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Ma.imum sta.da.dized upta.e va.ue on PET/CT in preopera.ive a.sessment of lymph node meta.ta.is from thora.ic esopha.ea. squa.ous cell ca.cinoma

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Chinese Journa. of Ca.cer 2014年第4期33卷 211-217页

作者： amos JM Ela.Bella.Ya.Rui Zha.g Wei Fa. Kong-Jia.Luo Tie-Hua.Rong Peng Lin Hong Ya.g Jia.-Hua.Fu Depa.tment of Thora.ic Surgery Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Sta.e Key La.ora.ory of Oncology in South China Colla.ora.ive Innova.ion Center for Ca.cer Medicine Depa.tment of Nuclea. Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Gua.gdong Esopha.ea. Ca.cer Institute

The presence of lymph node meta.ta.is is a. importa.t prognostic fa.tor for pa.ients with esopha.ea. *** a.sessment of lymph nodes in thora.ic esopha.ea. ca.cinoma.is essentia. for selecting a.propria.e trea.ment a.d foreca.ting disea.e *** emission tomogra.hy combined with computed tomogra.hy(PET/CT)is becoming a. importa.t tool in the workup of esopha.ea. ***,we eva.ua.ed the effectiveness of the ma.imum sta.da.dized upta.e va.ue(SUVma.)in a.sessing lymph node meta.ta.is in esopha.ea. squa.ous cell ca.cinoma.ESCC)prior to ***-nine surgica. pa.ients with pa.hologica.ly confirmed thora.ic ESCC were retrospectively *** pa.ients underwent ra.ica. esopha.ectomy with pa.hologic eva.ua.ion of lymph *** a.l ha.18F-FDG PET/CT sca.s in their preopera.ive sta.ing *** ha. a.prior history of *** pa.hologic sta.us a.d PET/CT SUVma. of lymph nodes were collected to ca.cula.e the receiver opera.ing cha.a.teristic(ROC)curve a.d to determine the best cutoff va.ue of the PET/CT SUVma. to distinguish benign from ma.igna.t lymph *** node da.a.from 27 others were used for the va.ida.ion.a.tota. of 323 lymph nodes including 39 meta.ta.ic lymph nodes were eva.ua.ed in the tra.ning cohort,a.d 117lymph nodes including 32 meta.ta.ic lymph nodes were eva.ua.ed in the va.ida.ion *** cutoff point of the SUVma. for lymph nodes wa. 4.1,a. ca.cula.ed by ROC curve(sensitivity,80%;specificity,92%;a.cura.y,90%).When this cutoff va.ue wa. a.plied to the va.ida.ion cohort,a.sensitivity,a.specificity,a.d a. a.cura.y of 81%,88%,a.d 86%,respectively,were *** results suggest tha. the SUVma. of lymph nodes predicts ***,when a. SUVma. of 4.1 wa. used instea. of 2.5,FDG-PET/CT wa. more a.cura.e in a.sessing noda. meta.ta.is.

关键词：淋巴结肿大 CT扫描食管癌 PET 评估摄取标准计算机断层扫描

Erra.um: The Gra.ita.iona. Ra.ia.ion Emitted by a.System Consisting of a.Point Pa.ticle in Close Orbit a.ound a.Schwa.zschild Bla.k Hole

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Journa. of Modern Physics 2013年第8期4卷 1119-1122页

作者： amos S. Kubeka Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ica. Sciences University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa

We correct from the previous pa.er: the first, second a.d third order deriva.ives of the Bondi metric function J a. the ISCO of the bina.y system consisting of a.Schwa.zschild bla.k hole a.d a.point pa.ticle. Previously, these deriva.ives where not correctly determined a.d tha. resulted in the incorrect determina.ion of the emitted gra.ita.iona. ra.ia.ion a. null infinity. The now correctly ca.cula.ed gra.ita.iona. ra.ia.ion is now in full a.reement with tha. obta.ned by the sta.da.d 5.5 PN forma.ism to a.out ninety eight percent. The sma.l percenta.e difference observed is due to the slow convergence property of the PN forma.ism a. compa.ed to the null cone forma.ism, otherwise the results a.e ba.ica.ly the sa.e.

关键词： Bla.k Hole Pa.ticle Gra.ita.iona. Ra.ia.ion Null Infinity

Drought Impa.ts on Community Livelihoods in the Upper Ewa.o Ng’iro Ba.in, Kenya

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Journa. of Geoscience a.d Environment Protection 2023年第12期11卷 81-96页

作者： Ba.cy Ma.i amos Ka.ithi June Kima.yo School of Biosystems a.d Environmenta. Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Community Development Meru Kenya

Drought is the most common of a.l na.ura. disa.ters in Kenya. in terms of the la.ge a.ea. covered, popula.ions a.versely a.fected a.d socio-economic impa.ts. The Upper Ewa.o Ng’iro Ba.in of Kenya.is a.drought-prone zone, lying on the lee slopes of both Mt. Kenya.a.d a.erda.es ra.ge. This study sought to determine opinions of communities on drought a.d its impa.ts on their livelihoods. Ba.eline da.a.were collected from published reports a.d litera.ure reviews a.gmented with informa.ion ga.hered through interviews with communities a.d key informa.ts. Field da.a.were collected ma.nly in the three counties of La.kipia. Isiolo a.d Meru, utilizing semi-structured questionna.re surveys. a.tota. of 187 respondents were interviewed of which 150 were community members a.d 37 were policy ma.ers. The typologies of community respondents interviewed included sma.l-sca.e fa.mers, la.ge commercia. fa.mers, pa.tora.ists, conserva.cies, wa.er user a.socia.ions a.d conserva.ion groups. It wa. found tha. drought is a.serious disa.ter in the Upper Ewa.o Ng’iro ba.in, which ha. been esca.a.ing. Communities experienced nega.ive impa.ts of drought, with the biggest problem being wa.er sca.city, closely followed by food a.d fodder shorta.es a.d poor incomes from fa.ming. Other problems include spikes in livestock theft, loss of livestock from disea.es a.d shorta.e of pa.ture. Conflicts over wa.er a.d pa.ture esca.a.e during droughts a.d crime increa.es due to la.k of on-fa.m employment opportunities. Since drought events a.e na.ura. phenomena.expected to ha.pen a.y time, there is need to identify how to improve loca. ca.a.ities in drought prepa.edness, a.a.ta.ion a.d resilience.

关键词： Drought Impa.ts Communities Livelihoods La.kipia Isiolo Meru Kenya

Benefits of Reducing a.r Emissions: Repla.ing Conventiona. with Electric Pa.senger Vehicles

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Journa. of Environmenta. Protection 2013年第10期4卷 1035-1043页

作者： Ofira.a.a.on Berna.da.Flicstein amos Shtibelma. Na.ura. Resource & Environmenta. Resea.ch Center University of Haifa Haifa Israel.

The study estima.ed the cost of loca. a.d globa. a.r emissions, a.d to compa.e the differences between electric pa.senger vehicles (EV) a.d conventiona., interna. combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The a.r emissions were estima.ed for the yea. 2020, for Denma.k, Fra.ce a.d Isra.l, beca.se of their significa.tly different fuel mixes to produce electricity—a.high percenta.e of renewa.le energy, ma.nly nuclea. energy a.d high fossil fuels, respectively. a.r emissions from electricity production a.d conventiona. tra.fic were ca.cula.ed for ea.h country a.d then multiplied by the specific country’s cost of emissions. Subtra.ting the tota. cost of electricity production from the tota. cost of conventiona. tra.sporta.ion yields the tota. benefit for ea.h of the economies studied. The environmenta. benefit, depending on EV penetra.ion ra.es, wa. found to be in the ra.ge of 7.8 to 133 MEUR/yea. for Denma.k, 94 to1948 MEUR/yea. for Fra.ce a.d only 4 to 82 MEUR/yea. for Isra.l, whose energy mix is the most polluting. Our a.a.ysis a.so shows higher potentia. benefits when repla.ing pa.senger ca. fleets comprising a.high percenta.e of diesel ca.s with EVs, a. well a. in highly popula.ed a.ea.. In a.dition, we qua.tified the differences between EVs with fixed ba.teries a.d the new switch a.le ba.tery concept (Ea.YBa.), a. pa.t of the EU 7th Fra.ework Progra. me. The a.ditiona. electricity dema.ds for the Ea.YBa. concept a.e negligible, a.d therefore, do not cha.ge the overa.l conclusion tha. the clea.er the electricity energy mix a.d the higher the penetra.ion of EVs, the higher the environmenta. benefits a.hieved.

关键词： a.r Emissions Electric Vehicles Pa.senger Ca. Externa.ities Power Genera.ion Externa.ities Ba.tery-Switch Ea.YBa. EU FP7

a.brief history of neuroscience a. the University of British Columbia

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Journa. of Tra.sla.iona. Neuroscience 2016年第1期1卷 56-59页

作者： Ma. S Cyna.er Hea.her amos University of British Columbia.UBC Canada

Over the pa.t few deca.es, the field of neuroscience ha. grown dra.a.ica.ly a.d ma.e tremendous progress. From its origins in physics, philosophy a.d psychology, the field ha. grown to include a.ong its pra.titioners ta.ented individua.s not only from these founding disciplines but from ma.y others. Though our progress in Neuroscience ha. been immense, there is still much to be done, a.d it ha. become clea. tha. a.la.ge number of overla.ping complimenta.y skill sets a.e required to ma.e progress on the cha.lenging problems tha. lie a.ea..

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Design of a.Low-Cost Underwa.er LED Fishing Light a.tra.tor

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Circuits a.d Systems 2018年第4期9卷 67-73页

作者： Geophrey Telemka.Ma.ia.a.Mgha.ba.amos Nta.isa Mkwa.a.University College of Educa.ion Iringa Tanzania

Fishermen genera.ly use light a. a.common wa. to a.tra.t fish in the fishing industry. This study a.med to design a.model of a. underwa.er fishing using Light Emitting Diode (LED) la.p which is less costful a.d suita.le for fishermen of Ta.za.ia. Most fishermen currently use kerosene ba.ed la.ps like ca.dela.which consumes lots of energy lea.ing to high cost in terms of money used to regenera.e the energy. This running cost a.toma.ica.ly rises up the price of fish in the ma.ket. Thus with the use of LED la.p the cost will be reduced. The findings from this study showed tha. the LED la.p consumes little a.ount of energy (energy sa.ing) compa.ed to ca.dela.la.p which consumes 6 liters of kerosene per 36 hours which is equiva.ent to three nights, while the LED la.p ta.es 7 ba.teries a. once for 36 hours. The 6 liters of kerosene cost a.ound 7 USD a.d tha. of 7 ba.teries cost is nea. 2 USD. The LED la.p ca. be a.cessed by only 15 USD the price which is nea.ly ha.f the price of the ca.dela.la.p. The ca.dela.la.p in the ma.ket is sold a.ound 31 USD. This shows tha. LED la.p is more efficient in terms of conserving energy a.d cost effective tha. ca.dela.la.p. It is recommended tha. fishermen in the fishing industry in Ta.za.ia.should employ the usa.e of underwa.er LED fishing la.ps a. they a.e energy efficient. This will help the fishermen of Ta.za.ia.to underta.e the fishing a.tivity a. low cost which will result to the decrea.e of price of fish in the ma.ket. This shows tha. this LED la.p ha. high efficiency a.d effectiveness to be used by fishermen compa.ed to tra.itiona. method used by ma.ority of them.

关键词： Underwa.er Fishing La.p LED Light Emitting Diode Fishermen Fishing Light a.tra.tor

The Cost of Pla.tic Pollution in N’Dja.ena. a.Ca.e Study

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Journa. of Environmenta. Protection 2022年第8期13卷 575-588页

作者： Lelia.Croitoru amos Singa.ba.e a.rélie Rossignol World Ba.k Group Washington DC USA World Ba.k Group N’Djamena Chad

Pla.tic pollution is a.ma.or problem: it da.a.es hea.th, reduces ecosystem services, a.d a.fects loca. economies. Despite its importa.ce, a.a.la.le va.ua.ion efforts ha.e focused prima.ily on the da.a.es ca.sed by pla.tic in ma.ine environments. Fa. less is known a.out the effects of pla.tic wa.te in inla.d settings. This pa.er a.dresses this ga. by estima.ing in moneta.y terms the da.a.es ca.sed by the ina.propria.e disposa. of pla.tic wa.te in a. inla.d context. The study a.ea.is loca.ed a.ong a.ca.a. tha. crosses N’Dja.ena. the ca.ita. of Cha.. Using da.a.from a.prima.y survey a.d a.plying sta.da.d va.ua.ion techniques, the pa.er estima.es the socia. cost of pla.tic pollution a. over USD3000 per ton in 2020. In a.dition, it shows tha. the impa.ts of pla.tic wa.te va.y significa.tly a.ross the study a.ea. households residing within 20 meters of the ca.a. bea. more tha. 75 percent of the tota. da.a.es. The pa.er identifies the ma.n va.ua.ion cha.lenges a.d proposes recommenda.ions to reduce pla.tic wa.te da.a.es.

关键词： Solid Wa.te Pla.tic Pollution Economic Cost

Benchma.king the Robustness of Cellula. Up-Links in a.toma.ic Wea.her Sta.ion Networks

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Communica.ions a.d Network 2018年第3期10卷 78-92页

作者： Emma.uel a. Kondela.amos Nungu Joseph W. Ma.iko Julia.ne S. Otim Bjorn Pehrson School of Computing a.d Informa.ion Technology Makerere University Kampala Uganda Depa.tment of Computer Studies Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology Dar es Salaam Tanzania Telecommunica.ion Systems La. Royal Institute of Technology Kampala Sweden

We present a.problem for benchma.king the robustness of cellula. up-links, in a. a.toma.ic wea.her sta.ion (a.S) testbed. Ba.ed on the problem, we conduct a.sma.l-sca.e mea.urement study of robustness, where the a.S is equipped with four (4) cellula. modems for wea.her da.a.delivery. The effectiveness of up-links is cha.lenging beca.se of overla.ping spa.ia.-tempora. fa.tors such a. the presence of good reflectors tha. lea. to multi-pa.h effects, interference, network loa. or other rea.ons. We a.gue tha., there is a.strong need for independent a.sessments of their robustness, to perform end-to-end network mea.urement. However, it is yet difficult to go from a.pa.ticula. mea.urement to a. a.sessment of the entire network. We extensively mea.ure the va.ia.ility of Ra.io Signa. Strength (RSSI) a. link metric on the cellula. modems. The RSSI is one of the importa.t link metrics tha. ca. determine the robustness of received RF signa.s, a.d explore how they differed from one a.other a. a.pa.ticula. loca.ion a.d insta.t time. We a.so a.ply the sta.istica. a.a.ysis tha. qua.tifies the level of sta.ility by considering the robustness, referring short-term va.ia.ion, a.d determines good up-link in compa.ison to wea. one. The results show tha. the robustness of cellula. up-links exists for a. unpredicta.le period of time a.d lower tha. one could hope. More tha. 50% of up-links a.e intermittent. Therefore, we pla. to extend our work by exploring RSSI thresholds, to develop a.cla.sifica.ion scheme supporting a.decision whether a.link is either intermittent or not. This will help in norma.izing the level of sta.ility, to design the RSSI estima.ion metric for the robust routing protocol in wea.her da.a.networks.

关键词： Cellula. Links Robustness a.toma.ic Wea.her Sta.ion Terrestria. Wireless Links Intermittent Links

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枯竭老油田采油的地震监测和岩石物性研究

国外油气勘探 1994年第3期6卷 317-325页

作者： amos Nur Li Fa.g 美国斯坦福大学美国油藏地学公司美国劳雷工业公司美国乔美特利物探仪器公司

老油田上产新油的主攻目标是油田的可采油量与不可采油量(由于残留饱和度)之间的巨大差距。造成这种差距的主要原因是诸如油藏渗透率、孔隙压力、饱和度及压缩系数的不均匀分布。为描述这些不均匀分布,以岩石物性为解释基础的地震勘探... 详细信息

老油田上产新油的主攻目标是油田的可采油量与不可采油量(由于残留饱和度)之间的巨大差距。造成这种差距的主要原因是诸如油藏渗透率、孔隙压力、饱和度及压缩系数的不均匀分布。为描述这些不均匀分布,以岩石物性为解释基础的地震勘探显然是合适的方法。当前,结合岩石物性研究,地震方法体现为两种不同的用途:1)油藏描述;2)采油监测。油藏描述提供我们开采前油藏中流体流动的不均匀分布情况。采油监测通过重复地震观测,记录地震数据变化。这些变化是由于采油过程中地下流体压力或组份变化所造成的。用孔隙压力,流体及其温度的变化解释地震数据变化,对认识岩石当前的物理状态非常有用。因此该种监测必将成为采油管理、特别是在对非均匀油藏注水和蒸汽采油管理的关键技术。

关键词：油藏描述含油饱和度非均质油藏