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Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans:an overview of recent findings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1908-1918页

作者： Marcello Serra Nicola Simola Alexia E.Pollack giulia costa Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of NeuroscienceUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly Department of Biology University of Massachusetts-BostonBostonMAUSA

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants,in addition to having abuse potential,may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic *** toxicity induced by psychostimulants may pose serious health risks since the recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young people and *** present review provides an overview of recent research,conducted between 2018 and 2023,focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine,cocaine,methamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,methylphenidate,caffeine,and *** elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and/or therapeutic purposes.

关键词： 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine amphetamine caffeine cell cultures cocaine methamphetamine methylphenidate neurotoxicity nicotine

Prenatal and postnatal drug exposure:focus on persistent central effects

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1697-1702页

作者： giulia costa Alexia E.Pollack Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of NeuroscienceUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly Department of Biology University of Massachusetts-BostonBostonMAUSA

Clinical studies indicate significant use of prescription,nonprescription and social/recreational drugs by women during pregnancy;however,limited knowledge exists about the detrimental effects that this practice may have on the developing central nervous system of the ***,few experimental and clinical data are available on how gestational exposure could exacerbate the effects of the same or a different drug consumed by the offspring later in *** present review summarizes recent findings on the central toxicity elicited by several classes of drugs,administered prenatally and postnatally in experimental animals and humans,focusing on prescription and nonprescription analgesics,anti-inflammatory agents,alcohol and nicotine.

关键词： 3 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine acetaminophen alcohol chlorpyrifos dexamethasone ibuprofen methadone neuroinflammation neurotoxicity nicotine

Neuronal and peripheral damages induced by synthetic psychoactive substances: an update of recent findings from human and animal studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 802-816页

作者： giulia costa Maria Antonietta De Luca Gessica Piras Jacopo Marongiu Liana Fattore Nicola Simola Department of Biomedical Sciences University of CagliariCagliariItaly National Institute of Neuroscience (INN) University of CagliariCagliariItaly National Research Council of Italy Institute of NeuroscienceCagliariItaly

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that synthetic psychoactive substances,in addition to having abuse potential,may elicit toxic effects of varying severity at the peripheral and central ***,toxicity induced by synthetic psychoactive substances poses a serious harm for health,since recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young and adult *** present review summarizes recent findings on the peripheral and central toxicity elicited by “old” and “new” synthetic psychoactive substances in humans and experimental animals,focusing on amphetamine derivatives,hallucinogen and dissociative drugs and synthetic cannabinoids.

关键词： cannabinoids dissociatives hallucinogens ketamine MDMA methamphetamine methoxetamine neuroinflammation neurotoxicity NPS

Menopause and cognitive impairment:A narrative review of current knowledge

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第8期11卷 412-428页

作者： Délio Marques Conde Roberto Carmignani Verdade Ana L R Valadares Lucas F B Mella Adriana OrcesiPedro Lucia costa-paiva Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federal University of GoiásGoiânia 74605-050GoiásBrazil Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medical SciencesState University of CampinasCampinas 13083-881São PauloBrazil Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry-Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Division State University of CampinasCampinas 13083-887São PauloBrazil

A severe impairment of cognitive function characterizes *** cognitive impairment represents a transition between normal cognition and *** frequency of cognitive changes is higher in women than in *** on this fact,hormonal factors likely contribute to cognitive *** this sense,cognitive complaints are more common near menopause,a phase marked by a decrease in hormone levels,especially ***,a tendency toward worsened cognitive performance has been reported in women during *** symptoms(hot flashes,sweating,and dizziness),vaginal dryness,irritability and forgetfulness are common and associated with a progressive decrease in ovarian function and a subsequent reduction in the serum estrogen *** therapy(HT),based on estrogen with or without progestogen,is the treatment of choice to relieve menopausal *** studies conducted to date have reported conflicting results regarding the effects of HT on *** article reviews the main aspects of menopause and cognition,including the neuroprotective role of estrogen and the relationship between menopausal symptoms and cognitive *** present and discuss the findings of the central observational and interventional studies on HT and cognition.

关键词： Menopause Cognition Dementia Estrogens Hot flashes Cognitive decline

Complete Achilles Tenotomy:A New Improved Experimental Surgical Technique in Rats

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2018年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Kelly Biancardini Gomes Barbato Guilherme de Almeida Joao da costa Libardo Rodriguez Clara Raposo Hanna Dias Renata paiva Liszt Palmeira de oliveira Jorge Carvalho Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology Postgraduate Program School of MedicineState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Surgical Specialties School of MedicineState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil School of Medicine State University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Histology and Embriology Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of BiologyState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil

Rupture of the Achilles tendon is one of the most frequent tendon injuries in humans. However, there is no standard surgical technique thus far to reproduce complete rupture of this tendon in rats. Surgical procedures were performed in Wistar rats under light microscopy, with posterior longitudinal incision and preservation of the plantaris tendon. The animals were sacrificed on 2nd and 8th postoperative week and we used hematoxilin and eosin, picrosirius-red and Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin to observe general tendon healing. The mean operative time was one minute and 24 seconds. Histological studies showed cellular proliferation and fibrillogenesis at two weeks, with decreased amounts of cellularity and elastic fibers at the 8th week, besides changes in structural organization of collagen fibers. The complete Achilles tenotomy in rats, was improved under light microscopy and sparing the plantaris tendon. This surgical technique was simple and quick, showed signs of normal healing process, could be easily reproducible, and triggered translational researches in this area.

关键词： Achilles Tendon Rupture Animal Experimentation Wound Healing Collagen Elastic Tissue

Benefits of the Combined Use of NSAID and Early Exercise on Tendon Healing in a Murine Model

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2018年第4期8卷 357-369页

作者： Kelly Biancardini Gomes Barbato Clara Raposo Hanna Dias Renata paiva Joao da costa Libardo Rodriguez Guilherme de Almeida Oscar Rocha-Barbosa Liszt Palmeira de oliveira Jorge Carvalho School of Medicine State University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Surgical Specialties School of MedicineState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Zoology Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of BiologyState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Histology and Embriology Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of BiologyState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil

Achilles tendon rupture is one of the most frequent tendon injuries. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and of aerobic exercise, in an isolated fashion and combined, on cell proliferation and on the biomechanical aspects of the Achilles tendon during healing process after a complete tenotomy in 156 male Wistar rats. Half of the animals received an intra-muscular injection of tenoxicam for 7 days and exercise was initiated on the 8th day for half the animals of each group. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the tenotomy and cell proliferation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for PCNA, biomechanical evaluation was performed with ultimate load and gait cycle analysis was also carried out. Animals were divided into four treatment groups: A) no NSAID and no exercise (control group);B) NSAID plus exercise;C) no NSAID, with exercise;D) NSAID and no exercise. We used the test of two-way analysis of variance with equal cells number, Kruskal-Wallis test and also, Bonferroni method, in the R Project program 3.5.0. The highest intensity of PCNA immunostaining was found at 2 weeks in all groups except for group A (control) that had the highest intensity at 1 week. Animals submitted to exercise had significantly higher (P = 0.02) ultimate loads when compared to animals that were not submitted to exercise at 8 weeks after injury. The animals that received NSAID presented with a more stable gait cycle than the animals that did not receive NSAID. Aerobic exercise, initiated early after a complete Achilles tendon tenotomy, was beneficial to the biomechanical aspects of the tendon that occur during tendon regeneration and the combined use of NSAID improved the gait’s characteristics which could be protective against re-ruptures.

关键词： Achilles Tendon Rupture Experimental Study Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Aerobic Exercise PCNA Biomechanics

Acromegaly as an Expression of a Rare Disease: Description of an Unusual Clinical Case of Carney Complex

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2020年第2期9卷 59-66页

作者： Denise costa Valeria Mercuri Tania D’Amico giulia Bassotti Carlo Moroni Patrizia Gargiulo Department of Experimental Medicine Endocrinology-Pituitary Disease “Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy Department of Cardiovascular Science “Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy

Introduction: The Carney complex (CC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by multiple endocrine neoplasms, pigmented skin lesions, endocrine hyper-activity and myxomas. Case study: C. E., 71 years old, was addressed to our center in August 1994, following the finding of a sellar enlargement in a skull radiography performed after an accident. A pituitary tomography showed the presence of a lesion extended up to the optic chiasm, a macroadenoma that was treated with transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery. A histological diagnosis of a “GH secreting macroadenoma” was performed. An echocardiographic study highlighted an atrial isolated myxoma that was subsequently removed. A contrast-enhanced abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) excluded adrenal lesions. In 2001, in relation to relapse of Acromegaly, the patient started therapy with somatostatin analogues which was replaced, in 2008, by Pegvisomant to obtain biochemical control of the disease. Conclusions: At the time of initial screening, it is important not to underestimate the possibility that certain clinical features fall within the context of more complex syndromes. The knowledge of how Acromegaly presents itself in relation to CC and its associated characteristics such as cardiac myxoma or typical skin lesions, will help clinicians to timely diagnose this rare disease and treat it appropriately.

关键词： Acromegaly Carney Myxomas Rare Syndrome

Clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Brazil: Genotyping and detection of virulence gene

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第10期10卷 945-951页

作者： Tereza de Jesus Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira Debora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco Marcos Fabio Gadelha Rocha Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro Crister Jose Ocadaque Manoel de Araújo Neto paiva Raimunda Samia Nogueira Brilhante Jose Júlio costa Sidrim Specialized Medical Mycology Center Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology Federal University of Ceará Christus School of Medicine Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences State University of Ceará Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceará

Objective: To evaluate the genetic diversity of clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei(***) recovered in Ceara, Brazil, and screen these isolates for the presence of type three secretion system virulence ***: Nineteen *** isolates(9 from clinical cases and 10 from soils)were *** amplified polymorphic DNA was performed with primers OPQ-2, OPQ-4 and OPQ-16 to evaluate the genetic diversity, and type three secretion system gene was detected through polymerase chain ***: Random amplified polymorphic DNA showed a genetic relatedness of approximately 50% among the tested *** isolates, which were grouped into two clades, of which the biggest ones comprised 18/19 isolates for primer OPQ-2, and 17/19 isolates for primer *** OPQ-4 grouped the isolates into three clades comprising 1/19, 3/19 and 15/19 ***, type three secretion system gene was detected in all tested ***: This is an effort to type *** strains from Ceara, which is important for better understanding this pathogen, contributing for the epidemiological surveillance of melioidosis in this endemic region.

关键词： Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis RAPD TTSS gene

Fluorescent probes for the detection of reactive oxygen species in human spermatozoa

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第5期22卷 465-471页

作者： Sara Escada-Rebelo Francisca G Mora Ana P Sousa Teresa Almeida-Santos Artur paiva Joao Ramalho-Santos phD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra 3004-504Portugal Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra 3004-504Portugal IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research Casa Costa AlemaoUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra 3030-789Portugal Reproductive Medicine Unit University Hospitals of CoimbraCoimbra 3004-561Portugal Faculty of Medicine University of CoimbraCoimbra 3000-370Portugal Clinical Pathology Unit University Hospitals of CoimbraCoimbra 3004-561Portugal Department of Life Sciences University of CoimbraCoimbra 3000-456Portugal

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)production is a by-product of mitochondrial activity and is necessary for the acquisition of the capacitated state,a requirement for functional ***,an increase in oxidative stress,due to an abnormal production of ROS,has been shown to be related to loss of sperm function,highlighting the importance of an accurate detection of sperm ROS,given the specific nature of this *** this work,we tested a variety of commercially available fluorescent probes to detect ROS and reactive nitrogen species(RNS)in human sperm,to define their *** both flow cytometry(FC)and fluorescence microscopy(FM),we confirmed that MitoSOX™Red and dihydroethidium(DHE)detect superoxide anion(as determined using antimycin A as a positive control),while DAF-2A detects reactive nitrogen species(namely,nitric oxide).For the first time,we also report that RedoxSensor™Red CC-1,CellROX®Orange Reagent,and MitoPYl seem to be mostly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide,but not ***,mean fluorescence intensity(and not percentage of labeled cells)is the main parameter that can be reproducibly monitored using this type of methodology.

关键词： flow cytometry fluorescent probes human spermatozoa oxidative stress reactive oxygen species