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Forest Fairy Ring Fungi Clitocybe nebularis, Soil Bacillusspp., and Plant Extracts Exhibit in VitroAntagonism on Dieback PhytophthoraSpecies

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Natural Resources 2013年第2期4卷 189-194页

作者： Catherine Hearst David Nelson graham mccollum Shekhar Sharma Juluri R. Rao Applied Plant Science Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Grosvenor Grammar School Belfast UK

In vitro Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion assays coupled with bio-imaging software techniques were used to assess native forest dwelling “fairy ring” forming fungi (Clitocybe nebularis) and co-habitant forest tree-root colonising non pathogenic, antibiotic producing bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilis) for their antagonism towards Japanese larch dieback oomycetes phytopathogens which also affects ornamental alternative hosts. The aqueous extracts of C. nebularis exhibited the highest clearance (inhibitory) zone of 21.4 × 105 pixels = 573%) against Phytophthora ramorum than growth/clear zone Cartesian integrates recorded in untreated (control) disc (3.7 × 105 pixels = 100%) over 3-day incubation. The fairy ring fungal extracts also exhibited substantive antagonism against P. kernoviae (147%), P. lateralis (347%) and a solanaceous crop infecting P. infestans (86%). Quite encouragingly, the soil oomycete phytopathogen P. ramorum was inhibited strongly (mean ~ 177%) by both forest bacilli. Aqueous extracts of non-forest antifungal herbaceous plants (garlic and elderberry) expressed similar inhibitory effects (mean ~ 70%). A seaweed fungal elicitor component fucoidan showed moderate levels (mean ~ 85%) of antagonism against P. ramorum, P. kernoviae, P. lateralis and P. infestans. The results in this in vitro study highlight the intensity and vigor of antagonistic forest microflora and non-forest herbaceous antifungal agents such as garlic and other plant extracts as serious candidates for suppression of the oomycete Phytophthora pathogenic fungi in forest soils. This study calls for urgent scoping and impact assessment studies in pot experiments and mini-plot forest trials to gauge the fitness of these natural resources for field level potential biotechnological applications to combat the devastating dieback disease in the native woodlands and horticulture.

关键词： Natural Forest Resources Antifungal Extracts Clitocybe nebularis Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus pumilis Phytophthora Species Japanese Larch Dieback Disease

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Performance of Natural Antagonists and Commercial Microbiocides towards in VitroSuppression of Flower Bed Soil-Borne Fusarium oxysporum

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第3期4卷 151-159页

作者： David Nelson Katherine Beattie graham mccollum Trevor Martin Shekhar Sharma Juluri R. Rao Plant Health & Environmental Protection Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Plant Health & Environmental Protection Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Strathearn School Belfast UK

Fusarium oxysporum is the causal agent for wilt diseases of many major ornamental and horticultural crops. In this study, we plated a local cut flower grower’s soil, with a persistent history of Fusarium wilt of scented stock, Matthiola incana but not the lettuce rotational crop. This yielded culture plates with characteristic pink to carmine red fungi, together with a mixed bacterial population, a percentage of which was visibly antagonistic to the Fusarium. Using molecular analyses via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays, we identified that Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium venenatum were prevalent in the soil. The co-habiting bacterial colonies that exhibited strong antagonistic activity (zone of clearance) towards the soil fungi corresponded to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa species. Our results arising from an in vitro study involving Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion agar assays, coupled with bio-imaging software techniques demonstrated that the three native soil bacteria were effective inhibitors of all Fusarium species tested, while Bacillus subtilis exhibited the highest antagonism towards the Fusarium oxysporum. Bioassay tests of micro-biocides Prestop (Gliocadium catenulatum), Serenade Max (Bacillus subtilis QST713) and commercial seaweed extract, AlgiVyt suppressed in vitro growth of Fusarium oxysporum infecting the scented stock flower to a greater extent, whilst fresh aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) flowers were ineffective towards soil pathogen suppression. This scoping study offers cut flower growers additional options of tapping into populations of antagonistic bacteria found in soil persistently infected with the opportunistic soil phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum, affecting cut flower crops, such as M. incana.

关键词： Fusarium oxysporum Cut Flower Wilt Disease Natural Antagonistic Bacteria Bacillus subtilis Natural and Commercial Plant Extracts Microbiocides

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Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Novel Finned Radiators for Automotive Cooling System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1726-1743页

作者： SINGH Hardeep TING David S-K READER graham ESHTIAGHI Nicky ICHIYANAGI Mitsuhisa SUZUKI Takashi Turbulence&Energy Laboratory University of WindsorWindsor N9B 3P4Canada Chemical and Environmental Engineering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences Sophia UniversityTokyo 102-8554Japan

This research investigates innovative fin-type radiators for automobile engine cooling ***-channel and helical radiators,along with straight type,were analyzed for heat transfer characteristics under various *** uniqueness of this study is evident in the design of microchannel and helical *** helical radiators,the inner rod features 4/8 helical-shaped water galleries,while the outer tube frame with embedded fins remains *** contrast,the microchannel radiators have compact trapezoidal-shaped water galleries with separate fin ***,the novelty of the research is enhanced by the utilization of 3D printing technology in the manufacturing *** constant fin height analysis at varied water and air flow rate,Microchannel Water Air Radiator with fin height 10.5 mm(MCWAR10.5)depicted a higher heat transfer rate amongst the *** comparison to Straight Water Air Radiator with fin height 9.5 mm(SWAR9.5),the heat transfer rate is 30.3%and 1.3 times ***,in constant fin surface area analysis,microchannel radiator(MCWAR3.2)illustrates lower heat dissipation than Helical radiator(HWAR138)but higher than HWAR134 and Straight radiator(SWAR6).The examination of pumping loss indicated that the Micro-channel radiator outperformed helical radiators due to its lower pressure *** average pressure loss for Micro-channel radiators was 0.74 kPa,making it 1.2 times higher than that of a straight radiator(0.62 kPa),indicating a better trade-off.

关键词： heat exchangers multi-channel helical heat exchanger heat transfer 3D printing

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Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared H.graham Johannes C.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang Martin W.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth *** recently,we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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The variation of DOM during long distance water transport by the China South to North Water Diversion Scheme and impact on drinking water treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 85-100页

作者： Hankun Yang Yujuan Li Hongyu Liu Nigel J.D.graham Xue Wu Jiawei Hou Mengjie Liu Wenyu Wang Wenzheng Yu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and TechnologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Environment and Municipal Engineering Qingdao Technological UniversityQingdao266033China Colleges of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150006China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane Processes School of Environment Science and EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China

In this study,samples were taken from three locations,upstream to downstream,along the central route project of the China South to North Water Diversion(SNWD)scheme in summer and *** were used to reveal the variations of dissolved organic matter(DOM)during the water transfer process,and the effects of these variations on drinking water treatment and disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPs-FP).The results showed that polysaccharides accumulate in summer and reduce in winter with flow distance,which has an important effect on the overall properties of DOM,as well as on the performance of coagulation,ultrafiltration,and the formation of *** substances,and their hydrophilic content,also increased in summer and decreased in winter with flow *** contrast,the concentration of small organic substances(MW≤1000 Da)increased in both summer and winter with flow distance,which affected both nanofiltration(NF)membrane fouling and *** results provide a useful case study of spatial and temporal changes in raw water DOM during long distance water transfer and their impact on the treatment and quality of drinking water from the SNWD.

关键词： Long-distance water transfer The China South to North Water Diversion Scheme Coagulation Membrane filtration Disinfection by-products

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Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Space Applications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 547-562页

作者： Matthew R.Coburn Charlie Young Chris Smith graham Schultz Miguel Robayo Zheng-Tong Xie Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Plastron UK Ltd. Westcott Venture ParkWestcottHP180XBUK Renewable Energy Group University of ExeterExeterTR109FEUK

A prototype cleanroom for hazardous testing and handling of satellites prior to launcher encapsulation,satisfying the ISO8 standard has been designed and analyzed in terms of *** Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and particulate matter(PM)*** outcomes of the URANS models have been validated through comparison with equivalent large-eddy *** attention has been paid to the location and shape of the air intakes and their orientation in space,in order to balance the PM convection and diffusion inside the *** a cyclone-type flow pattern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining a high ventilation efficiency.

关键词： Diffuser LES PM RANS unsteady flow exponential decay

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Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C genotype 3 infection:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1596-1612页

作者： Hamzah Z Farooq Michael James Jane Abbott Patrick Oyibo Pip Divall Naheed Choudhry graham R Foster Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUnited Kingdom School of Health and Psychological Sciences University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom University Hospitals of Leicester Library University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a blood-borne virus which globally affects around 79 million people and is associated with high morbidity and *** infection leads to cirrhosis in a large proportion of patients and often causes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in people with *** the 6 HCV genotypes(G1-G6),genotype-3 accounts for 17.9%of *** genotype-3 responds least well to directly-acting antivirals and patients with genotype-3 infection are at increased risk of HCC even if they do not have *** To systematically review and critically appraise all risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV-G3 in all ***,we studied possible risk factors for HCC due to HCV-G3 in the literature from 1946 to *** This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing and published studies of risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 and evaluate their strengths and *** searched Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CENTRAL for publications reporting risk factors for HCC due to HCV genotype-3 in all settings,*** Four thousand one hundred and forty-four records were identified from the four databases with 260 records removed as *** thousand eight hundred and eighty-four records were screened with 3514 *** hundred and seventy-one full-texts were assessed for eligibility with seven studies included for *** the seven studies,three studies were retrospective case-control trials,two retrospective cohort studies,one a prospective cohort study and one a cross-sectional study *** were based in hospital settings with four in Pakistan,two in South Korea and one in the United *** total number of participants were 9621 of which 167 developed HCC(1.7%).All seven studies found cirrhosis to be a risk factor for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 followed by higher age(five-studies),with two studies each showing male sex,high alpha feto-protein,directly-acting antivirals trea

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C Genotype 3 Systematic review Blood-borne viruses Liver cancer

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A dicistrovirus increases pupal mortality in Spodoptera frugiperda by suppressing protease activity and inhibiting larval diet consumption

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2723-2734页

作者： Meixue Sun Tong Li Yingjie Liu Kenneth Wilson Xingyu Chen Robert I.graham Xianming Yang Guangwei Ren Pengjun Xu Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring&Integrated Management Tobacco Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao 266101China Institute of Plant Protection Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450000China Staff Development Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation Zhengzhou 450000China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YWUK Department of Rural Land Use Scotland’s Rural CollegeCraibstone CampusAberdeen AB01ABUK State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

Understanding interactions between viruses and their hosts is conducive to enabling better application of viruses as biocontrol *** viruses carried by parasitic wasps enhance the parasitic efficiency of wasp-larvae by protecting them against the immune system of their Lepidopteran ***,the relationship between prey pests and viruses found in predatory natural enemies remains ***,we report the interaction between Arma chinensis virus-1(AcV-1),originally isolated from a predatory natural enemy,Arma chinensis(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae),and one of its prey species,Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).The results showed that the AcV-1 virus appeared harmful to the novel host *** by inhibiting larval diet consumption and increasing pupal ***,sequencing data indicated that the virus altered the gene expression profiles of *** analysis showed that the proteasome and phagosome pathways related to protein degradation and immune response were significantly *** the expression levels of digestive enzyme genes did not change significantly,the total protease activity of AcV-1 virus-positive individuals was significantly decreased,suggesting that the virus inhibited diet consumption of *** via the down-regulation of digestive enzyme *** results indicate that a virus initially isolated in a predatory natural enemy can decrease the fitness of its prey *** virus was found to impact the host proteasome and phagosome pathways related to protein degradation and immunity,providing a potential mechanism to enhance controlling efficiency.

关键词： Arma chinensis virus-1 diet consumption fitness transcriptome protease activity

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Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables:A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 186-194页

作者： Andreas Konrad Shahab Alizadeh Abdolhamid Daneshjoo Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar Andrew graham Ali Zahiri Reza Goudini Chris Edwards Carina Scharf David George Behm Institute of Human Movement Science Sport and HealthGraz UniversityGraz A-8010Austria School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNL A1C 5S7Canada Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman 76169-13439Iran

Background:It is well known that stretch training can induce prolonged increases in joint range of motion(ROM).However,to date more information is needed regarding which training variables might have greater influence on improvements in ***,the purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate the effects of stretch training on ROM in healthy participants by considering potential moderating variables,such as stretching technique,intensity,duration,frequency,and muscles stretched,as well as sex-specific,age-specific,and/or trained state-specific adaptations to stretch ***:We searched through PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and SportDiscus to find eligible studies and,finally,assessed the results from 77 studies and 186 effect sizes by applying a random-effect ***,by applying a mixed-effect model,we performed the respective subgroup *** find potential relationships between stretch duration or age and effect sizes,we performed a ***:We found a significant overall effect,indicating that stretch training can increase ROM with a moderate effect compared to the controls(effect size=-1.002;Z=-12.074;95%confidence interval:-1.165 to-0.840;p<0.001;I^(2)=74.97).Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference between the stretching techniques(p=0.01)indicating that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching produced greater ROM than did ballistic/dynamic ***,there was a significant effect between the sexes(p=0.04),indicating that females showed higher gains in ROM compared to ***,further moderating analysis showed no significant relation or ***:When the goal is to maximize ROM in the long term,proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation or static stretching,rather than ballistic/dynamic stretching,should be *** to consider in future research as well as sports practice is that neither volume,intensity,nor frequency of stretching were

关键词： Flexibility Long-term stretching Stretch training

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