico Department of Endocrinology Children’s Hospital Federico GomezMexico City 06720Mexico Department of Nursing and Endocrinology Children’s Hospital Federico GómezMexico City 06720Mexico Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition Children’s Hospital Federico GomezMexico City 06720Mexico Division of Research Children’s Hospital Federico GomezMexico City 06720Mexico

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM)is a state of hyperglycemia due to a defect in the secretion and/or action of insulin,and it represents the most common form of diabetes *** Mexico,10.3%of the adult population have been diagnosed with T2DM and it is expanding to the pediatric *** To evaluate and compare the prevalence of T2DM in the pediatric population at the Children’s Hospital,“Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez(HIMFG)”,at two time periods:2013 vs *** A comparison of two cross-sectional studies was done(2013 and 2018).The study population was comprised of children and adolescents 8-17 years old,from the Diabetes Clinic at the aforementioned institution.A comprehensive interrogation regarding family history and perinatal antecedents was *** blood work after 12 h of fasting was obtained to determine serum levels of glucose,glycated hemoglobin,lipid profile,C-peptide,and *** data were analysed using the statistical software package SPSS v.23.0.A P value of<0.05 was considered statistically *** A total of 151 patients were included:47 from 2013,and 104 from *** were age differences noted between the two periods with younger patients presenting T2DM in ***,T2DM predominated in the male sex in 55.36%in 2013 vs 32.7%in *** increased prevalence of T2DM was noted from 2013 to 2018(20.2%vs 33.0%,respectively),which was a statistically significant 12.8%increase(P<0.0001).The illness phenotype was more aggressive in the 2018 group with the presence of a higher proportion of obesity,insulin resistance,and adverse lipid *** The prevalence of T2DM at the HIMFG institution from 2013 to 2018 increased by 12.8%(20.2%vs 33.0%,respectively).The study results demonstrate the need for vigilance in T2DM trends,and to strengthen programs of healthy nutrition and physical activity as well as early detection and risk factors for obesity,data on insulin resistance,and metabo

关键词： Diabetes Children adolescents Epidemiology Etiology Risk factors and complications

Conventional type 1 dendritic cells protect against age-related adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 260-275页

作者： Elena Hernández-García Francisco J.Cueto Emma C.L.Cook Ana Redondo-Urzainqui Sara Charro-Zanca Iñaki Robles-Vera Ruth Conde-Garrosa Ivana Nikolić guadalupe Sabio David Sancho Salvador Iborra Department of Immunology Ophthalmology and ENTSchool of MedicineUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares(CNIC) Madrid 28029Spain

Conventional dendritic cells(cDCs)scan and integrate environmental cues in almost every tissue,including exogenous metabolic *** cDCs are critical in maintaining immune balance,their role in preserving energy homeostasis is ***,we showed that Batf3-deficient mice lacking conventional type 1 DCs(cDC1s)had increased body weight and adiposity during *** led to impaired energy expenditure and glucose tolerance,insulin resistance,dyslipidemia,and liver ***1 deficiency caused adipose tissue inflammation that was preceded by a paucity of NK1.1+invariant NKT(iNKT)***,among antigen-presenting cells,cDC1s exhibited notable induction of IFN-γproduction by iNKT cells,which plays a metabolically protective role in lean adipose ***3L treatment,which expands the dendritic cell(DC)compartment,mitigated diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in a Batf3-dependent *** effect was partially mediated by NK1.1+*** results reveal a new critical role for the cDC1-iNKT cell axis in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis.

关键词： Dendritic Cells NKT Obesity ageing FLT3L

Microbial Fermentation Patterns, Diarrhea Incidence, and Performance in Weaned Piglets Fed a Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Probiotics

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第18期5卷 1776-1786页

作者： Konisgmar Escobar García Tércia Cesária Reis de Souza Gerardo Mariscal Landín Araceli Aguilera Barreyro María guadalupe Bernal Santos José guadalupe Gómez Soto Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Querétaro México CENID-Fisiología Instituto Nacional de Investigación Forestal Agrícola y Pecuaria Colón México

To evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels and probiotic supplementation on microbial intestinal fermentation, diarrhea incidence, and performance in weaned piglets, 162 piglets were randomly assigned to three treatments: high-protein diet (20%), with antibiotics (HPa);high-protein diet (20%), without antibiotics (HP);and low-protein diet, without antibiotics but with probiotics (LPpb). Piglets and feed were weighed weekly to calculate the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain: feed ratio (G:F). Four piglets per treatment were killed on day 21 postweaning to collect ileal and colon digesta for measurement of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), lactic acid (LA), and ammonia (AM). In the digesta collected from the ileum and colon, piglets fed the HPa diet had the lowest concentration of volatile fatty acids. Additionally, the HP diet produced the highest concentration of BCFAs, while the LPpb diet produced moreacetic, propionic, and butyric acids than the HPa and HP diets. Piglets fed the HP diet had higher incidence and severity of diarrhea than piglets fed LPpb and HPa diets, and similar values were observed between these two groups. The second week postweaning was the most critical for diarrhea measurements;during the second week, animals had higher incidence and severity of diarrhea. Piglets fed the HPa and LPpb diets had similar ADGs, while those fed the HP diet had the poorest ADG. Similar results were observed with ADFI and G:F. A low-protein diet supplemented with probiotics changed the fermentation profile, reducing toxic metabolites, promoting gut health, decreasing the incidence and severity of postweaning diarrhea, and improving the performance of piglets.

关键词： Diarrhea Intestinal Fermentation Piglet Probiotics SCFAs

Probabilistic Model of Cumulative Damage in Pipelines Using Markov Chains

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2020年第4期8卷 620-642页

作者： Francisco Casanova-del-Angel Esteban Flores-Méndez Karina guadalupe Cortes-Yah Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Arquitectura Unidad Profesional ALM Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México Mexico

This paper presents a probabilistic model of cumulative damage based on Markov chains theory to model propagation of internal corrosion depth localized in a hydrocarbons transport pipeline. The damage accumulation mechanism is unit jump type, depending on the state. It uses a shock model based on Bernoulli trials and probabilities to remain in the same state or the next one. Data are adjusted to Lognormal distribution and proven with a Kolmogórov-Smirnov test. The vector obtained from multiplying the initial state vector with the transition matrix was developed and the system of equations to find each transition probability with a single inspection report was solved. In order to calculate propagation of internal corrosion after inspection, an exponential equation was proposed and a parameter was adjusted to the data. Time to expected failure was obtained by adding the time expected in each damage state. Each time step was adjusted to real time.

关键词： Localized Corrosion Cumulative Damage Failure Pipelines Markov Chains

A Gibbs Sampling Algorithm to Estimate the Parameters of a Volatility Model: An Application to Ozone Data

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第12期3卷 2178-2190页

作者： Verónica De Jesús Romo Eliane R. Rodrigues guadalupe Tzintzun Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Instituto de Matemáticas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Instituto Nacional de Ecologa y Cambio Climático Secretara de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Mexico City Mexico

In this work we consider a stochastic volatility model, commonly used in financial time series studies, to analyse ozone data. The model considered depends on some parameters and in order to estimate them a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed. The algorithm considered here is the so-called Gibbs sampling algorithm which is programmed using the language R. Its code is also given. The model and the algorithm are applied to the weekly ozone averaged measurements obtained from the monitoring network of Mexico City.

关键词： MCMC Algorithms Bayesian Inference Volatility Models Ozone Air Pollution Mexico City

Effectiveness of Selected Microbial Strains on the Growth of Sweet Sorghum

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 772-777页

作者： Arturo Díaz-Franco Oscar Arath Grageda-Cabrera Mónica guadalupe Lozano-Contreras Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Campo Experimental Rio Bravo Km 61 Carretera Matamoros-Reynosa Rio Bravo Tamaulipas Mexico Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Campo Experimental Bajio Km 6.5 Carretera Celaya-San Miguel de Allende Celaya Guanajuato Mexico Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Campo Experimental Mococha Km 25 Carretera Merida-Motul Yucatan Mexico

Microbial inoculants are of great importance in agro-ecology and plants. However, the symbiotic effectiveness of strains may vary between species or within the same species. Aim of the study was to select experimental microbial strains of national origin, to know its impact on growth of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in greenhouse and sterile soil. Five strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and eight rhizobacteria (two of them mutagenized) were compared with non-inoculated plants as control. Variables measured were index of chlorophyll SPAD, plant height, stem diameter (from the middle section), fresh biomass from stem, leaf, panicle, radical, and stem sugars content (°Brix) of every two internodes. The results showed that in the majority of cases, microbial strains exceeded the values of variables compared with control plants. The highest values of chlorophyll (41.8 SPAD), stem diameter (13.5 mm) and total fresh biomass (144.3 g), were recorded with rhizobacterias BS410 (Herbaspirillum sp.), B2709 (Pseudomonas sp.) and B4M4 (Azospirillum sp.), respectively.

关键词： Beneficial Microorganisms Sorghum bicolor Greenhouse Conditions

Effect of fosfomycin,Cynara scolymus extract,deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 386-395页

作者： guadalupe Martinez Susana N.Dieguez Maria B.Fernandez Paggi Maria B.Riccio Denisa S.Perez Gaudio Edgardo Rodriguez Fabian A.Amanto Maria O.Tapia Alejandro L.Soraci Area Toxicología Departamento de FisiopatologíaFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil(CIVETAN) UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICETFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasCampus UniversitarioTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas-CONICET Buenos AiresC1425FQBArgentina Comisión de Investigaciónes Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires(CIC-PBA) La PlataB1900Buenos AiresArgentina Area Producción Porcina Departamento de Producción AnimalFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional del Centro de La Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina Area Estadística Sanidad Animal y Medicina PreventivaFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversiclacl Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina

Weaning is a challenging stage of pig *** undergo environmental,social and dietary changes leading to weaning stress *** order to compensate for the detrimental effects of weaning stress,antibiotics and natural extracts are used as feed additives,sometimes without fully understanding the interactions between them or even with low concentrations of mycotoxins that are frequently present in *** aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fosfomycin(FOS),Cynara scolymus extract(CSE),deoxynivalenol(DON) and their combined administration on intestinal health of weaned *** experiment was designed as a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with 3 factors(FOS,CSE and DON treatments),2 levels each(presence and absence) and 3 *** piglets(n=24)were randomly divided in groups to receive the different treatments,namely DON administered in diet(50 μg/kg BW),FOS administered into the drinking water(30 mg/kg BW),CSE administered in diet(15 mg/kg BW) and all their *** 15 d,the animals were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract samples were immediately taken to evaluate gastrointestinal pH,Enterobacteriaceae to lactic acid bacteria(E:L) ratio,volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentrations,disaccharidase(lactase,sucrase and maltase)activity,histology(intestinal absorptive area [IAA] and goblet cells count) and mucus ability to adhere pathogenic Escherichia *** our results,FOS and CSE treatments,individually or combined,produced a lower E:L ratio,an enhanced production of butyrate,increased disaccharidase activity(particularly maltase),and a greater IAA and goblet cells count along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria adherence to intestinal *** did not show interactions with the other factors and its administration produced decreases on VFA,disaccharidase activity and goblet cells *** conclusion,weaning piglets receiving diets containing FOS,CSE or both exhibited evident beneficial intestinal effects compared

关键词： Fosfomycin Cynara scolymus extract Deoxynivalenol Intestinal health Weaned piglets