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Evolution of tectonic landscapes and deformation in the southeast Kumaun and western Nepal Himalaya

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2592-2617页

作者： Khayingshing LUIREI girish ch.kothyari Param K GAUTAM Ambar SOLANKI Atul Kumar PATIDAR Sentisenla JAMIR Anirudh DATTA Tanupriya chOUDHURY Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Dehradun 248001India Department of Petroleum Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun248007India Department of Geology Nagaland UniversityKohima 797004India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002India CSE Department Graphic Era deemed to be UniversityDehradun 248002India CSE Department Symbiosis Institute of TechnologySymbiosis International(Deemed University)Pune 412114India

The area of the present investigation’s expanse constitutes the southernmost extent of the southeast Kumaun Himalaya and western Nepal *** approaches have been employed to understand the landforms associated with tectonic deformation,through detailed field investigation supplemented by the geodetic,chronological,and morphometric *** morphogenic expressions of the Main Boundary Thrust(MBT)are reflected in the form of~25 km long E-W trending north dipping fault *** deformation along the strike length of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust(HFT)is noticed in the form of uplifted and incised fill terraces,and strath *** deformation within the fluvial sequences in the study area can be visualized in the form of sheared boulders and pebbles,tilted and faulted terrace ***,the chronological data of fluvial landforms in the study area suggests two major phases of tectonic deformations that have occurred around 58.7±10.8 ka and 3.88±0.4 *** chronology of late-Quaternary landforms advocates that the initial stage of aggradations in the Himalayan foothills commenced around 75.1±0.58 *** aggradational landforms resulted from the diverse depositional regime as evident from the nature of the sediment sequences from clasts dominated to thick mud *** rate of deformation in the southeastern Kumaun and western Nepal Himalaya is±7 mm/yr,as per the data obtained from the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(PSInSAR).The landform deformation pattern,phase of incision and aggradation,frequent occurrence of landslides,and recent past earthquake activity within the wide zone of the HFT,the MBT,and Ramgarh Thrust suggests that the southernmost front of the Kumaun Himalaya is active and has potential for future *** foothill zone of Himalayan towns are actively growing in terms of population and infrastructural ***,such intradisciplinary studies for tectonically active r

关键词： MBT HFT Fault trace Quaternary deposits sheared boulders

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Quaternary tectonic history of seismically active intraplate Kachchh Rift Basin,western India:A review

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 192-204页

作者： girish ch.kothyari Raj Sunil Kandregula Rakesh Dumka Gaurav chauhan Ajay Kumar Taloor Institute of Seismological Research GandhinagarGujaratIndia CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute HyderabadTelanganaIndia Department of Earth and Environmental Science KSKV Kachchh UniversityBhujIndia Department of Remote Sensing and GIS University of JammuJammuIndia

Since the recorded historical period,the Kachchh Rift Basin(KRB)has encountered numerous moderate to large magnitude *** to the series of seismicity research so far,there are several important points of debate regarding the tectonic history and evolution of the KRB,especially during the Quaternary ***,the main objective of the present research is to inspect and perceive the association amongst the strain build-up,earthquake provenance,landform evolution and progression as archived by the Quaternary deposits of the *** previous studies demonstrated the evolutions of various landforms,such as the uplifted fluvial terraces,formation of the gorges,uplifted alluvial fan sequences,which can be ideally used to reconstruct the neotectonic history along active faults of *** this,the analysis of the accessible and supportive data,including geochronology provided by earlier studies along with some new dataset for a superior knowledge on the Quaternary tectonic forces prevailing in the KRB,have been carried ***,we also emphasized the differences and directions for future potential research *** observations of variability in uplift rates across the various active faults in the KRB suggest a complex geological history during the Quaternary *** results show that the vertical uplift rate along the significant active faults range from 0.8 to 2.8 mm/yr,demonstrating the variable tectonic stress regime prevailing in the *** uplift rates constricted from geomorphic and chronological aspects suggest that the tectonic movements within the Kachchh intraplate region is regulated by the fault segments and the present tectonic stress field is in accordance with the encompassing tectonic stress field associated with the northward movement of the Indian plate corresponding to the Eurasian plate.

关键词： Quaternary tectonics Uplift rates Active faults Kachchh Rift Basin

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Crustal deformation measurements by global positioning system(GPS)along NSL,western India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 254-260页

作者： Rakesh K.Dumka D.SuriBabu B.S.Kotlia girish ch.kothyari Sandip Prajapati Institute of Seismological Research RaisanGandhinagarGujarat382009India Center of Advanced Study in Geology Kumaun UniversityNainital263002India Adikavi Nannaya University RajahmundaryA.P.India

The Narmada Son Lineament(NSL)is a major palaeo-rift system and seismically active intra-plate *** this paper,we processed and analyzed the GPS data from 2009 to 2016 to study the geodynamic characteristics of *** velocities derived from GPS were used to calculate the associated deformation and crustal strain,while the slip deficit was estimated using the horizontal motion of GPS *** investigation reveals that the maximum deformation of western NSL is 1.6 mm per year,and the upper bound of the seismic moment(M;)is 2.0×10;dyn/cm,corresponding to an earthquake of about 6.0 *** study highlights the significance of Aravalli and Satpura mobile *** estimated strain of 0.03μstrain/yr is low but comparable to the stable continental region,and a close association of factors(the fragility,crustal conductors,and compressive tectonics)is considered responsible for seismogenic activities in western NSL.

关键词： GPS Intra-plate deformation Strain accumulation Seismic moment Seismic activity

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Geodetic characterization of active Katrol Hill Fault(KHF)of Central Mainland Kachchh,western India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 247-253页

作者： Donupudi Suribabu Rakesh K.Dumka Joydeep Paikray girish ch.kothyari Mahesh Thakkar Kandadai V.Swamy Ajay K.Taloor Sandip Prajapati Institute of Seismological Research RaysanGandhinagarGujarat382009India Department of Earth and Environmental Science KSKV UniversityBhujKachchhIndia Adikavi Nannaya University RajahMundaryA.PIndia Department of Remote Sensing and GIS University of JammuJammuIndia

After the M7.7 earthquake in 2001,the Kachchh rift basin became the focus of various geological and geophysical researches on the western Indian *** an essential technology,the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)has been utilized to study the deformation pattern in the central mainland *** select the east-west striking Katrol Hill Fault(KHF)as the study area and analyze the crustal deformation pattern using the datasets from 2014 to *** geodetic results along the KHF reveal a mean deformation of about 2.1 mm per year,which is higher in the eastern part and lower in the central and western *** investigation of deformation and derived strain reveals the segmented behavior of KHF,while the dominance of compressive strain(maximum 22 nanostrain/yr)in the eastern segment makes it the most active segment of the KHF.A higher deformation rate along the eastern KHF can be considered significant in terms of seismic hazard for this part of the Indian plate.

关键词： Geodesy GNSS Deformation Strain Indian plate

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Mountain highway stability threading on the fragile terrain of upper Ganga catchment(Uttarakhand Himalaya),India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3407-3425页

作者： S.P.SATI Shubhra SHARMA girish ch.kothyari Maria ASIM Y.P.SUNDRIYAL Kapil MALIK Ayush JOSHI Harsh DOBHAL Naresh RANA Navin JUYAL Department of Basic and Social Science(CoF) VCSGU University of Horticulture&Forestry BharsarPauri Garhwal 246123India Geosciences Division Physical Research LaboratoryAhmedabad 380005India Department of Geography Instituteof ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Department of Petroleum Engineering&Earth Sciences University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun 248007India Department of Geology HNBG harwal UniversitySrinagar 246174India Institute of Seismological Research Gandhinagar 382009India School of Media and Communication Studies Doon UniversityDehradun 248001India Department of Geology Universityof DelhiDelhi-110007India Kabir Enclave BopalAhmedabad 380058India

Roads are the most critical means of connectivity in Himalayan ***,the terrain is inherently fragile with varied geological,geomorphological,ecological,and climate regimes,that result in frequent slope failure and disruption in *** risk is further to be increased by extreme events-generated hazards,which are expected to rise in frequency and magnitude with ongoing intervention,however,can improve the sustainability of road *** present study attempts to analyse and quantify the impacts of a major road widening project initiated in 2018 in the upper Ganga catchment,Uttarakhand Himalaya which has destabilised valley slopes along the widened ***,a large quantity of excavated sediments is dumped down slopes,which is posing a threat to aquatic *** estimates are based on Google Earth imagery of a few representative road segments recently widened in the upper Ganga catchment,which indicate a substantial increase in the landslide and unstable slope area following the road *** increase in unstable slope area is attributed to improper road widening approaches and poor slope management in seismically active Himalayan ***,the mean velocity plots of Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(PSInSAR)indicate that the segments undergoing road widening are coherent with areas of significant earth surface change.A broad correlation between the road width and sediment yield indicates that even a slight increase in road width can result in a large-scale mass removal from the toe of the hillslope,inflicting cascading impact on *** study recommends a more flexible road construction approach based on the environmental and geological aspects of the terrain for sustainable road ***,the impact of climate change is looming over the Himalayas,and the relation between climate change and its potential effects on the stability of slopes remains an open issue.

关键词： Himalaya Disaster resilient road Landslide Flash flood Road-widening

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Response of drainage to tectonics and PS-InSAR derived deformation study in Bilaspur,northwestern Himalaya,India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 205-218页

作者： Moulishree Joshi girish ch.kothyari Kapil Malik Ajay Kumar Taloor Department of Geology Kumaun University NainitalIndia Institute of Seismological Research GandhinagarGujaratIndia IIT Indian School of Mines DhanbadIndia Department of Remote Sensing and GIS University of JammuJammuIndia

The study of drainage patterns in tectonically active regions is conducive to the prediction of regional *** subsurface changes can be detected by drainage conditions and manifested in the form of drainage *** Satluj valley of Bilaspur,which is traversed by numerous faults in northwest Himalayan region,was selected to analyze the effect of active tectonics on drainage *** the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(PS-InSAR)technique,SENTINEL-1A data were used to estimate the active surface deformation between September 2015 and December *** results show that the region between Barasar Thrust(BrT)and Main Central Thrust(MCT)is undergoing deformation of±12 mm/*** Stream Power Incision Model(SPIM)was used to predict deformation *** validate the tectonic activity generated by the drainage network,seismic bvalues were calculated,indicating the accumulating *** study shows the importance of drainage anomalies in tectonically active *** used in close combination with other seismotectonic parameters,drainage anomalies can be effective in delineating tectonically active regions.

关键词： Geomorphology Deformation Satluj river Himachal Himalaya

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Damming of River Indus during Late Quaternary in Ladakh Region of Trans-Himalaya, NW India: Implications to Lake formation-climate and tectonics

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科学通报 2013年第S1期58卷 142-155页

作者： PHARTIYAL Binita SHARMA Anupam kothyari girish ch Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Central University of Himachal Pradesh Institute of Seismological Research

Indus river valley basin in Northwest Indian Himalaya is tectonically unstable, exhibiting a complex topography, landscape relief and varied Quaternary sedimentation. A 422 km transact along the Indus river valley from Nyoma to Batalik in Ladakh(Trans Himalayas) reveals the damming of the river four places and existence of four major palaeolakes in the Late Quaternary Period. The commencement and breeching of the palaeolake sequences and the seismites preserved therein mark of the tectonic pluses in the area but the contribution of climate cannot be ruled out. The major geomorphic landforms are alluvial fans, debris cones, unsorted pedestals, fluvio-lacustrine deposits, scree, talus cone etc. Ubiquitous mass movements and catastrophic land sliding, due to tectonic activity and abnormally high precipitation has transported the material from steep slopes to valley bottoms, was responsible of forming lakes(preserved as thick piles of fine sediment), while the outburst floods redistributed the sediment down valley. chronologies of two lakes are available which reveal the presence of one during post LGM times around 17000 a BP which breached out prior to Older Dryas indicating of warmer and congenial rainfall and melt water supply between these two globally marked cold episode. Other lake was formed after the Younger Dryas and existed till ~1000 a BP indicative of the Holocene warming responsible for its sustenance.

关键词： Late Quaternary Holocene Trans Himalaya Indus Palaeolake deposits climate

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Plant-based vaccines against viral hepatitis: A panoptic review

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第3期13卷 49-55页

作者： Devanathan Reka chandrashekaran girish Department of Pharmacology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherry 605006India

The traditional vaccines against hepatitis have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of some types of viral hepatitis;however,the need for cost-effective,easily distributable,and needle-free vaccine alternatives has led to the exploration of plant-based ***-based techniques offer a promising avenue for producing viral hepatitis vaccines due to their low-cost cultivation,scalability,and the potential for oral *** review highlights the successful expression of hepatitis B surface antigens in plants and the subsequent formation of virus-like particles,which have shown immunogenicity in preclinical and clinical *** challenges such as achieving sufficient antigen expression levels,ensuring consistent dosing,and navigating regulatory frameworks,are *** review considers the potential of plant-based vaccines to meet the demands of rapid vaccine deployment in response to outbreaks and their role in global immunization strategies,particularly in resource-limited *** review underscores the significant strides made in plant molecular farming and the potential of plant-based vaccines to complement existing immunization methods against viral hepatitis.

关键词： Plant-based therapeutics Plant vaccines Edible vaccines Viral hepatitis Phytopharmacology and molecular pharming

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Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： Mukti Barua M.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy J.Wester channarayapatna K.girish Peter V.chrystal Velmurugu Ravindran Monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiChattogram 4225Bangladesh Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik(SEA)Pte.Ltd609927 Singapore Complete Feed Solutions Howick 2145AucklandNew Zealand

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients(SIDC)of nitrogen(N)and amino acids(AA)in two protein sources(soybean meal[SBM]and canola meal[CM])were investigated at six broiler ages(d 7,14,21,28,35,and 42).Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM(413 g/kg)or CM(553 g/kg)as the sole dietary AA *** dioxide(5 g/kg)was added as an indigestible marker.A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age *** assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7(14 birds/cage),14(12 birds/cage),21(10 birds/cage),28(8 birds/cage),35(8 birds/cage)and 42(6 birds/cage),*** apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA *** the SBM group,though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced(quadratic;P=0.075)by age,no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable(IAA)and total AA(TAA).An age effect(quadratic;Pch increased beyond d *** SIDC of some individual AA(Arg,Thr,Trp,Cys,Pro)were affected(P<0.05 or P<0.001)in a quadratic manner by *** the CM,the SIDC of N,average SIDC of IAA,DAA and TAA were influenced(quadratic;P<0.05 or P<0.001)by *** SIDC of N and average SIDC of DAA and TAA were higher from d 7 to 14,declined at d 21,and then increased beyond d *** average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased *** SIDC of individual AA were affected(linear or quadratic;P<0.05 or P<0.001)by different magnitudes by *** age influence on the SIDC AA was variable,depending on the protein source and *** results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Magnetic fabric and geomorphic characteristic of Neotectonic activity along strike direction of North Almora Thrust,Kumaun Lesser Himalaya,India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 261-274页

作者： Ritu chauhan girish ch.kothyari Surendra S.Bhakuni Pitamber Dutt Pant Ajay Kumar Taloor CAS in Geology Kumaun UniversityNainitalIndia Institute of Seismological Research RaisanGandhinagar382009India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology DehradunIndia Department of Remote Sensing and GIS University of JammuJammuIndia

Structurally,the North Almora Thrust(NAT),is placed in the northern proximity of the Almora Nappe(AN)in the Kumaun Lesser *** NAT is characterized by the presence of a zone of mylonitic rocks of basal Saryu Formation(1800±100 Ma)in the hanging wall and the metasedimentaries of Inner Lesser Himalayan rocks as the footwall *** NAT has been dextrally offset by two estabilished maj or faults *** River Fault(SRF)in Saryu Valley and Dwarahat-chaukhutia Fault(DCF)in Ramganga *** present study,we identified four new faults,based on field study,geomorphic landform and magnetic fabric *** faults are N-S trending Pancheshwar Fault,NE-SW Rameshwer Fault,NNE-SSW trending Kosi Fault,and NNE-SSW trending Gagas Fault(GF).Our results show that the zone is bound by cross cutting relation with NAT and these fault zones are comparatively more active than other ***,we suggest that the steep and NW-SE orientation of magnetic foliation within the NAT zone is a result of NE-SW oriented progressive regional *** magnetic foliations represent the unseen internal foliations in the rocks developed due to preferred alignment of magnetic minerals and can be found through the Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS)*** in the alignment of the field and magnetic foliations are developed due to superimposed brittle deformation along the faults over the pre-existing field *** foliations represent the impact of last stage deformation and significant to find brittle deformation and finite strain in the rocks of the study *** lowering of anisotropy(Pj)away from the fault zone represents distribution of strain across the NAT *** fabric confirms the presence of faults developed across the NAT zone and also explains the deformation pattern along these *** geomorphic anomalies and steepness changes across the NAT zone are correlated with active deformation along the NAT and associated transverse

关键词： North Almora Thrust(NAT) Geomorphology Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility Neotectonics Kumaun Lesser Himalaya

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