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Thermohydraulics of Turbulent Flow Through Heat Exchanger Tubes Fitted with Circular-rings and Twisted Tapes

2000年

作者： Roger P. smith M.d. (auth.)

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2013年第6期21卷 585-593页

作者： smith Eiamsa-ard Vichan Kongkaitpaiboon Kwanchai Nanan department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahanakom University of Technology Bangkok10530 Thailand

circular-ring turbulators (CRT ) 和扭曲的磁带(TT ) 的影响打漩在一个圆试管的热转移改进，压力落下和热表演因素特征上的发电机被报导。circular-ring turbulators 个别地被采用并且和扭曲的磁带打漩在试管的激烈的节的发电机。三... 详细信息

circular-ring turbulators (CRT ) 和扭曲的磁带(TT ) 的影响打漩在一个圆试管的热转移改进，压力落下和热表演因素特征上的发电机被报导。circular-ring turbulators 个别地被采用并且和扭曲的磁带打漩在试管的激烈的节的发电机。三不同沥青比率(l/d = 1.0， 1.5，和 2.0 ) CRT 和三不同扭曲比率(y/W = 3， 4，和 5 ) TT 被介绍。实验在一个一致的墙热流动条件下面作为工作液体用空气被进行，为在 6000 和 20000 之间的雷纳兹数字。试验性的结果表明热转移率，磨擦因素和联合 CRT 和 TT 的热表演因素独自比 CRT 的那些更加高。为检验的范围，在与联合设备装备的试管，分别地，吝啬的 Nusselt 数字，磨擦因素和热性能的增加在在试管的那些上是 25.8% ， 82.8% 和 6.3% 与 CRT 独自一个。1.42 的最高热的表演因素被作出对有利的裁决与 l/d = 由 CRT 组成的联合设备 1.0 并且有 y/W = 的 TT 3。Nusselt 数字，磨擦因素和有联合设备的试管的热表演因素的关联也以雷纳兹数字， Prandtl 数字，扭曲比率和沥青比率被开发。

关键词：圆形扭带热交换器性能系数环和热工湍流组合装置

Redox therapeutics in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury

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World Journal of Hepatology 2014年第1期6卷 1-8页

作者： Rakesh P Patel John d Lang Alvin B smith Jack H Crawford department of Pathology Center for Free Radical Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine department of Anesthesiology University of Alabama Birmingham division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology University of Alabama Birmingham

Ischemia-reperfusion plays a major role in the injury experienced by the liver during transplantation. Much work has been done recently investigating the role of redox species in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. As animal models are better characterized and developed, and more insights are gained into the pathophysiology of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in humans the questions into exactly how oxidants participate in this injury are becoming more refined. These questions include effects of cellular location, timing of injury, and ability of therapeutics to access this site are increasing our appreciation of the complexity of ischemia reperfusion and improving attempts to ameliorate its effects. In this review, we aim to discuss the various methods to alter redox chemistry during ischemia reperfusion injury and future prospects for preventing organ injury during hepatic ischemia reperfusion.

关键词： Ischemia Reperfusion Pre-conditioning Nitrite

Vegetated treatment area (VTAs) efficiencies for E. coli and nutrient removal on small-scale swine operations

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 153-164页

作者： R.daren Harmel Rehanon Pampell Terry Gentry doug R.smith Chad Hajda Kevin Wagner Patti K.smith Rick L.Haney Kori d.Higgs USdA-ARS 2150Centre Ave.Bldg.DSuite340Fort CollinsCO80526USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research 720E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Soil and Crop Sciences dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA USdA-ARS 808E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Oklahoma State University 139Ag HallStillwaterOK74078USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA

As small-scale animal feeding operations work to manage their byproducts and avoid regulation, they need practical, cost-effective methods to reduce environmental impact. One such option is using vege-tative treatment areas (VTAs) with perennial grasses to treat runoff;however, research is limited on VTA effectiveness as a waste management alternative for smaller operations. This study evaluated the effi-ciencies of VTAs in reducing bacteria and nutrient runoff from small-scale swine operations in three counties in Central Texas. Based on 4 yr of runoff data, the Bell and Brazos VTAs significantly reduced loads and concentrations of E. coli and nutrients (except NO3-N) and had treatment efficiencies of 73–94%. Most notably, the Bell VTA reduced loads of E. coli, NH4-N, PO4-P, total N, and total P similar to that of the background (control). In spite of significant reductions, runoff from the Brazos VTA had higher concentrations and loads than the control site, especially following installation of concrete pens and increased pen washing, which produced standing water and increased E. coli and nutrient influx. The Robertson VTA produced fewer significant reductions and had lower treatment efficiencies (29–69%);however, E. coli and nutrient concentrations and loads leaving this VTA were much lower than observed at the Bell and Brazos County sites due to alternative solids management and enclosed pens. Based on these results and previous research, VTAs can be practical, effective waste management alternatives for reducing nutrient and bacteria losses from small-scale animal operations, but only if properly designed and managed.

关键词： Bacteria Nutrients Swine manure Waste management Water quality

Impact of colorectal cancer screening participation in remote northern Canada:A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第48期26卷 7652-7663页

作者： Heather A smith Andrew d Scarffe Nicole Brunet Cait Champion Kami Kandola Alisha Tessier Robin Boushey Craig Kuziemsky department of Surgery University of OttawaOttawa K1Y4E9OntarioCanada Telfer School of Management University of OttawaOttawa K1N6N5OntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine University of OttawaOttawa K1Y4E9OntarioCanada department of Surgery Northern Ontario School of MedicineSudbury P3E2C6OntarioCanada department of Health and Social Services Government of the Northwest TerritoriesYellowknife X1A1P5Northwest TerritoriesCanada department of Surgery Stanton Territorial Health AuthorityYellowknife X1A0H1Northwest TerritoriesCanada division of General Surgery University of OttawaOttawa K1H 8L6OntarioCanada Office of Research Services MacEwan UniversityEdmonton T5J4S2AlbertaCanada

BACKGROUNd Screening provides earlier colorectal cancer(CRC)detection and improves *** remains poorly understood if these benefits are realized with screening guidelines in remote northern populations of Canada where CRC rates are nearly twice the national average and access to colonoscopy is *** To evaluate the participation and impact of CRC screening guidelines in a remote northern *** This retrospective cohort study included residents of the Northwest Territories,a northern region of Canada,age 50-74 who underwent CRC screening by a fecal immunohistochemical test(FIT)between January 1,2014 to March 30,*** assess impact,individuals with a screen-detected CRC were compared to clinically-detected CRC cases for stage and location of CRC between *** assess participation,we conducted subgroup analyses of FIT positive individuals exploring the relationships between signs and symptoms of CRC at the time of screening,wait-times for colonoscopy,and screening *** sample Welch t-test was used for normally distributed continuous variables,Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Tests for data without normal distribution,and Chi-square goodness of fit test for categorical variables.A P value ofdered to be statistically *** 6817 fecal tests were completed,meaning an annual average screening rate of 25.04%,843(12.37%)were positive,629 individuals underwent a follow-up colonoscopy,of which,24.48%had advanced neoplasia(AN),5.41%had *** were no significant differences in stage,pathology,or location between screen-detected cancers and clinically-detected *** assessing participation and screening outcomes,we observed 49.51%of individuals referred for colonoscopy after FIT were ineligible for CRC screening,most often due to signs and symptoms of *** were more likely to have AN if they had signs and symptoms of cancer at the time of screening,waited over 180 d for colonoscopy,or were indigenous[

关键词： Gastroenterology Rural health services Public health Colorectal neoplasms Early detection of cancer Northwest Territories

Mass Spectrometric Analyses Reveal a Central Role for Ubiquitylation in Remodeling the Arabidopsis Proteome during Photomorphogenesis

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Molecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 846-865页

作者： Victor Aguilar-Hernandez do-Young Kim Robert J. Stankey Mark Scalf Lloyd M. smith Richard d. Vierstra department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1137 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA department of Genetics 425-G Henry Mall department of Chemistry 1101 University Avenue University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Advanced Bio Convergence Center Pohang Technopark Gyeong-Buk South Korea 37668

The switch from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis is a key developmental transition in the life of seed plants. While much of the underpinning proteome remodeling is driven by light-induced changes in gene expression, the proteolytic removal of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system is also likely paramount. Through mass spectrometric analysis of ubiquitylated proteins affinity-purified from etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings before and after red-light irradiation, we identified a number of influential proteins whose ubiquitylation status is modified during this switch. We observed a substantial enrichment for proteins involved in auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroid signaling, peroxisome function, disease resistance, protein phosphorylation and light perception, including the phytochrome （Phy） A and phototropin photoreceptors. Soon after red-light treatment, PhyA becomes the dominant ubiquitylated species, with ubiquitin attachment sites mapped to six lysines. A PhyA mutant protected from ubiquitin addition at these sites is substantially more stable in planta upon photoconversion to Pfr and is hyperactive in driving photomorphogenesis. However, light still stimulates ubiquitylation and degradation of this mutant, implying that other attachment sites and/or proteolytic pathways exist. Collectively, we expand the catalog of ubiquitylation targets in Arabidopsis and show that this post- translational modification is central to the rewiring of plants for photoautotrophic growth.

关键词： Arabidopsis ubiquitin mass spectrometry photomorphogenesis phytochrome degradation

Palm oil protectsα-linolenic acid from rumen biohydrogenation and muscle oxidation in cashmere goat kids

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 711-728页

作者： Xue Wang graeme B.Martin Qi Wen Shulin Liu Yinhao Li Binlin Shi Xiaoyu Guo Yanli Zhao Yangdong Guo Sumei Yan Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia

Background:In ruminants,dietary C18:3n-3 can be lost through biohydrogenation in the rumen;and C18:3n-3 that by-passes the rumen still can be lost through oxidation in muscle,theoretically reducing the deposition of C18:3n-3,the substrate for synthesis of poly-unsaturated fatty acids(n-3 LCPUFA)in *** vitro studies have shown that rumen hydrogenation of C18:3n-3 is reduced by supplementation with palm oil(rich in cis-9 C18:1).In addition,in hepatocytes,studies with neonatal rats have shown that cis-9 C18:1 inhibits the oxidation of C18:*** therefore seems likely that palm oil could reduce both rumen biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 and muscle oxidation of C18:*** present experiment tested whether the addition of palm oil to a linseed oil supplement for goat kids would prevent the losses of C18:3n-3 and thus improve the FA composition in two muscles,Longissimus dorsi and Biceps *** investigate the processes involved,we studied the rumen bacterial communities and measured the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in Longissimus *** 4-month-old castrated male Albas white cashmere kids were randomly allocated among three dietary *** three diets contained the same ingredients in the same proportions,but differed in their fat additives:palm oil(PMO),linseed oil(LSO)or mixed oil(MIX;2 parts linseed oil plus 1 part palm oil on a weight basis).Results:Compared with the LSO diet,the MIX diet decreased the relative abuandance of Pseudobutyrivibrio,a bacterial species that is positively related to the proportional loss rate of dietary C18:3n-3 and that has been reported to generate the ATP required for biohydrogenation(reflecting a decrease in the abundance of rumen bacteria that hydrogenate C18:3n-3 in MIX kids).In muscle,the MIX diet increased concentrations of C18:3n-3,C20:5n-3,C22:6n-3,and n-3 LCPUFA,and thus decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio;decreased the mRNA expression of CPT1β(a gene associated with fatty acid oxidation)and

关键词： desaturases docosahexaenoic acid Hydrogenation Goats Meat Oleic acid Oxidative stress

Vitamin A supplementation downregulates AdH1C and ALdH1A1 mRNA expression in weaned beef calves

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 372-381页

作者： Xue Cheng Jin dong Qiao Peng Seong Jin Kim Na Yeon Kim Jalil Ghassemi Nejad danil Kim Stephen B.smith Hong Gu Lee department of Animal Science and Technology Sanghvi College of Life SciencesKonkuk UniversitySeoul 05029Republic of Korea Asia Pacific Ruminant Institute Icheon 17385Republic of Korea Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center Institute of Green-Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchang 25354Republic of Korea department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Our previous studies demonstrated that oral vitamin A supplementation during late-stage pregnancy and the neonatal stage enhances birth weight,growth performance,and mRNA expression related to muscle and preadipocyte development in beef *** alcohol dehydrogenase 1C(AdH1C)c.-64T>C genotype also correlated with vitamin A concentration in beef *** study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin A supplementation on the muscle development and vitamin A metabolism in weaned beef calves with different AdH1C *** male calves(90 d of age;initial BW:89.03 kg[Sd 8.60])were stratified according to AdH1C genotype and vitamin A treatment(duration:3 months)and randomly assigned to 4 groups with a 22 factorial *** A treatments included the following:control(10,000 IU/kg of as-fed,*** type;*** type);treatment(40,000 IU/kg of as-fed,*** type;and *** type).Parameters including BW,FI,blood,longissimus dorsi muscle,and liver status during the experimental period were analyzed using the generalized linear model(GLM)procedure and Tukey's test by SAS 9.4 *** vitamin A was significantly increased(Pd 6 months of *** type calves showed higher serum vitamin A concentration(Pde and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)levels increased(Pd with the control at 6 months of ***,BW,AdG and FI showed no differences between the *** addition,mRNA expression in longissimus dorsi muscle revealed upregulation of paired box 7(PAX7)(Pd based on biopsy *** AdH1C and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALdH)1A1 mRNA expression was downregulated(PdH1C showed higher mRNA expression than the TT ***,no effect was observed on adipogenic mRNA expression(preadipocyte factor-1[PREF-1],peroxisome proliferator-activated rece

关键词： Vitamin A AdH1C genotype Muscle development Korean native calves

The concentration game: differential effects of bioactive signaling in 2d and3d culture

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 66-68页

作者： Laura A.smith Callahan The Vivian L.smith department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system,such as traumatic brain injury,spinal cord injury and stroke,have a high prevalence,enormous financial costs and lack clinical treatments that restore neurological function（Ma et al.,2014）These injuries trigger a series of secondary biochemical and cellular responses that ultimately lead to cellular death and themaintenance of an unsupportive extracellular matrix （ECM） for tissue regeneration （Silva et al., 2014）. Artificial ECM or scaf- folds represent a way to alter this unsupportive environment to improve the efficacy of stem cell therapies and enhance neural tissue regeneration （Figure 1）.

关键词： bioactive injuries restore biochemical neurological traumatic signaling scaffold ultimately likely

Real-Time Mesoscale Forecast Support during the CLAMS Field Campaign

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2007年第4期24卷 599-605页

作者：王东海 P. MINNIS T. P. CHARLOCK d. K. ZHOU F. G. ROSE W. L. smith W. L. smith Jr L. NGUYEN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Center for Atmospheric Sciences Hampton University Hampton Virginia Langley Research Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Hampton Virginia Analytical Services ＆ Materials Inc. Hampton Virginia

This paper reports the use of a specialized, mesoscale, numerical weather prediction （NWP） system and a satellite imaging and prediction system that were set up to support the CLAMS （Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites） field campaign during the summer of 2001. The primary objective of CLAMS was to validate satellite-based retrievals of aerosol properties and vertical profiles of the radiative flux, temperature and water vapor. Six research aircraft were deployed to make detailed coincident measurements of the atmosphere and ocean surface with the research satellites that orbited overhead. The mesoscale weather modeling system runs in real-time to provide high spatial and temporal resolution for forecasts that are delivered via the World Wide Web along with a variety of satellite imagery and satellite location predictions. This system is a multi-purpose modeling system capable of both data analysis/assimilation and multi-scale NWP ranging from cloud-scale to larger than regional scale. This is a three-dimensional, non-hydrostatic compressible model in a terrain-following coordinate. The model employs advanced numerical techniques and contains detailed interactive physical processes. The utility of the forecasting system is illustrated throughout the discussion on the impact of the surface-wind forecast on BRdF （Bidirectional Reflectance distribution Function） and the description of the cloud/moisture forecast versus the aircraft measurement.

关键词： CLAMS field campaign mesoscale numerical weather prediction forecast support