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Self-management of coronary heart disease in older patients after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第5期13卷 393-400页

作者： Susan dawkes graeme d smith Lawrie Elliott Robert Raeside Jayne H donaldson School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom department of Nursing and Community Health Glasgow Caledonian University Scotland United Kingdom Employment Research Institute Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom School of Health Sciences University of Stirling Scotland United Kingdom

Objective To explore how older patients self-manage their coronary heart disease （CHd） aider undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty （PTCA）. Methods This mixed methods study used a sequential, explanatory design and recruited a convenience sample of patients （n = 93） approximately three months after elective PTCA. The study was conducted in two phases. Quantitative data collected in Phase 1 by means of a self-administered survey were subject to univariate and bivariate analysis. Phase 1 findings in- formed the purposive samplhag for Phase 2 where ten participants were selected from the original sample for an in-depth interview. Qualita- tive data were analysed using thematic analysis. This paper will primarily report the findings from a sub-group of older participants （n = 47） classified as 65 years of age or older. Results 78.7% （n = 37） of participants indicated that they would manage recurring angina symptoms by taking glyceryl trinitrate and 34% （n = 16） thought that resting would help. Regardless of the duration or severity of the symptoms 40.5% （n = 19） would call their general practitioner or an emergency ambulance for assistance during any recurrence of angina symptoms. Older participants weighed less （P = 0.02） and smoked less （P = 0.01） than their younger counterparts in the study. Age did not seem to affect PTCA patients＇ likelihood of altering dietary factors such as fruit, vegetable and saturated fat consumption （P = 0.237）. Conclusions The findings suggest that older people in the study were less likely to know how to correctly manage any recurring angina symptoms than their younger counterparts but they had fewer risk factors for CHd. Age was not a factor that influenced participants＇ likelihood to alter lifestyle factors.

关键词： Angina pectoris Coronary disease Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Self-management

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爱丁堡大学本科护理教育的特点分析及借鉴

中国高等医学教育 2009年第1期 40-42页

作者：沈翠珍 graeme d smith 彭美慈浙江中医药大学护理学院浙江杭州310053 英国爱丁堡大学健康社会科学院香港理工大学护理学院

文章在基于对爱丁堡大学本科护理教育特点分析的基础上,提出我国护理教育应创新课程设置,重视实践教学,多种教学方法并用,将评判性思维的培养和以证据为基础的护理贯穿于整个护理教学过程中以及改革教学评价方法等五条建议。

关键词：护理教育教学改革英国

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.smith Jessica L.Williams department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George d.Bittner department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

do animal eyespots really mimic eyes？

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 26-36页

作者： Martin STEVENS graeme d RUXTON Centre for Ecology & Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE UK School of Biology University of St Andrews Dyers Brae House St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH UK

The diversity of anti-predator adaptations in the natural world has long been an active area of research in evolutionary and behavioural biology. A common visually-obvious feature found on prey are ＇eyespots＇, being approximately circular mark- ings often with concentric rings and conspicuous colours. These are found on a range of animals, especially adult and larval Lepidoptera and fish. One of the most widespread functions of eyespots seems to be to intimidate or startle predators： delaying, preventing or halting an attack. However, while the fact that they can influence predators in this way is tmcuntroversial, the mechanism（s） behind why they are effective is debated. Traditionally, they have been assumed to work by mimicking the eyes of the predator＇s own enemies, and much research in this field is conducted under the implicit or explicit assumption that this theory is correct. However, eyespots might work simply by being highly salient stimuli that promote sensory overload, biases, or neo- phobic reactions in predators. A range of recent studies has aimed to test these alternatives. Here, we critically evaluate this work and what it tells us about the mechanisms underlying eyespot function. We conclude that although eye mimicry is plausible, there remains a lack of evidence to support it and most observations are at least equally consistent with alternative mechanisms. Finally we also discuss how the debate can be resolved

关键词： Eyespots Predation Animal coloration Mimicry Warning signals

Property transformation under specification change

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2011年第1期5卷 1-13页

作者： Zheng Fu (1) zhengfu@itee.uq.edu.au graeme smith (1) 1. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia

Formal specifications of software systems need to evolve in many ways during system development. Not only are changes required to refine the specification toward an implementation, they are also required in response to changes in requirements, or to incorporate different aspects of the system, e.g., fault tolerance or timing, initially ignored in order to simplify reasoning. This paper presents an approach for evolving Z specifications by the step-wise application of a number of simple rules. These rules not only document the evolution of the specification, but also make precise how properties of the system evolve with the specification. Hence, reasoning about these properties performed on the original specification need not be repeated on the new specification.

关键词： formal methods Z refinement temporallogic system property

Natural killer cell-triggered vascular transformation:maternal care before birth?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Jianhong Zhang Zhilin Chen graeme N smith B.Anne Croy department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

Natural killer(NK)cells are found in lymphoid and non-lymphoid *** addition to important roles in immune surveillance,some NK cells contribute to angiogenesis and circulatory *** uterus of early pregnancy is a non-lymphoid organ enriched in NK cells that are specifically recruited to placental attachment *** species with invasive hemochorial placentation,these uterine natural killer(uNK)cells,via secretion of cytokines,chemokines,mucins,enzymes and angiogenic growth factors,contribute to the physiological change of mesometrial endometrium into the unique stromal environment called decidua *** humans,uNK cells have the phenotype Cd56^(bright) Cd16^(dim) and they appear in great abundance in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and early *** expression studies indicate that Cd56^(bright) Cd16^(dim) uterine and circulating cells are functionally *** humans but not mice or other species with post-implantation decidualization,uNK cells may contribute to blastocyst implantation and are of interest as therapeutic targets in female *** and genetic studies in mice first identified triggering of the process of gestation spiral arterial modification as a major uNK cell function,achieved via interferon(IFN)-c *** spiral arterial modification,branches from the uterine artery that traverse the endometrium/decidua transiently lose their muscular coat and ability to *** expression of vascular markers changes from arterial to venous as these vessels dilate and become low-resistance,high-volume *** understanding of the vascular interactions of human uNK cells is difficult to obtain because endometrial time-course studies are not possible in pregnant *** we briefly review key information concerning uNK cell functions from studies in rodents,summarize highlights concerning human uNK cells and describe our preliminary studies on development of a humanized,pregnant

关键词： decidua humanized mice pregnancy uterine natural killer cell

Challenges in Understanding Genome-Wide dNA Methylation

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第1期25卷 26-34页

作者：张伟奇 Andrew d. smith Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor Bioinformatics division TNLIST and MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics Tsinghua University department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California

dNA methylation is a chemical modification of the bases in genomes. This modification, most frequently found at CpG dinucleotides in eukaryotes, has been identified as having multiple critical functions in broad and diverse species of animals and plants, while mysteriously appears to be lacking from several other well-studied species. dNA methylation has well known and important roles in genome stability and defense, its pattern change highly correlates with gene regulation. Much evidence has linked abnormal dNA methylation to human diseases. Most prominently, aberrant dNA methylation is a common feature of cancer genomes. Elucidating the precise functions of dNA methylation therefore has great biomedical significance. Here we provide an update on large-scale experimental technologies for detecting dNA methylation on a genomic scale. We also discuss new prospect and challenges that computational biologist will face when analyzing dNA methylation data.

关键词： dNA methylation epigenome computational epigenomics

Annual-perennial plant relationships and species selection for desert restoration

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 298-309页

作者： Scott R ABELLA Stanley d smith department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada 89154-3064USA School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada 89154-4004USA

Exotic plant invasion is a growing concern in the conservation and management of indigenous arid land ecosystems. By creating areas of ameliorated microclimates and fertile soil below their canopies, perennial plants might influence exotic annual plant invasions. We conducted a quantitative literature review of studies that compared exotic annual plant abundance among native perennial plant species and interspace （open areas） microsites in North America＇s Mojave desert, where exotic plant invasion has corresponded with increasing extent of wildfire and broad-scale ecosystem transformation. Ten studies compared exotic annual plant abundance between inter- spaces and below a total of 36 native perennial species. These studies revealed that：（1） With few exceptions, most native perennial species supported a greater abundance of exotic annuals than interspaces, indicating overall facilitation of exotic species by native perennials. （2） Exotic species abundance varied by orders of magnitude among native perennial species, with some perennial species harboring amounts of exotics similar to interspaces. （3） distributions of dominant exotic species varied, where Bromus rubens displayed a greater affinity for below-perennial microsites than did Schismus spp. and Erodium cicutarium that often were most abundant in interspaces. Results suggest that the degree of facilitation of exotic plants warrants consideration when selecting native perennial species for revegetation and restoration projects.

关键词： Bromus rubens exotic fertile island invasive nurse plant positive plant interaction Schismus