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Molecular and b.ochemical b.sis of softening in tomato

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 63-72页

作者： Duoduo Wang graham b.seymour College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiang 321004China School of Life Sciences Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Divison of Plant and Crop Sciences University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLeics LE125RDUK

We review the latest information related to the control of fruit softening in tomato and where relevant compare the events with texture changes in other fleshy *** of an acceptab.e texture is essential for consumer acceptance,b.t also determines the postharvest life of *** complex modern supply chain demands effective control of shelf life in tomato without compromising colour and *** control of softening and ripening in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)are discussed with respect to hormonal cues,epigenetic regulation and transcriptional modulation of cell wall structure-related *** the last section we focus on the b.ochemical changes closely linked with softening in tomato including key aspects of cell wall *** important elements of the softening process have b.en identified,b.t our understanding of the mechanistic b.sis of the process in tomato and other fruits remains incomplete,especially the precise relationship b.tween changes in cell wall structure and alterations in fruit texture.

关键词： Tomato Cell walls Softening Pectin Ripening

Tomato molecular b.ology–special collection of papers for molecular horticulture

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 280-283页

作者： graham b.seymour Jocelyn K.C.Rose School of b.osciences Division of Plant and Crop ScienceUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughLeics LE125RDUK School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University331 Emerson HallIthacaNY 14853USA

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is the second most important vegetab.e crop glob.lly,after potato,with ab.ut 100 million tons fresh fruit b.ing grown on 3.7 million hectares(FAO 2021),and is of great importance in the human diet due to the large amount of fruit *** fruit are eaten b.th fresh and,equally importantly,as a processed product in puree,soups and canned *** provide an important dietary source of vitamins and minerals,such as K,Fe and Ca,and are known for the large numb.r of health promoting secondary metab.lites,including the carotenoid and flavonoid pigments that give the fruit a spectrum of yellow,red and orange colours.

关键词： culture orange glob.lly

Organic chemistry T.W. graham Solomons, Craig b. Fryhle. 8th ed.

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Susceptib.lity of field populations of sugarcane b.rer from non-b. and b. maize plants to five individual Cry toxins

2004年

作者： T.W. graham Solomons Craig b. Fryhle.

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Insect Science 2012年第5期19卷 570-578页

作者： Fangneng Huang Mukti N. Ghimire b. Rogers Leonard Yu-Cheng Zhu graham P. Head Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Winnsboro Louisiana Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center USDA-ARS Stoneville Mississippi Monsanto Company St. Louis Missouri USA

Sugarcane b.rer, Diatraea saccharalis （E）, is a major target of transgenic maize expressing b.cillus thuringiensis （b.） proteins in South America and the US mid- south region. Resistance development in target pest populations is a major threat to the sustainab.e use of b. crops. In our field trials in 2009, a significant numb.r of live b.rers and plant injury fi＇om D. saccharalis were ob.erved in an experimental SmartStaxTM maize line. The ob.ective of this study was to assess the relative susceptib.lity of two field popula- tions ofD. saccharalis collected from non-b. and b. maize plants containing SmartStaxTM traits to five individual Cry proteins. The five b. proteins included two proteins （Cry 1A. 105 and Cry2Ab.） that were expressed in SmartStaxTM maize plants and three other common b. proteins （Cry 1Aa, Cry 1Ab.and Cry l Ac） that were not produced in SmartStaxTM. Larval mortality and growth inhib.tion on b. diet of the fourth generation after field collections were evaluated 7 days after release of neonates on the diet surface. The lab.ratory b.oassays showed that 50% lethal concentration （LCs0） values for CrylA. 105 and Cry2Ab. for the population originated from b. plants were 3.55- and 1.34-fold greater, respectively, than those of the population collected from non-b. plants. In contrast, relative to the popula- tion from non-b. plants, the LCs0 of the population sampled from b. plants were 3.85-, 2.5- and 1.64-fold more sensitive to CrylAa, CrylAb.and CrylAc, respectively. The re- sults did not provide clear evidence to conclude that the ob.erved field survival of D. saccharalis on b. plants was associated with increased levels of resistance.

关键词： b.cillus thuringiensis maize stalk b.rer susceptib.lity transgenic crops

Clinical profile of diab.tes at diagnosis among children and adolescents at an endocrine clinic in Ghana

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World Journal of Diab.tes 2017年第9期8卷 429-435页

作者： Emmanuel Ameyaw Serwah b.Asafo-Agyei Sumithira Thavapalan Angela C Middlehurst graham D Ogle Department of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital International Diab.tes Federation Life for a Child Program Diab.tes NSW GlebeNSW 2037Australia

AIM To determine the clinical features of diab.tes in children and adolescents in *** Retrospective review of clinical features of all children and adolescents with new-onset diab.tes seen at the paediatric endocrinology clinic of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, from Feb.uary 2012 to Auguest 2016. RESULTS One hundred and six sub.ects presented with diab.tes. Ninety(84.9%) were diagnosed b. clinical features and family history as type 1, and 16(15.1%) type 2. For type 1 sub.ects, age range at diagnosis was 0.9-19.9 year(y), peak age of onset 12-13 year, and 3.3% were b.I SD was -0.54, range -3.84 to 2.47. 60.0% presented in diab.tic ketoacidosis(DKA). Nine had infections at onset(skin, ab.cess, leg ulcer). Mean± SD Hb. 1c at diagnosis was 12.7% ± 1.9%(115±21 mmol/mol). Four have since died: Hypoglycaemia(2), recurrent DKA(1), osteosarcoma(1). Two other type 1 cases died of DKA at presentation in emergency b.fore b.ing seen b. the paediatric endocrinologist. Crude mortality rate including these 2 cases was 32.2/1000 patient years. Type 2 cases were 81% female, age of onset 9-19 year. Mean b.I SD was 1.49, range -0.87 to 2.61. Forty-three point eight percent presented in DKA. All type 2 cases had acanthosis nigricans. Overall, 9.8% did not have home refrigeration, most using clay pot evaporative cooling for insulin storage. CONCLUSION Type 1 occurs with a female preponderance and high DKA rates. Type 2 also occurs. Typology b.sed on clinical features is difficult. Community and professional awareness is warranted.

关键词： Children Diab.tes Developing countries Ghana Mortality

Molecular phylogeny, morphology and life-history comparisons within Circus cyaneus reveal the presence of two distinct evolutionary lineages

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Chinese b.rds 2016年第4期7卷 187-198页

作者： graham J.Etherington Jason A.Mob.ey Museum of Verteb.ate Zoology 3101 Valley Life Science Building University of California Organisms and Ecosystems The Earlham Institute Norwich Research Park Aquasis Caucaia

b.ckground: Circus cyaneus is a medium-sized b.rd of prey that is widely distrib.ted across the Northern Hemisphere. There are two currently recognized forms, the Palearctic form C. c. cyaneus(Hen Harrier), and the Nearctic form C. c. hudsonius(Northern Harrier). The forms have recently b.en split b. the b.itish Ornithologists' Union b.t the American Ornithologists' Union and some other taxonomic committees have not yet made any change. Here we examine the phylogenetic relationship b.tween the two forms using sequence data from multiple nuclear and mitochondrial genes and examine b.eeding b.ology, b.dy size, morphology, dispersal and other ***: In order to fully compare cyaneus and hudsonius, we carried out a full literature review, measured museum skins and carried out phylogenetic analysis using a numb.r of different mitochondrial genes and compare our findings to other recent ***: We find that these two allopatric taxa form reciprocally monophyletic groups, show sub.tantial mt DNA sequence divergence, and further differ significantly with respect to b.dy size, plumage characters, b.eeding b.ology, dispersal and other b.havioral ***: b.sed on an array of consistently divergent characteristics, it is suggested that the two forms are b.st regarded as separate species, Hen Harrier(Circus cyaneus) and Northern Harrier(Circus hudsonius).

关键词： Circus cyaneus Circus hudsonius Hen Harrier Northern Harrier Phylogenetics Speciation Evolution

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肺动脉高压的发病机制

中华医学杂志 2009年第30期89卷 2091-2093页

作者： b.ian b. graham Rub.n M. Tuder 王丛(译) 王军(审校) Division oi Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care Sciences University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center Denver CO USA 不详

肺动脉高压是严重影响人类健康的重大卫生保健问题，其基础和临床研究近年来备受关注，并取得了令人瞩目的进展。为了促进这个领域的学术交流，经中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺栓塞与肺血管病学组邀请，欧美肺血管病领域的知名专家围绕肺动... 详细信息

肺动脉高压是严重影响人类健康的重大卫生保健问题，其基础和临床研究近年来备受关注，并取得了令人瞩目的进展。为了促进这个领域的学术交流，经中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺栓塞与肺血管病学组邀请，欧美肺血管病领域的知名专家围绕肺动脉高压研究热点问题特为本刊撰写了一组论文。他们分别是来自美国Colorado大学的b.ian ***教授、Rub.n ***教授和麻省总医院的Ioana ***教授，来自英国帝国理工学院的Martin R Wilkins教授、LanZhao教授和剑桥大学的Nicholas ***教授。北京朝阳医院一北京呼吸疾病研究所的部分研究生承担了翻译工作，首都医科大学王军教授、杨媛华教授和翟振国博士等对译文进行了审校。论文的组织、翻译和审校工作得到首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院王辰教授、中国医学科学院北京协和医院陆慰萱教授、国际肺血管病研究院（Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute）Ghazwan b.trous教授的大力支持。

关键词：肺动脉高压首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院发病机制中国医学科学院北京呼吸疾病研究所卫生保健问题肺血管病 graham

High-resolution two-photon polymerization:the most versatile technique for the fab.ication of microneedle arrays

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第5期7卷 1-17页

作者： Zahra Faraji Rad Philip D.Prewett graham J.Davies School of Mechanical and Elearical Engineering University of Southern QueenslandSpringfield CentralQLD 4300Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Oxacus Ltd Dorchester-on-Thames 0X107HNUK Faculty of Engineering UNSW AustraliaKensingtonNSW 2052Australia College of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

Microneedle patches have received much interest in the last two decades as drug/vaccine delivery or fluid sampling systems for diagnostic and monitoring *** are manufactured using a variety of additive and sub.ractive micromanufacturing *** the last decade,much attention has b.en paid to using additive manufacturing techniques in b.th research and industry,such as 3D printing,fused deposition modeling,inkjet printing,and two-photon polymerization(2PP),with 2PP b.ing the most flexib.e method for the fab.ication of microneedle arrays.2PP is one of the most versatile and precise additive manufacturing processes,which enab.es the fab.ication of arb.trary three-dimensional(3D)prototypes directly from computer-aided-design(CAD)models with a resolution down to 100 *** to its unprecedented flexib.lity and high spatial resolution,the use of this technology has b.en widespread for the fab.ication of b.o-microdevices and b.o-nanodevices such as microneedles and microfluidic *** is a pioneering transformative technology that facilitates the fab.ication of complex miniaturized structures that cannot b. fab.icated with estab.ished multistep manufacturing methods such as injection molding,photolithography,and ***,microstructures are designed according to structural and fluid dynamics considerations rather than the manufacturing constraints imposed b. methods such as machining or etching *** article presents the fundamentals of 2PP and the recent development of microneedle array fab.ication through 2PP as a precise and unique method for the manufacture of microstructures,which may overcome the shortcomings of conventional manufacturing processes.

关键词： resolution needle additive

Intruder familiarity and not duet similarity influences the territory defense in a year-round territorial b.rd species

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 152-158页

作者： Tihana Hamzaj b.endan graham Katherine b.nilla Ignacio Gutiérrez Luis Sandoval Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of UlmUlm Gemany Lab.ratorio de Ecología Urb.na y Comunicación Animal Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaMontes de Oca CP11501-2060 Costa Rica Department of b.ological Sciences University of Lethbridge4401 University Dr WLethbridgeABTIK 3M4anada

To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphib.ans,b.rds,and mammals)have developed the capab.lity to distinguish b.tween different intruder types using visual,acoustic,and/or chemical *** the mechanism used for intruder recognition is key to understanding the dynamics of territorial *** b.rds that use vocalizations for territorial defense,the frequency and duration of vocalizations or the familiarity with the intruder may b. the main mechanism used for intruder ***,we conducted a playb.ck experiment with territorial White-eared Ground-sparrows(Melozone leucotis),to analyze if territorial pairs recognize intruders using frequency and duration characteristics(a b.rd’s response is b.sed on how structurally similar the intruders’duets are to their own)or b. familiarity with the intruders(neighb.rs ***-neighb.rs).We focused on duets b.cause this species uses duets exclusively for territorial *** b.oadcasted a duet from a territorial neighb.r,two duets from non-neighb.rs(with different frequency and duration characteristics),and a duet from a control species in 39 territorial pair from three *** playb.ck we measured five b.havioral responses:latency of the first vocalization,latency of the approach to the speaker,time spent close the speaker(within 5 m),numb.r of individuals that approached the speaker,and the numb.r of *** found that territorial White-eared Ground-sparrow pairs responded stronger to neighb.rs than non-neighb.rs,and this response is not influenced b. duet duration or frequency *** result suggests that neighb.rs represent a greater territorial threat for White-eared Ground-sparrows than *** work is necessary to understand how common this ob.ervation is for tropical species that defend small territories year-round.

关键词： Dear enemy Duets Neighb.r-stranger discrimination Territory defense White-eared ground-sparrows