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Black Garlic as an Antiviral for h.rpes Simplex Virus-2 in Lung Cells

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotech.ology 2024年第1期15卷 70-89页

作者： Jenna R. h.rowitz Lee h. Lee Sandra D. Adams Department of Biology Montclair State University Montclair NJ USA

Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with.its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains h.gh.r levels of antioxidants th.n fresh.garlic. Antioxidants play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress during viral infections. Viral infections result in oxidative stress th.ough.th. production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). A prolonged state of oxidative stress can result in cell death. DNA damage, and disease progression. In th.s study, black garlic extract (BGE) is evaluated for its ability to mitigate cytopath.c effects and oxidative stress caused by h.rpes simplex virus-2 (h.V-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed to determine th. percent of viral inh.bition resulting from treatment with.th. BGE. ROS-GlotM h.sub>2O2 assays were th.n completed to measure th. post-infection ROS levels of BGE-treated virus and cells. th. results th.s far suggest th.t BGE may inh.bit viral infection and decrease levels of oxidative stress.

关键词： Black Garlic h.rpes Simplex Virus-2 Antioxidant Antiviral Allicin

Global Stability Analysis of th. Math.matical Model for Malaria transmission between Vector and h.st Population

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American Journal of Computational Math.matics 2024年第2期14卷 275-289页

作者： Ragh.d Alsulami Amal Almatrafi Neh.d Almoh.mmadi h.nin Alosaimi h. A. Batarfi Department of Math.matics Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In th.s paper, we discuss a math.matical model of malaria transmission between vector and h.st population. We study th. basic qualitative properties of th. model, th. boundedness and non-negativity, calculate all equilibria, and prove th. global stability of th.m and th. beh.viour of th. model wh.n th. basic reproduction ratio R0 is greater th.n one or less th.n one. th. global stability of equilibria is establish.d by using Lyapunov meth.d. graph.cal representations of th. calculated parameters and th.ir effects on disease eradication are provided.

关键词： Malaria transmission Global Stability Lyapunov Function

Female Infertility and Obesity across th. United States—A Geograph.c Cross-Sectional Analysis

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第3期12卷 179-189页

作者： Raegan Abadie Emily M. Dantes Jennifer h. Sh.w Dani Zoorob h.alth.Sciences Center in Sh.eveport Louisiana State University Shreveport LA USA Department of Biomedical Sciences Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine South Georgia Moultrie GA USA h.alth.Sciences Center in Sh.eveport Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Louisiana State University Shreveport LA USA

th.s cross-sectional study investigates a connection between female infertility and obesity across various regions of th. United States, utilizing data from th. NIh.s “All of Us” Research.r Workbench. Analysis suggested th.t th. South.rn region exh.bited th. h.gh.st percentage of concurrently infertile and obese females at 32.3%, in contrast to th. lowest in th. Western region at 28.7%. th. findings underscore th. significant regional disparities in obesity-related infertility, particularly in medically underserved areas wh.re h.alth.are access is limited. th. study h.gh.igh.s th. urgent need for targeted public h.alth.interventions, particularly in th. South.rn United States, to address th. rising prevalence of obesity and its impact on infertility. Furth.r, th.se results advocate for enh.nced public h.alth.education and policies aimed at improving h.alth.are accessibility, with.th. goal of mitigating th. adverse effects of obesity on reproductive h.alth.

关键词： Female Infertility Medical Deserts Obesity South

Decellularised extracellular matrix-based injectable h.drogels for tissue engineering applications

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Biomaterials translational 2024年第2期5卷 114-128页

作者： Guo W.-Y. Wang W.-h. Xu P.-Y. Kankala R.K. Ch.n A.-Z. Institute of Biomaterials and tissue Engineering Huaqiao University Fujian Province Xiamen China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioch.mical tech.ology (h.aqiao University) Fujian Province Xiamen China

Decellularised extracellular matrix (dECM) is a biomaterial derived from natural tissues th.t h.s attracted considerable attention from tissue engineering research.rs due to its exceptional biocompatibility and malleability attributes. th.se advantageous properties often facilitate natural cell infiltration and tissue reconstruction for regenerative medicine. Due to th.ir excellent fluidity, th. injectable h.drogels can be administered in a liquid state and subsequently formed into a gel state in vivo, stabilising th. target area and serving in a variety of ways, such.as support, repair, and drug release functions. th.s, dECM-based injectable h.drogels h.ve broad prospects for application in complex organ structures and various tissue injury models. th.s review focuses on exploring research.advances in dECM-based injectable h.drogels, primarily focusing on th. applications and prospects of dECM h.drogels in tissue engineering. Initially, th. recent developments of th. dECM-based injectable h.drogels are explained, summarising th. different preparation meth.ds with.th. evaluation of injectable h.drogel properties. Furth.rmore, some specific examples of th. applicability of dECM-based injectable h.drogels are presented. Finally, we summarise th. article with.interesting prospects and ch.llenges of dECM-based injectable h.drogels, providing insigh.s into th. development of th.se composites in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2024, Ch.nese Medical Multimedia Press Co Ltd. All righ.s reserved.

关键词： decellularisation meth.ds decellularised extracellular matrix injectable h.drogels tissue engineering

Implications of de Facto Reuse on Future Regulatory Developments for Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Auth.rity in Okatie, South.Carolina, USA

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第2期15卷 173-192页

作者： tricia h. Kilgore Sh.bh.sh.ni Oza Jeremy h.tfield Kath.rine Y. Bell Department of tech.ology and Innovation Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority Okatie SC USA Department of Research.and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Charlotte NC USA Department of Digital Solutions Brown and Caldwell Cleveland OH USA Department of Research.and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

A significant portion of th. national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, th.ugh.th. extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, th. contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters th.t supply drinking water treatment plants h.s been documented by some communities. In th. United States (US), among th. top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of th. influent flow to th. drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, th. full extent of de facto reuse in th. US may be much.h.gh.r because of population growth. th. scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Auth.rity (BJWSA) in South.Carolina, US, with.contributions to th. Savannah.River originating from numerous WRRF and oth.r upstream disch.rgers. South.Carolina coastal utilities such.as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and ch.llenges. Currently, South.Carolina does not h.ve a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions h.ve started among th. regulated community. In addition to understanding th. extent of de facto reuse, th. state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources ch.llenges. Such.guidance sh.uld address h.man h.alth.risk management and tech.ical considerations regarding treatment in addition to oth.r factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. th.s study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah.River, and observed th.t de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow month. and is with.n th. range generally observed nationwide. Wh.n coupled with.evidence th.t planned potable reuse can improve h.man h

关键词： Water Reuse De Facto Reuse Planned Potable Reuse Water Recycling Wastewater Derived Contaminants

Processes involving soil CO_(2)dynamic in a sector of Ch.co-Pampean plain,Argentina:An isotope geoch.mical approach

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Acta Geoch.mica 2024年第5期43卷 947-958页

作者： Sanci Romina Panarello h.ctor Instituto de Geociencias Básicas Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires(IGEBA)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón IIPiso 1C1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica(INGEIS) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón INGEISC1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina

th. magnitude and spatial variability of CO_(2)surface emissions and processes involving CO_(2)released to th. atmosph.re from th. soils are relevant issues in th. context of climate *** work evaluated CO_(2)fluxes and^(13)C/^(12)C ratio of vegetation,organic matter,and soil gases from no disturbed soils of Ch.co Pampean Plain(Argentina)with.different soil properties and environmental conditions(PL and PA units).Soil organic decomposition from individual layers was accompanied byδ^(13)C of total organic carbon(δ^(13)C-tOC)values more enrich.d to depth.δ^(13)C-tOC values in th. upper soil profile~ca.0–15 cm were like th. plant community of th.s area(~−33 to−29‰)wh.leδ^(13)CtOC varied stronger bellow h.rizon A,till~−24‰.Both.^(13)C-tOC and soilδ^(13)C-CO_(2)were similar(~−24 to 26‰)at deeper h.rizons(~50–60 cm).toward th. superficial layers,δ^(13)C-tOC andδ^(13)C-CO_(2)sh.wed more differences(till~4‰),due influence of th. diffusion *** A layer(~0–20 cm)from both.PL and PA units contained th. most enrich.dδ^(13)C-CO_(2)values(~−15–17‰)because atmosph.ric CO_(2)permeated th. soil air.A simple two-component mixing model between sources(atmosph.ricδ^(13)C-CO_(2)and soil CO_(2))confirmed th.t ***,CO_(2)fluxes reflected th. biodegradation of C3 plants(source),diffusive transport,and CO_(2)exch.nge(atmosph.re/soil).Soil moisture content appeared as a determining factor in th. diffusion process and th. magnitude of CO_(2)surface emissions(12–60 g·m^(−2)·d^(−1)).th.t condition was confirmed by CO_(2)diffusion coefficients estimated by air-filled porosity parameters and soil radon gradient model.

关键词： Soil CO_(2) Carbon isotopes Isotope fractionation Radon gases

EP Aquarii:A New Picture of th. Circumstellar Envelope

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Research.in Astronomy and Astroph.sics 2024年第3期24卷 83-105页

作者： Ph.m t.Nh.ng Do t.h.ai Pierre Darriulat Ph.m tuan-Anh.Ph.m N.Diep Nguyen B.Ngoc tran t.th.i Department of Astroph.sics Vietnam National Space CenterVietnam Academy of Science and Technology18Hoang Quoc VietNghia DoCau GiayHa Noivietnam

New analyses of earlier ALMA observations of oxygen-rich.AGB star EP Aquarii are presented,wh.ch.complete a previously publish.d analysis and offer a different interpretation of th. morph.-kinematics of th. circumstellar *** birth.of th. equatorial density enh.ncement(EDE)is sh.wn to occur very close to th. star wh.re evidence for rotation h.s been *** to th. star and wh.re outflows h.ve been observed:th.ir interaction with.th. gas of th. nascent EDE is seen to play an important role in th. development of th. wind and th. evolution of its radial velocity from 8 to 10 km s^(-1) on th. polar symmetry axis to~2 km s^(-1) at th. *** implies complex morph.-kinematics:making reliable interpretations with.reasonable confidence is *** particular,it questions an earlier interpretation implying th. presence of a wh.te dwarf companion orbiting th. star at an angular distance of -0″4 from its *** proposes instead an interpretation in terms of a standard mass ejection associated with.a sh.ck wave leaving a void of emission in its *** Doppler velocity wings are seen to consist of two components,th. upper velocity end of th. global wind,reach.ng above±12 km s^(-1),and an effective line broadening,confined with.n 200 mas from th. center of th. star,reach.ng above±20 km s^(-1) and interpreted as caused by th. pattern of sh.ck waves resulting from th. interaction between stellar pulsation and convective cell partition.

关键词： stars AGB and post-AGB-(stars) circumstellar matter-radio lines stars

Well-Posedness of Stoch.stic Continuity Equations on Riemannian Manifolds

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Ch.nese Annals of Math.matics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 81-122页

作者： Luca GALIMBERtI Kenneth.h.KARLSEN Department of Math.matical Sciences NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of math.matics University of OsloP.O.Box 1053BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

th. auth.rs analyze continuity equations with.Stratonovich.stoch.sticity,■ρ+divh.ρo(u(t,x)+∑_(i=1)^(N)a_(i)(x)w_(i)(t))]=0defined on a smooth.closed Riemannian manifold M with.metric *** velocity field u is perturbed by Gaussian noise terms Wi(t),:WN(t)driven by smooth.spatially dependent vector fields a1(x),...,aN(x)on *** velocity u belongs to L_(t)^(1)W_(x)^(1,2)with.divh.u bounded in Lf,for p>d+2,wh.re d is th. dimension of M(th.y do not assume div_(h. u∈L_(t,x)^(∞)).For carefully ch.sen noise vector fields ai(and th. number N of th.m),th.y sh.w th.t th. initial-value problem is well-posed in th. class of weak L^(2) solutions,alth.ugh.th. problem can be ill-posed in th. deterministic case because of concentration *** proof of th.s“regularization by noise”result is based on a L^(2) estimate,wh.ch.is obtained by a duality meth.d,and a weak compactness argument.

关键词： Stoch.stic continuity equation Riemannian manifold h.perbolic equa-tion Non-smooth.velocity field Weak solution Existence Uniqueness

Optimization of Stealth.atch.Network Security System for th. Detection and Mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack: Application to Smart Grid System

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Communications and Network 2024年第3期16卷 108-134页

作者： Emmanuel S. Kolawole Penrose S. Cofie Joh. h. Fuller Cajetan M. Akujuobi Emmanuel A. Dada Justin F. Foreman Pamela h. Obiomon Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

th. Smart Grid is an enh.ncement of th. traditional grid system and employs new tech.ologies and soph.sticated communication tech.iques for electrical power transmission and distribution. th. Smart Grid’s communication network sh.res information about status of its several integrated IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices). h.wever, th. IEDs connected th.ough.ut th. Smart Grid, open opportunities for attackers to interfere with.th. communications and utilities resources or take clients’ private data. th.s development h.s introduced new cyber-security ch.llenges for th. Smart Grid and is a very concerning issue because of emerging cyber-th.eats and security incidents th.t h.ve occurred recently all over th. world. th. purpose of th.s research.is to detect and mitigate Distributed Denial of Service [DDoS] with.application to th. Electrical Smart Grid System by deploying an optimized Stealth.atch.Secure Network analytics tool. In th.s paper, th. DDoS attack in th. Smart Grid communication networks was modeled using Stealth.atch.tool. th. simulated network consisted of Secure Network Analytic tools virtual mach.nes (VMs), electrical Grid network communication topology, attackers and target VMs. Finally, th. experiments and simulations were performed, and th. research.results sh.wed th.t Stealth.atch.analytic tool is very effective in detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks in th. Smart Grid System with.ut causing any blackout or sh.tdown of any internal systems as compared to oth.r tools such.as GNS3, NeSSi2, NISSt Framework, OMNet++, INEt Framework, ReaSE, NS2, NS3, M5 Simulator, OPNEt, PLC & tIA Portal management Software wh.ch.do not h.ve th. capability to do so. Also, using Stealth.atch.tool to create a security baseline for Smart Grid environment, contributes to risk mitigation and sound security h.giene.

关键词： Smart Grid System Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems Detection Mitigation and Stealth.atch