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Chalcog.nide-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第8期63卷 81-108页

作者： Chung.ang.Chen Jinfeng.Zhang.Hailiang.Chu Lixian Sun graham Dawson Kai Dai g.ang.i Key Laboratory of Information Materials Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004GuangxiChina Laboratory of g.een and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications Ministry of EducationCollege of Physics and Electronic InformationHuaibei Normal UniversityHuaibei 235000AnhuiChina Department of Chemistry Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina

The unique photocatalytic mechanism of S-scheme heterojunction can be used to study new and efficient *** carefully selecting.semiconductors for S-scheme heterojunction photo-catalysts,it is possible to reduce the rate of photog.nerated carrier recombination and increase the conversion efficiency of lig.t into *** are a g.oup of compounds that include sulfides and selenides(e.g.,CdS,ZnS,Bi_(2)S_(3),MoS_(2),ZnSe,CdSe,and CuSe).Chalcog.nides have at-tracted considerable attention as heterojunction photocatalysts owing.to their narrow bandg.p,wide lig.t absorption rang.,and excellent photoreduction *** paper presents a thor-oug. analysis of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts based on *** an introduction to the fundamental characteristics and benefits of S-scheme heterojunction photocata-lysts,various chalcog.nide-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst synthesis techniques are *** photocatalysts are used in numerous sig.ificant photocatalytic reactions,in-cluding.the reduction of carbon dioxide,synthesis of hydrog.n peroxide,conversion of org.nic matter,g.neration of hydrog.n from water,nitrog.n fixation,deg.adation of org.nic pollutants,and *** addition,cutting.edg. characterization techniques,including.in situ characterization techniques,are discussed to validate the steady and transient states of photocatalysts with an S-scheme ***,the desig. and challeng.s of chalcog.nide-based S-scheme het-erojunction photocatalysts are explored and recommended in lig.t of state-of-the-art research.

关键词： Photocatalysis Chalcog.nide S-scheme heterojunction Charg. separation Application

Experimental Investig.tion of Thermal Performance of Novel Finned Radiators for Automotive Cooling.System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1726-1743页

作者： SINg. Hardeep TINg.David S-K READER graham ESHTIAg.I Nicky ICHIyANAg. Mitsuhisa SUZUKI Takashi Turbulence&Energ. Laboratory University of WindsorWindsor N9B 3P4Canada Chemical and Environmental Eng.neering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Department of Eng.neering.and Applied Sciences Sophia UniversityTokyo 102-8554Japan

This research investig.tes innovative fin-type radiators for automobile eng.ne cooling.***-channel and helical radiators,along.with straig.t type,were analyzed for heat transfer characteristics under various *** uniqueness of this study is evident in the desig. of microchannel and helical *** helical radiators,the inner rod features 4/8 helical-shaped water g.lleries,while the outer tube frame with embedded fins remains *** contrast,the microchannel radiators have compact trapezoidal-shaped water g.lleries with separate fin ***,the novelty of the research is enhanced by the utilization of 3D printing.technolog. in the manufacturing.*** constant fin heig.t analysis at varied water and air flow rate,Microchannel Water Air Radiator with fin heig.t 10.5 mm(MCWAR10.5)depicted a hig.er heat transfer rate among.t the *** comparison to Straig.t Water Air Radiator with fin heig.t 9.5 mm(SWAR9.5),the heat transfer rate is 30.3%and 1.3 times ***,in constant fin surface area analysis,microchannel radiator(MCWAR3.2)illustrates lower heat dissipation than Helical radiator(HWAR138)but hig.er than HWAR134 and Straig.t radiator(SWAR6).The examination of pumping.loss indicated that the Micro-channel radiator outperformed helical radiators due to its lower pressure *** averag. pressure loss for Micro-channel radiators was 0.74 kPa,making.it 1.2 times hig.er than that of a straig.t radiator(0.62 kPa),indicating.a better trade-off.

关键词： heat exchang.rs multi-channel helical heat exchang.r heat transfer 3D printing

g.nomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Orig.n,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared H.graham Johannes C.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu yang.Martin W.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for g.nomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

g.nomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique g.netic ***,research focused on the impact of g.nomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overg.owth *** recently,we increasing.y shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineag. and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of g.nomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding.of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of g.nomic mosaicism has a rich history,technolog.cal advances in the last decade have chang.d our approaches and g.eatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for g.nomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of g.nomic mosaicism.

关键词： g.nomics Brain development Brain homeostasis g.nomic mosaicism

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental g.adients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integ.ative Zoolog. 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAyLOR Aluwani NENg.VHELA Christiane DENyS graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVy Department of Zoolog. School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalog. National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biolog. McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada g.g.ielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned imag.s can provide insig.ts into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for converg.nce to extreme aridity and hig. elevation in the sensory and brain morpholog. of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and g.rbils,g.rbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated converg.nt evolution acting.on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarg.d in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and g.rbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in hig. elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of converg.nce in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to hig. *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and g.rbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being.hig.ly diverg.nt(not converg.nt)from other species in the same *** observed g.eater“packing.of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from hig. and low elevations compared to the hig.-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiolog. and heat exchang. in the nasal epithelium associated with hig.-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

Hig.-speed silicon photonic electro-optic Kerr modulation

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 51-60页

作者： JONATHAN PELTIER WEIWEI ZHANg.LEOPOLD VIROT CHRISTIAN LAFFORg.E LUCAS DENIEL DELPHINE MARRIS-MORINI g.y AUBIN FARAH AMAR DENH TRAN XINg.HAO yAN CALLUM g.LITTLEJOHNS CARLOS ALONSO-RAMOS KE LI DAVID J.THOMSON graham REED LAURENT VIVIEN University Paris-Saclay CNRSCentre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(C2N)Palaiseau 91120France University g.enoble Alpes CEALETIGrenoble 38000France Optoelectronics Research Centre Zepler Institute for Photonics and NanoelectronicsFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Silicon-based electro-optic modulators contribute to easing.the integ.ation of hig.-speed and low-power consumption circuits for classical optical communications and data *** the plasma dispersion modulation,an alternative solution in silicon is to exploit the DC Kerr effect,which g.nerates an equivalent linear electro-optical effect enabled by applying.a larg. DC electric *** some theoretical and experimental studies have shown its existence in silicon,limited contributions relative to plasma dispersion have been achieved in hig.-speed modulation so *** paper presents hig.-speed optical modulation based on the DC Kerr effect in silicon PIN *** contributions of both plasma dispersion and Kerr effects have been analyzed in different waveg.ide config.rations,and we demonstrated that the Kerr induced modulation is dominant when a hig. external DC electric field is applied in PIN ***-speed optical modulation response is analyzed,and eye diag.ams up to 80 g.it/s in NRZ format are obtained under a *** of 30 *** work paves the way to exploit the Kerr effect to g.nerate hig.-speed Pockels-like optical modulation.

关键词： waveg.ide dispersion effect

The variation of DOM during.long.distance water transport by the China South to North Water Diversion Scheme and impact on drinking.water treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Eng.neering 2024年第5期18卷 85-100页

作者： Hankun yang.yujuan Li Hong.u Liu Nig.l J.D.graham Xue Wu Jiawei Hou Meng.ie Liu Wenyu Wang.Wenzheng.yu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and TechnologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Environment and Municipal Eng.neering Qingdao Technological UniversityQingdao266033China Colleg.s of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150006China Department of Civil and Environmental Eng.neering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK School of Chemistry and Chemical Eng.neering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane Processes School of Environment Science and EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China

In this study,samples were taken from three locations,upstream to downstream,along.the central route project of the China South to North Water Diversion(SNWD)scheme in summer and *** were used to reveal the variations of dissolved org.nic matter(DOM)during.the water transfer process,and the effects of these variations on drinking.water treatment and disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPs-FP).The results showed that polysaccharides accumulate in summer and reduce in winter with flow distance,which has an important effect on the overall properties of DOM,as well as on the performance of coag.lation,ultrafiltration,and the formation of *** substances,and their hydrophilic content,also increased in summer and decreased in winter with flow *** contrast,the concentration of small org.nic substances(MW≤1000 Da)increased in both summer and winter with flow distance,which affected both nanofiltration(NF)membrane fouling.and *** results provide a useful case study of spatial and temporal chang.s in raw water DOM during.long.distance water transfer and their impact on the treatment and quality of drinking.water from the SNWD.

关键词： Long.distance water transfer The China South to North Water Diversion Scheme Coag.lation Membrane filtration Disinfection by-products

Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Space Applications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 547-562页

作者： Matthew R.Coburn Charlie young.Chris Smith graham Schultz Mig.el Robayo Zheng.Tong.Xie Faculty of Eng.neering.and Physical Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Plastron UK Ltd. Westcott Venture ParkWestcottHP180XBUK Renewable Energ. g.oup University of ExeterExeterTR109FEUK

A prototype cleanroom for hazardous testing.and handling.of satellites prior to launcher encapsulation,satisfying.the ISO8 standard has been desig.ed and analyzed in terms of *** Reynolds Averag.d Navier-Stokes(URANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and particulate matter(PM)*** outcomes of the URANS models have been validated throug. comparison with equivalent larg.-eddy *** attention has been paid to the location and shape of the air intakes and their orientation in space,in order to balance the PM convection and diffusion inside the *** a cyclone-type flow pattern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining.a hig. ventilation efficiency.

关键词： Diffuser LES PM RANS unsteady flow exponential decay

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C g.notype 3 infection:A systematic review

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World Journal of g.strointestinal Oncolog. 2024年第4期16卷 1596-1612页

作者： Hamzah Z Farooq Michael James Jane Abbott Patrick Oyibo Pip Divall Naheed Choudhry graham R Foster Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUnited Kingdom School of Health and Psycholog.cal Sciences University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom University Hospitals of Leicester Library University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom

BACKg.OUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a blood-borne virus which g.obally affects around 79 million people and is associated with hig. morbidity and *** infection leads to cirrhosis in a larg. proportion of patients and often causes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in people with *** the 6 HCV g.notypes(g.-g.),g.notype-3 accounts for 17.9%of *** g.notype-3 responds least well to directly-acting.antivirals and patients with g.notype-3 infection are at increased risk of HCC even if they do not have *** To systematically review and critically appraise all risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV-g. in all ***,we studied possible risk factors for HCC due to HCV-g. in the literature from 1946 to *** This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing.and published studies of risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV g.notype-3 and evaluate their streng.hs and *** searched Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CENTRAL for publications reporting.risk factors for HCC due to HCV g.notype-3 in all setting.,*** Four thousand one hundred and forty-four records were identified from the four databases with 260 records removed as *** thousand eig.t hundred and eig.ty-four records were screened with 3514 *** hundred and seventy-one full-texts were assessed for elig.bility with seven studies included for *** the seven studies,three studies were retrospective case-control trials,two retrospective cohort studies,one a prospective cohort study and one a cross-sectional study *** were based in hospital setting. with four in Pakistan,two in South Korea and one in the United *** total number of participants were 9621 of which 167 developed HCC(1.7%).All seven studies found cirrhosis to be a risk factor for HCC secondary to HCV g.notype-3 followed by hig.er ag.(five-studies),with two studies each showing.male sex,hig. alpha feto-protein,directly-acting.antivirals trea

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C g.notype 3 Systematic review Blood-borne viruses Liver cancer

A dicistrovirus increases pupal mortality in Spodoptera frug.perda by suppressing.protease activity and inhibiting.larval diet consumption

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Journal of Integ.ative Ag.iculture 2024年第8期23卷 2723-2734页

作者： Meixue Sun Tong.Li ying.ie Liu Kenneth Wilson Xing.u Chen Robert I.graham Xianming.yang.g.ang.ei Ren Peng.un Xu Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring.Integ.ated Manag.ment Tobacco Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao 266101China Institute of Plant Protection Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450000China Staff Development Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation Zhengzhou 450000China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YWUK Department of Rural Land Use Scotland’s Rural CollegeCraibstone CampusAberdeen AB01ABUK State Key Laboratory for Biolog. of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

Understanding.interactions between viruses and their hosts is conducive to enabling.better application of viruses as biocontrol *** viruses carried by parasitic wasps enhance the parasitic efficiency of wasp-larvae by protecting.them ag.inst the immune system of their Lepidopteran ***,the relationship between prey pests and viruses found in predatory natural enemies remains ***,we report the interaction between Arma chinensis virus-1(AcV-1),orig.nally isolated from a predatory natural enemy,Arma chinensis(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae),and one of its prey species,Spodoptera frug.perda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).The results showed that the AcV-1 virus appeared harmful to the novel host *** by inhibiting.larval diet consumption and increasing.pupal ***,sequencing.data indicated that the virus altered the g.ne expression profiles of *** analysis showed that the proteasome and phag.some pathways related to protein deg.adation and immune response were sig.ificantly *** the expression levels of dig.stive enzyme g.nes did not chang. sig.ificantly,the total protease activity of AcV-1 virus-positive individuals was sig.ificantly decreased,sug.esting.that the virus inhibited diet consumption of *** via the down-reg.lation of dig.stive enzyme *** results indicate that a virus initially isolated in a predatory natural enemy can decrease the fitness of its prey *** virus was found to impact the host proteasome and phag.some pathways related to protein deg.adation and immunity,providing.a potential mechanism to enhance controlling.efficiency.

关键词： Arma chinensis virus-1 diet consumption fitness transcriptome protease activity