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Evaluation and modification of some empirical and semi-empirical approach.s for prediction of area-storage capacity curves in reservoirs of dams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第1期32卷 127-135页

作者： Issa E.Issa Nadh.r Al-Ansari govand Sh.rwany Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of Technology Department of Dams and Water Resources Engineering University of Mosul

Th. storage capacity of reservoirs is gradually reduced due to sediment accumulation th.t causes ch.nges in th. area-storage capacity（ASC） *** th.se curves and predicting th.ir future ch.nge is an important issue for planners,designers and operators of *** empirical and semiempirical approach.s h.ve been suggested for establish.ng and predicting th. future ch.nges for th.se *** th.s study four empirical and semi-empirical meth.ds were evaluated and th.ee of th.m were modified to be used for th. prediction of ch.nges in th. ASC curves due to sedimentation,based on th. existing sedimentation survey data for 11 reservoirs in th. *** evaluation,th.se approach.s were reviewed and used to determine sedimentation depth.and establish.ng th. ASC curves for th. Mosul dam reservoir（MDR）,wh.ch.is th. biggest h.draulic structure on th. River Tigris in north.rn *** started operating in 1986 with.a storage capacity of 11.11 km;and a water surface area 380 km2 at normal operation stage（330 m a.s.l.）.Th. results obtained from th.se meth.ds were evaluated using observed bath.metric survey data th.t h.d been collected in 2011 after 25 years of th. operation of th. *** evaluation results sh.wed th.ee meth.ds h.d presented more accurate results for estimating water depth.or sedimentation depth.at dam site with.percentage error about 1.06-3.30%.Wh.lst for establish.ng ASC curves,one meth.d presented good agreement result with.survey ***,ASC and sedimentation depth. at dam site of MDR for periods 50,75,100 and 125 years were estimated using th. modified approach.s and th. area reduction *** results of th. modified meth.ds provided reasonable agreement wh.n compared with.th. area reduction meth.d proposed by th. *** of Reclamation and th. agreement became better with.an increase in time period.

关键词： Area-capacity curves Reservoir sedimentation Area reduction meth.d Mosul dam

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Static Reservoir Modeling, a Case Study from Early Cretaceous Yamama Formation, South.rn Iraq

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第6期12卷 359-370页

作者： Ragh.d A. Naeem govand h. sh.rwani Nadh.r Al-Ansari Department of Applied Geology University of Babylon Babylon Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Mining and Geotechnical Engineering Lule&#229 University of Tech.ology Lule&#229 Sweden

Constructing a static reservoir model or a 3D geological model is a widely used modern tool to employ subsurface information expose th. setting and properties of h.drocarbon reservoirs. Th. current study attempts to build a 3D reservoir model of th. Yamama Formation (an important oil reservoir in South.rn Iraq), from digital logs data and drilling information. Th.s would lead to a better understanding of th. relationsh.ps between different reservoir elements, th.n expose many ch.racteristics of th. reservoir, such.as th. facies distribution and petroph.sical properties. Th. data of th. Yamama Formation (Early Cretaceous Carbonates) were taken from four wells of Gh.rraf Oilfield, South.rn Iraq (GA-1, GA-2, GA-3, and GA-4). Th. adopted modeling approach.consists of a series of steps starting with.a preliminary analysis of data, followed by interpretation of th.se data, and terminated by geostatistical meth.ds for building th. structural model. Th. modeling was assisted by defining th. top of each.layer detected by wireline logs and final well reports of each.studied well. Th. results of th. study encompass four microfacies distributed between Inner Ramp and Mid Ramp environments. Th. followed 3D geological modeling sch.me was capable to visualize th. distribution of petroph.sical properties, and th. classification of Yamama Formation into several layers or reservoir units (Y1 to Y5), and th.rteen subdivisions (minor units). Th. model could also define th. places wh.re effective porosity was enh.nced. Th. process of Pillar Gridding, a step with.n th. modeling, sh.wed th.t th. Yamama Formation is composed of two domes. Th. constructed model was h.lpful, based on th. evaluation of petroph.sical parameters, th.n to point out th. most important reservoir zone (Zone Y3_top) th.t h.s Effective Porosity of (13.6%) and water saturation of around (10.6%).

关键词： Reservoir Modeling Petrel Cretaceous Yamama Formation South.rn Iraq

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Reservoir Ch.racterization of th. Early Jurassic Butmah.Formation Using Well Log Data in Selected Wells from Iraqi Kurdistan Region

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第12期10卷 1173-1188页

作者： h.war A. Zangana govand h. sh.rwani Yah.a J. Tawfeeq Nadh.r Al-Ansari Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering Sulaimani Polytechnic University Sulaimani Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Petroleum Engineering Kirkuk University Kirkuk Iraq Lulea University of Tech.ology Lulea Sweden

Th. reservoir ch.racterization of Butmah.Formation (Early Jurassic) was studied in two wells: (AT-1) and (Sh.1B) from Atrush.and Sh.ikh.n Oilfields respectively, in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Well logs including;sonic, density, neutron, gamma ray, and resistivity, were employed to investigate th. formation. Th. petroph.sical properties, such.as lith.logy, sh.le volume, porosity, water saturation, h.drocarbon saturation, and bulk water volume, were estimated using Interactive Petroph.sics Software (IP). Water saturation, bulk volume of water, residual h.drocarbon, and movable h.drocarbon were plotted as Computer Processed Interpretation (CPI) for Butmah.Formation in th. studied wells. In order to ch.ck reliability of log data, lith.logy of th. formation was detected using neutron-density cross plot and M-N cross plot. Th. results of log interpretation display th.t Butmah.Formation is composed of dolomite, limestone with.anh.drite and sh.le in th. studied wells. Th. calculated sh.le volume sh.ws low clay content. Th.refore, Butmah.Formation is considered as a clean formation in both.wells. Porosity was estimated using porosity logs (sonic, density, and neutron) and h.d th. average total porosity of (7% - 8%) in th. two wells. Based on th. determined petroph.sical properties, particularly porosity and h.drocarbon saturation, it can be concluded th.t Butmah.Formation seems potentially good in reserving oil.

关键词： Butmah Carbonate Reservoir Interactive Petroph.sics Iraqi Kurdistan Region

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Source Rock Evaluation and 1-D Basin Modelling Approach.for th. Sargelu Formation, Atrush.2 Well, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

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Open Journal of Geology 2021年第3期11卷 49-60页

作者： Revan Akram Ayad N. F. Edilbi Wrya J. Mamaseni govand h. sh.rwani Nadh.r Al-Ansari Department of Petroleum Tech.ology Erbil Polytechnic University Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Petroleum Geosciences Faculty of Science Soran University Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Geology Salahaddin University Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Lulea University of Tech.ology Lulea Sweden

Th. present study focuses on source rock evaluation of th. Sargelu Formation by using core ch.ps of rocks collected from well Atrush.2, Duh.k, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Th. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance were executed. Subsequently, th. selected parameters were used for source rock evaluation and 1-D Basin Modelling calibration. Th. upper part of th. formation mainly comprises argillaceous limestone with.low content of organic matter (0.64% - 1% TOC). By contrast, th. lower part is dominated with.sh.le interval and contains h.gh.amounts of TOC values (>4% for 1272 - 1278 m) reveling good to very good quality source rock. Accordingly, good to very good h.drocarbon generation potential is suggested for th.s formation. Organic matter of th. Sargelu Formation contains type II and mixed-type II-III kerogen. Th. values of Tmax and vitrinite reflectance (Ro%) demonstrate th.t th. formation is th.rmally mature and in th. oil zone. In order to construct a th.rmal h.story of th. formation and determine th. timing of h.drocarbon maturation and generation, th. 1-D basin modelling PetroMod 2019.1 was used in th.s study. Based on th. 1-D Basin modelling simulation and its outputs, about 3500 m of overburden h.ve been eroded at th. study area. Th. present-day h.at flow was found to be 30 mW/m2. Th. organic matter of Sargelu Formation entered th. early oil zone in 64 Ma and reach.d th. main oil zone ca. 5 Ma. Th. formation is still in th. main oil zone at present-day. In well Atrush.2, th. h.gh.st rate of oil generation for th. Sargelu Formation was in th. 8.5 Ma, th. onset of oil expulsion from Sargelu Formation was in 50 Ma and th. expulsion mass h.s been reach.d 0.5 Mtons at present-day.

关键词： Sargelu Formation Source Rock Well Atrush.2 1-D Basin Modelling Iraq

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Sedimentation Processes and Useful Life of Mosul Dam Reservoir, Iraq

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第10期5卷 779-784页

作者： Issa EIssa Nadh.r Al-Ansari govand Sh.rwany Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden Mosul University MosulIraq Ministry of h.gh.r Education and Scientific Research.KRG ErbilIraq

Th. sedimentation process is th. most important problems th.t affects directly th. performance of reservoirs due to th. reduction of th. storage capacity and possible problems effecting th. operation. Th.s periodic assessment of th. storage capacity and determining sediment deposition patterns is an important issue for operation and management of th. reservoirs. In th.s study, bath.metric survey results and an analytical approach.h.d been used to assess th. ch.racteristics of sedimentation and estimate th. useful life of Mosul Reservoir. It is located on th. Tigris River in th. north.of Iraq. Th. water surface area of its reservoir is 380 km2 with.a designed storage capacity of 11.11 km3 at a maximum operating level (330 m a.s.l). Th. dam started operating in 1986. No detailed study was yet carried out to assess its reservoir. Th. present study indicated th.t th. annual reduction rate in th. dead and live storage capacities of th. reservoir is 0.786% and 0.276% respectively. Th. observed results (bath.metric survey) and algebraic formula sh.w approximately th.t th. useful life of Mosul dam reservoir is about 125 years. Furth.rmore, th. stage-storage capacity curves for th. future periods (prediction curves) were establish.d using bath.metric survey data.

关键词： Bath.metric Survey Mosul Dam Reservoir Sedimentation Rate Useful Life of Reservoir

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Monitoring and Evaluating th. Sedimentation Process in Mosul Dam Reservoir Using Trap Efficiency Approach.s

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Engineering（科研） 2015年第4期7卷 190-202页

作者： Issa E. Issa Nadh.r Al-Ansari Sven Knutsson govand Sh.rwany Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lule&aring University of Technology Lule&aring Sweden University of Mosul Mosul Iraq Ministry of h.gh.r Education and Scientific Research.KRG Erbil Iraq

Reservoirs are usually exposed to sediment accumulation problems th.t will lead to reduction in th.ir storage capacity. Th.s problem directly affects th. performance of th. dams and causes sh.rtage of th.ir useful life. Th. simplest tech.ique to estimate sediment deposition rate is using sediment rating curve with.sediment trapping efficiency (TE) of th. reservoir. Many empirical and semi-empirical approach.s h.ve been suggested for to determine th.s term depending on th. annual inflow rate, reservoir ch.racteristics and features of th. catch.ents area. In th.s study six different empirical meth.ds depending on th. residence time principle (water retention time) were used. Th.se approach.s were reviewed and applied to determine TE of Mosul dam reservoir (MDR) for period 1986 to 2011. Th. month.y operating data for inflow, outflow and water elevations for MDR were used to determine month.y TE and long-term TE for wh.le period of MDR using th. mentioned meth.ds. Furth.rmore, th. month.y inflow rate for River Tigris upstream MDR, its sediment rating curve and sediment feeding from valleys around MDR were used to estimate th. amount sediment coming to th. reservoir. Th. results provided by th.se meth.ds for TE with.sediment coming to MDR were used to compute th. amount of sediment deposited in MDR on month.y bases during th.s period. Th. results obtained were evaluated using observed bath.metric survey data th.t h.d been collected in 2011 after 25 years of th. operation of th. dam. Th. results sh.wed all th. mentioned meth.ds gave convergent results and th.y were very close to bath.metric survey results for estimating th. volume of sediment deposited especially th.t proposed by Ward wh.ch.gave 0.368% percentage error. Furth.rmore, th. result computed using month.y TE gave good agreement if compared with.th.t long-term TE wh.re th. percentage error was ranging between –3.229% to 1.674% for month.y adopted data and –4.862% to?–2.477% for wh.le period data. It is believed

关键词： Losing Storage Capacity Mosul Dam Reservoir Sedimentation Sediment Trap Efficiency

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Reservoir Ch.racterization of th. Early Cretaceous Sarmord and Garagu Formations from Atrush.1 and Mangesh.1 Wells, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

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Open Journal of Geology 2021年第10期11卷 509-524页

作者： Ayad N. F. Edilbi Wrya J. Mamaseni Mah.i Kh. Aswad Bah.oz Gh. Abdullah.Falah.Kh. Al-Jaboury govand h. sh.rwani Nadh.r Al-Ansari Department of Petroleum Geosciences Faculty of Science Soran University Soran Kurdistan Region Iraq Geology Department College of Science Salahaddin University Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Geology Department College of Science University of Duhok Duhok Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Petroleum Engineering College of Engineering American University of Kurdistan Sulaimaniya Kurdistan Region Iraq Petroleum Engineering Department Knowledge University Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Lulea University of Tech.ology Lulea Sweden

Petroph.sical properties of th. Early Cretaceous Sarmord and Garagu formations from th. Atrush.and Sarsang Blocks in th. Kurdistan Region are studied. Th.se formations are generally composed of limestones and dolomitic limestones interbedded with.th.n to medium layers of yellowish.gray marl (calcareous mudstone). Th. current study sh.ws th.t th. average sh.le volume in th. Sarmord and Garage formations is between 16% and 20%. In Atrush.1 Well, th. average porosity ratio of th. Sarmord and Garagu formations is fair to good (15% and 11%, respectively). h.wever, in Mangesh.1 Well, th. porosity value is poor;it is around 4% on average. Generally, most of th. h.drocarbons th.t h.ve been observed with.n th. pore spaces are residual oil type in Atrush.1 Well and movable h.drocarbon type in Mangesh.1 Well. In Atrush.1 Well, out of 362 m th.ckness of both.formations, only 180 m is considered to be a pay zone;wh.reas, th. pay zone is just around 8.0 m th.ck out of 347 m of th. total th.ckness. According to th. calculated porosity values, th. Garagu and Sarmord formations are not considered as good reservoirs in th. studied wells, with.th. exception of Atrush.1 Well wh.re th. Sarmord Formation h.s fair potential reservoir ch.racteristics.

关键词： Sarmord Formation Garagu Formation Reservoir Ch.racterization h.drocarbons Saturation Net Pay

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Expected Future of Water Resources with.n Tigris-Euph.ates Rivers Basin,Iraq

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第5期6卷 421-432页

作者： I.E.Issa N.A.Al-Ansari govand Sh.rwany S.Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden Department of Dams and Water Resources Engineering University of MosulMosulIraq Ministry of h.gh.r Education and Scientific Research.KRG ErbilIraq

Iraq is one of th. riparian countries with.n basins of Tigris-Euph.ates Rivers in th. Middle East region. Th. region is currently facing water sh.rtage problems due to th. increase of th. demand and climate ch.nges. In th. present study, average month.y water flow measurements for 15 stream flow gaging stations with.n basins of th.se rivers in Iraq with.population growth.rate data in some of its part were used to evaluate th. reality of th. current situation and future ch.llenges of water availability and demand in Iraq. Th. results sh.wed th.t Iraq receives annually 70.92 km3 of water 45.4 and 25.52 km3 from River Tigris and Euph.ates respectively. An amount of 18.04 km3 of th. Tigris water comes from Turkey wh.le 27.36 km3 is supplied by its tributaries inside Iraq. Th. wh.le amount of water in th. Euph.ates Rivers comes outside th. Iraqi borders. Annual decrease of th. water inflow is 0.1335 km3·year-1 for Tigris and 0.245 km3·year-1 for Euph.ates. Th.s implies th.t th. annual percentage reduction of inflow rates for th. two rivers is 0.294% and 0.960%, respectively. Iraq consumes annually 88.89% (63.05 km3) of incoming water from th. two rivers, wh.re about 60.43% and 39.57% are from Rivers Tigris and Euph.ates respectively. Water demand increases annually by 1.002 km3, of wh.ch.0.5271 km3 and 0.475 km3 are with.n Tigris and Euph.ates basins respectively. Th. average water demand in 2020 will increase to 42.844 km3·year-1 for Tigris basin and for Euph.ates 29.225 km3·year-1 (total 72.069 km3·year-1), wh.le water availability will decrease to 63.46 km3·year-1. Th.s means th.t th. overall water sh.rtage will be restricted to 8.61 km3.

关键词： Iraq River Tigris River Euph.ates Water Resources of Iraq

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