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bemisia tabaci Phylogenetic Groups in India and the Relative Transmission Efficacy of Tomato leaf curl bangalore virus by an Indigenous and an Exotic Population

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 235-248页

作者： R v Chowda-Reddy M Kirankumar Susan E Seal v Muniyappa girish b.v.land M R Govindappa John Colvin Agriculture Health and Environment GroupNatural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUnited Kingdom Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre London-N5V 4T3Canada Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural SciencesBangalore-560 065India Department of Plant Pathology Gujarat Agricultural UniversityAnand 388110GujaratIndia

bemisia tabaci adults from various host-plant species were collected from 31 regions across India.266 *** samples were first screened by RAPD-PCR to examine molecular variability and to select individuals with different ***-plant and region of collection were then used to select 25 individuals for PCR amplification and sequencing of their partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one（mtCOI）*** comparisons with mtCOI consensus sequences showed that the majority of these samples had 〈3.5% sequence divergence from groups currently termed Asia I,Asia II-5,Asia II-7,and Asia *** biotype-b *** from India clustered into the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 group.A new group of *** from Coimbatore,collected from pumpkin,was related most closely to the Asia I group（6.2% sequence divergence from the consensus Asia I sequence）.To increase our understanding of the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease（ToLCD）and the key *** genetic groups involved in virus spread,the indigenous Asia I and the exotic biotype-b population from South India were used to carry out transmission experiments using Tomato leaf curl bangalore virus（ToLCbv）.The acquisition access periods（AAP）,inoculation access periods（IAP）,latent periods（LP）,and ToLCbv transmission efficiencies of the two populations were compared and the biotype-b had the more efficient transmission *** results are discussed in relation to recent changes in the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease in South India.

关键词： begomoviruses mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase whitefly bemisia tabaci virus-vector relationships epidemiology

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Tunable chemical complexity to control atomic diffusion in alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1360-1367页

作者： Yuri Osetsky Alexander v.barashev Laurent K.béland Zhongwen Yao Keyvan Ferasat Yanwen Zhang Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

In this paper we report a new fundamental understanding of chemically-biased diffusion in Ni–Fe random alloys that is tuned/controlled by the intrinsic quantifiable chemical *** of radiation-tolerant alloys has been a long-standing *** we show how intrinsic chemical complexity can be utilized to guide the atomic diffusion and suppress radiation *** influence of chemical complexity is shown by the example of interstitial atom(IA)diffusion that is the most important defect in radiation *** useμs-scale molecular dynamics to reveal sluggish diffusion and percolation of IAs in concentrated Ni–Fe *** develop a mean field diffusion model to take into account the effect of migrating defect energy properties on diffusion percolation,which is verified by a new kinetic Monte Carlo approach addressing detailed *** demonstrate that the local variations in the ground state energy of IA configurations in alloys,reflecting the chemical difference between alloying components,drives the percolation effects for atomic ***,chemically-biased and sluggish diffusion are phenomena that are directly related to the chemical complexity intrinsically to multicomponent alloys.

关键词： alloys alloying diffusion

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Cystic fibrosis associated liver disease in children

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第11期13卷 1727-1742页

作者： Joseph J valamparampil girish L Gupte Liver Unit Birmingham Children’s HospitalBirmingham B46NHUnited Kingdom

Cystic fibrosis(CF)is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator *** liver disease develops in 5%-10%of patients with CF and is the third leading cause of death among patients with CF after pulmonary disease or lung transplant *** review the pathogenesis,clinical presentations,complications,diagnostic evaluation,effect of medical therapies especially CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators and liver transplantation in CF associated liver disease.

关键词： Cystic fibrosis liver disease Portal hypertension Cirrhosis Liver transplantation Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators Distal intestinal obstructive syndrome

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Entropy generation minimization in the Carreau nanofluid flow over a convectively heated inclined plate with quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction:A Stefan blowing application

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： b.Lavanya J.girish Kumar M.Jayachandra babu C.S.K.Raju bander Almutairi Nehad Ali Shah Department of Mathematics Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Mathematics S.V.A Government CollegeSrikalahasti 517644India Department of Mathematics GITAM School of Science(GSS)GITAMBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea

Entropy analysis can help to identify the sources of entropy generation in a heat transfer process more accurately than other methods,such as energy efficiency *** is because entropy analysis takes into account the quality of energy as well as its ***-nofluids have already been shown to have superior heat transfer characteristics compared to *** blowing can further enhance the heat transfer capabilities of nano-fluids by increasing the massflux and turbulence at the *** can be beneficial in a wide range of applications,such as heat exchangers,electronic cooling,and solar energy *** convective boundary condition accounts for heat transfer effects,influencing temperature distribution and the thermal boundary *** on the direction of heat transfer,the convective boundary condition can induce cooling or heating effects on the inclined *** has practical implications for various engineering applications,such as the cooling of electronic devices or heating in industrial *** nanofluids have a wide range of potential applications in heat transfer,energy storage,drug delivery,and food *** research investigates how the presence of Stefan blowing affects the properties of Carreau nanofluid flow across a convectively heated tilted *** and mass transport phenomena are studied using quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction *** mathematical model for this work is based on the buongiorno *** governing equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solved using the bvp4c *** parameters such as the mass transfer rate can be visualized using bar *** study’s primary findings are that when the Weissenberg number increases,the velocity rises and the concentration profile declines due to brownian *** is discovered that,when 0.5≤γ≤3(the inverse porosity parameter),the friction factor declines by 0

关键词： Thermal radiation bvP4C Stefan blowing biot number brownian motion Irreversibilit

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biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove ecosystems of Kerala,southwest coast of India

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 355-363页

作者： K.M.Harishma S.Sandeep v.b.Sreekumar Department of Forest botany Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiKerala 680653India Department of Soil Science Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiKerala 680653India

background:Mangroves are important tropical carbon sinks,and their role in mitigating climate change is well documented across the ***,the ecosystem carbon stocks in the mangroves of India have not been studied *** from this region is very limited for providing sufficient insights and authentic evaluation of carbon stocks on a regional *** this study,we evaluated the ecosystem carbon stock and its spatial variation in mangroves of Kerala,southwest coast of ***:The mean biomass stored in mangrove vegetation of Kerala is 117.11±1.02 t/ha(AbG=80.22±0.80,bGb=36.89±0.23 t/ha).Six mangrove species were found distributed in the study *** the different species,Avicennia marina had the highest biomass(162.18 t/ha)and least biomass was observed in Sonneratia alba(0.61 t/ha).The mean ecosystem carbon stock of mangrove systems in Kerala was estimated to be 139.82 t/ha,equivalent to 513.13 t CO2 e/ha with the vegetation and soil storing 58.56 t C/ha and 81.26 t C/ha ***:The present study reveals that Kerala mangroves store sizable volume of carbon and therefore need to be preserved and managed sustainably,to retain along with the increase in carbon *** features the need of broadening mangrove cover as well as restoring deteriorated land in the past 50 *** mangrove forests in this region are protected by the Kerala Forest Department,they have been frequently facing illegal encroachment,prawn cultivation,and coastal erosion.

关键词： Mangrove ecosystem biomass Aboveground carbon belowground carbon Ecosystem carbon stock

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Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer prevention by dietary phytochemicals:From experimental models to clinical trials

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World Journal of biological Chemistry 2016年第1期7卷 88-99页

作者： girish b Maru Rasika R Hudlikar Gaurav Kumar Khushboo Gandhi Manoj b Mahimkar Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC)Tata Memorial Centre (TMC)

Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Amongst environmental chemopreventive compounds, diet/beverage-derived components are under evaluation, because of their long history of exposure to humans, high tolerability, low toxicity, and reported biological activities. This compilation briefly covers and compares the available evidence on chemopreventive efficacy and probable mechanism of chemoprevention by selected dietary phytochemicals(capsaicin, curcumin, diallyl sulphide, genistein, green/black tea polyphenols, indoles, lycopene, phenethyl isocyanate, resveratrol, retinoids and tocopherols) in experimental systems and clinical trials. All the dietary phytochemicals covered in this review have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against spontaneous or carcinogen-induced experimental tumors and/or associated biomarkers and processes in rodents at several organ sites. The observed anti-initiating, anti-promoting and anti-progression activity of dietary phytochemicals in carcinogen-induced experimental models involve phytochemical-mediated redox changes, modulation of enzymes and signaling kinases resulting to effects on multiple genes and cell signaling pathways. Results from clinical trials using these compounds have not shown them to be chemopreventive. This may be due to our:(1) inability to reproduce the exposure conditions, i.e., levels, complexity, other host and lifestyle factors; and(2) lack of understanding about the mechanisms of action and agent-mediated toxicity in several organs and physiological processes in the host. Current research efforts in addressing the issues of exposure conditions, bioavailability, toxicity and the mode of action of dietary phytochemicals may help address the reason for observed mismatch that may ultimately lead

关键词： Cancer prevention Dietary phytochemicals Chemoprevention Experimental efficacy Mechanisms of action Clinical trials bioavailability Toxicity

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Plant-based vaccines against viral hepatitis: A panoptic review

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World Journal of virology 2024年第3期13卷 49-55页

作者： Devanathan Reka Chandrashekaran girish Department of Pharmacology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherry 605006India

The traditional vaccines against hepatitis have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of some types of viral hepatitis;however,the need for cost-effective,easily distributable,and needle-free vaccine alternatives has led to the exploration of plant-based ***-based techniques offer a promising avenue for producing viral hepatitis vaccines due to their low-cost cultivation,scalability,and the potential for oral *** review highlights the successful expression of hepatitis b surface antigens in plants and the subsequent formation of virus-like particles,which have shown immunogenicity in preclinical and clinical *** challenges such as achieving sufficient antigen expression levels,ensuring consistent dosing,and navigating regulatory frameworks,are *** review considers the potential of plant-based vaccines to meet the demands of rapid vaccine deployment in response to outbreaks and their role in global immunization strategies,particularly in resource-limited *** review underscores the significant strides made in plant molecular farming and the potential of plant-based vaccines to complement existing immunization methods against viral hepatitis.

关键词： Plant-based therapeutics Plant vaccines Edible vaccines viral hepatitis Phytopharmacology and molecular pharming

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Isolation of Multi-Drug Resistant Paenibacillus sp. from Fertile Soil： An Imminent Menace of Spreading Resistance

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Journal of Life Sciences 2010年第5期4卷 15-19页

作者： Pallavi b. Pednekar Roopesh Jain Narsinh L. Thakur girish b. Mahajan Department of biotechnology The KET＇s V.G. Vaze College Mumbai University Navi-mumbai 400709 India Department of Natural Products Piramal Life Sciences Limited Mumbai 400063 India bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory National Institute of Oceanography （CSIR） Goa 403004 India

There are a good number of reports in the literature stating spread of resistance from normal soil flora to nosocomial microorganism through various ways. Similarly during the study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in the microflora, a multidrug resistant bacterium has been isolated from soil collected in Maharashtra state （India）. The bacterium exhibited a resistance to various classes of antibiotics namely glycopeptide, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides and lincosomides. The bacterial strain showed its resemblance to the genus Paenibacillus. This constitutes the first report of its kind as to the multi-drug resistance trait in the genus Paenibacillus phenotype, especially in close phylogenetic neighbour of Paenibacillus daejeonensis. The resistance pattern displayed by this strain particularly highlights the possible presence of multiple resistant determinants in microflora of the soil rhizosphere. In view of the recent reports about the Paenibacillus spp. in clinical derived strains, such multi-drug resistance factors in this genus adds to menace of transmission of resistance to common soil originating pathogen. The data also supports the fact that the resistances to certain antibiotics need not always be due to exposure to particular antibiotic or similar substance.

关键词： Paenibacillus daejeonensis multi-drug resistant Paenibacillus

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Sensitivity of the Indian Monsoon to Human Activities

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第6期25卷 932-945页

作者： b. KNOPF K. ZICKFELD M. FLECHSIG v. PETOUKHOv Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) School of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of Victoria

In this paper the authors perform an extensive sensitivity analysis of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall to changes in parameters and boundary conditions which are influenced by human activities. For this study the authors use a box model of the Indian monsoon which reproduces key features of the observed monsoon dynamics such as the annual course of precipitation and the transitions between winter and summer regimes. because of its transparency and computational efficiency, this model is highly suitable for exploring the effects of anthropogenic perturbations such as emissions of greenhouse gases and sulfur dioxide, and land cover changes, on the Indian monsoon. Results of a systematic sensitivity analysis indicate that changes in those parameters which are related to emissions of greenhouse gases lead to an increase in Indian summer rainfall. In contrast, all parameters related to higher atmospheric aerosol concentrations lead to a decrease in Indian rainfall. Similarly, changes in parameters which can be related to forest conversion or desertifieation, act to decrease the summer precipitation. The results indicate that the sign of precipitation changes over India will be dependent on the direction and relative magnitude of different human perturbations.

关键词： Indian monsoon sensitivity analysis global change anthropogenic climate change

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挪威海底隧道经验

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岩石力学与工程学报 2005年第23期24卷 4219-4225页

作者：吕明 Grφv E Nilsen b Melby K 挪威SINTEF集团岩土力学研究所挪威科技大学挪威公路管理局

海底隧道深埋于海水以下,因而在勘探、设计、施工和运行方面都比陆地隧道更困难。挪威在近30a来修建了40条海底隧道,积累了丰富的经验,形成了被称为“挪威海底隧道概念”的一整套技术。规划设计阶段要采用各种可能方法进行尽可能详细的... 详细信息

海底隧道深埋于海水以下,因而在勘探、设计、施工和运行方面都比陆地隧道更困难。挪威在近30a来修建了40条海底隧道,积累了丰富的经验,形成了被称为“挪威海底隧道概念”的一整套技术。规划设计阶段要采用各种可能方法进行尽可能详细的地质勘探,尤其是海洋折射地震波探测,以提供基岩表面深度、基岩地质剖面等重要资料。影响隧道的稳定主要为断层和软弱带,因此,在地质勘探中确认断层和软弱带是极为重要的。施工时需采用精心设计的方法,包括减少每轮爆破的进尺及采用喷射混凝土拱肋、密集长锚桩等。典型的挪威海底隧道衬砌由作为支护的喷锚结构和自立的防水防冻的内衬砌组成。挪威海底隧道的衬砌都按排水结构设计,而不承受外水压力。渗水是海底隧道的最大威胁,施工期应随时了解掌子面前的地质和水文地质条件,超前探测孔和预灌浆是控制渗流的最佳方法,同时必须时刻准备处理可能发生的紧急情况。最小岩石覆盖厚度影响隧道安全和造价,必须慎重考虑,根据岩石条件、稳定要求、渗水量充分论证,大部分挪威海底隧道的最小岩石覆盖厚度都小于50m。海水的腐蚀性给海底隧道带来一系列的特殊问题,须认真对待。

关键词：隧道工程海洋地质勘探设计与施工运行

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