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Hemozoin triggers tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated release of lysozyme by human adherent monocytes:new evidences on leukocyte degranulation in *** malaria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第3期2卷 35-40页

作者： Mauro Prato giribaldi g Arese P Department of genetics Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Torino Medical SchoolTorinoItaly

Objective:Avidly phagocytosed hemozoin(malarial pigment) alters several functions of human monocytes and stimulates generation of several ***,we showed that phagocytosis of hemozoin by human monocytes increases expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9,a proteolytic enzyme available in specific gelatinase granules,which contain several enzymes including *** work investigated active lysozyme release after phagocytosis of hemozoin and its dependence on production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Methods:After phagocytosis of hemozoin,hemozoin-containing trophozoites or control meals(opsonized nonparasitized red blood cells and latex particles),monocyte supematants were monitored for 2 hours,in presence of blocking anti-human tumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies or recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha cytokine in selected *** release was evaluated by a specific spectrometric assay measuring lysozyme activity after coincubation of cell supematants with suspensions of Mycrococcus Lysodeikticus,while levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha were analyzed by specific enzyme-linked immunodsorbent assay. Results:Levels of lysozyme activity and soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha protein were increased in hemozoin in-or trophozoites-laden monocytes *** per se(control meals) also increased lysozyme release,but levels were significantly lower than those obtained after phagocytosis of hemozoin or trophozoites. Interestingly,all effects on lysozyme release observed after phagocytosis were abrogated by blocking anti-human tumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies,while they were mimicked by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha ***:Present work shows that phagocytosis of hemozoin promotes monocyte degranulation and enhances active lysozyme *** effect requires tumor necrosis factor alpha mediation.

关键词： Hemozoin Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Monocyte Phagocytosis Tumor necrosis factor alpha Lysozyme Degranulation gelatinase granules Matrix metalloproteinases

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Stepping up after spinal cord injury:negotiating an obstacle during walking

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1919-1929页

作者： Alain Frigon Charly g.Lecomte Department of Pharmacology-Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversitéde SherbrookeCentre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada

Every day walking consists of frequent voluntary modifications in the gait pattern to negotiate *** spinal cord injury,stepping over an obstacle becomes *** over an obstacle requires sensorimotor transformations in several structures of the brain,including the parietal cortex,premotor cortex,and motor *** information and planning are transformed into motor commands,which are sent from the motor cortex to spinal neuronal circuits to alter limb trajectory,coordinate the limbs,and maintain *** spinal cord injury,bidirectional communication between the brain and spinal cord is disrupted and animals,including humans,fail to voluntarily modify limb trajectory to step over an ***,in this review,we discuss the neuromechanical control of stepping over an obstacle,why it fails after spinal cord injury,and how it recovers to a certain extent.

关键词： biomechanics locomotion neurophysiology obstacle negotiation spinal cord injury

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An SPH Framework for Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction Hazard Assessment of geotechnical Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 251-277页

作者： Sourabh Mhaski g.V.Ramana Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi110016India

Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction poses significant risks to the stability of geotechnical structures *** understanding of the liquefaction triggering,and the post-failure large deformation behaviour is essential for designing resilient *** present study develops a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)framework for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard assessment of geotechnical *** coupled flowdeformation behaviour of soils subjected to cyclic loading is described using the PM4Sand model implemented in a three-phase,single-layer SPH framework.A staggered discretisation scheme based on the stress particle SPH approach is adopted to minimise numerical inaccuracies caused by zero-energy modes and tensile ***,non-reflecting boundary conditions for seismic analysis of semi-infinite soil domains using the SPH method are *** numerical framework is employed for the analysis of cyclic direct simple shear test,seismic analysis of a level ground site,and liquefaction-induced failure of the Lower San Fernando *** agreement for liquefaction triggering and post-failure behaviour demonstrates that the SPH framework can be utilised to assess the effect of seismic loading on field-scale geotechnical *** present study also serves as the basis for future advancements of the SPH method for applications related to earthquake geotechnical engineering.

关键词： Earthquake seismic liquefaction stress particle PM4Sand smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)

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From control to eradication of malaria:the end of being stuck in second gear?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第5期3卷 412-420页

作者： Khadjavi Amina giribaldi giuliana Prato Mauro Department of genetics Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Torino Medical School10126TorinoItaly

More than 2 billion people are at risk of malaria,which primarily affects poor populations in tropical and subtropical areas,including Southern *** malaria incidence has been reduced strongly in some parts of endemic regions by combinations of interventions,including artemisinin-based therapies and insecticide-treated bed nets,a new goal has been established recently by charity foundations which support research on malaria:the worldwide eradication of the *** away with control approaches which have been applied for the last 50 years and more focus on elimination objectives will deeply change priorities in the area of malaria treatment,chemoprevention,vector control,vaccine research and health system *** this review,actual knowledge on pathogenesis and pharmacology is discussed,and new drugs, vaccines and insecticides are described.

关键词： Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Anopheles mosquito Antimalarial drugs Vaccine Vector control Hemozoin Matrix metalloproteinases

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Bioelectronic medicine in modulation of cortical spreading depolarization and beyond

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 481-482页

作者： Khaled Alok Timothy g.White Chunyan Li Department of Neurosurgery Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA Translational Brain Research Laboratory The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNYUSA

Bioelectronic interventions,specifically trigeminal nerve st imulat ion(TNS),have attracted considerable attention in conditions where cortical spreading depolarizations(CSDs)accompanied by compromised cerebral perfusion may exacerbate neurological *** pharmacological interventions have demonstrated initial potential in addressing CSDs,a standardized treatment approach has not yet been *** objective of this perspective is to explore emerging bioelectronic methodologies for addressing CSDs,particularly emphasizing TNS,and to underscore TNS’s capacity to enhance neurovascular coupling and cerebral perfusion.

关键词： cerebral perfusion electronic

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Impact of Zika virus non-structural protein mutations on hippocampal damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2307-2308页

作者： Larissa M.g.Cassiano Roney S.Coimbra Neurogenômica/Imunopatologia Instituto RenéRachouFiocruzBelo HorizonteBrazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil

The Zika virus(ZIKV),a member of the Flaviviridae family,attracted worldwide attention for its connection to severe neurological effects,notably microcephaly in newborns,first reported during the 2015 epidemic in ***,its impact goes beyond fetal and neonatal abnormalities,also affecting the central nervous system(CNS)in both children and adults,leading to enduring cognitive and behavioral impairments.

关键词： damage fetal neonatal

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Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-lalpha mediates Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 enhancement in human adherent monocytes fed with malarial pigment

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第12期4卷 925-930页

作者： giuliana giribaldi Elena Valente Amina Khadjavi Manuela Polimeni Mauro Prato Dipartimento di genetica Biologia e BiochimicaFacolta di Medicina e ChirurgiaUniversita degli studi di TorinoTorinoItaly Dipartimento di genetica Biologia e BiochimicaFacolta di Medicina e ChirurgiaUniversita degli studi di TorinoTurinoItaly Corresponding author:Prof.Mauro Prato PhDDepartment of GeneticsBiology and BiochemistryUniversity of Torino Medical School10126TorinoItaly

Objective:To investigate the role of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha(MIP-1 alpha) in the detrimental enhancement of matrix mnetalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) expression,release and activity induced by phagocytosis of malarial pigment(haemozoin,HZ) in human monocytes. Methods:Human adherent monocytes were unfed/fed with native HZ for 2 *** 24 hours. MIP-1 alpha production was evaluated by ELISA in cell *** /fed monocytes were treated in presence/absence of anti-human MIP-1 alpha blocking antibodies or recombinant human MIP-lalpha for 15 h(RNA studies) or 24 h(protein studies): therefore,MMP-9 mRNA expression was evaluated in cell lysatcs by Real Time RT-PCR,whereas proMMP-9 and active MMP-9 protein release were measured in cell supernatants by Western blotting and gelatin ***:Phagocytosis of HZ by human monocytes increased production of MIP-1 *** expression of MMP-9 and protein release of proMMP-9 and active *** the HZ-enbancing effects on MMP-9 were abrogated by anti-human MIP- 1 alpha blocking antibodies and mimicked by recombinant human MIP-l ***: The present work suggests a role for MIP-lalpha in the HZ-dependent enhancement of MMP-9 expression,release and activity observed in human *** new detrimental effects of HZ-triggered proinflammatory response by phagocytic cells in falciparum malaria.

关键词： Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Monocyte Phagocytosis Haemozoin Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Macrophage inflammatory proteinlalpha

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Malarial pigment enhances heat shock protein-27 in THP-1 cells:new perspectives for in vitro studies on monocyte apoptosis prevention

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第12期3卷 934-938页

作者： Mauro Prato Valentina gallo Elena Valente Amina Khadjavi giorgia Mandili giuliana giribaldi Department of genetics Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Torino Medical SchoolTorinoItaly

Objective:To investigate the effect of malarial pigment(hemozoin,HZ) on expression of heat shock proteins(HSPs) and cell viability in human monocytes by using a stable cell line(THP-1 cells).Methods:THP-1 cells were fed with native HZ or treated with pro-apoptotic molecule gliotoxin for 9 ***,the protein expression of HSP-27 and HSP-70 was evaluated by western ***,HZ-fed cells were cultured up to 72 h and cell viability parameters(survival,apoptosis and necrosis rates) were measured by flow cytometric analysis. Results:HZ increased basal protein levels of HSP-27 without altering those of HSP-70 in THP-1 cells,and promoted long-term cell survival without inducing *** expected,gliotoxin inhibited HSP-27 protein expression and promoted long-term cell ***: Present data show that HZ prevents cell apoptosis and enhances the expression of anli-apoptotic HSP-27 in THP-1 cells,confirming the previous evidences obtained from HZ-fed immunopurified *** the use of a stable cell line is pivotal to perform HSP-27 silencing experiments, monocytic THP-1 cells could be a good candidate line for such an approach,which is heavily required to clarify the role of HSP-27 in survival of impaired HZ-fed monocytes during falciparum malaria.

关键词： Hemozoin Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Monocyte THP-1 cells Phagocytosis Apoptosis Heat shock protein-27

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Xiamen after 20 Years of Ecological Transformation

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China Today 2025年第1期74卷 66-68页

作者： ZACHARY g.LUNDQUIST 不详

The efforts Xiamen has made in ecological protection over the last 20 years have helped it become a beautiful and clean *** years ago,I had the opportunity to travel to the city of Xiamen in southeastern China’s Fujian ***,due to the fact that I was in a rush,I did not have the chance to see the whole *** memory of Xiamen was its pleasant climate and unforgettable beauty-I knew if I ever got the opportunity,I would revisit this *** years went by until I was able to return to this city *** emerging from the airport,I realized that I had grown older,while Xiamen was becoming increasingly youthful and *** exactly had given this city such vitality?

关键词： Ecological Xiamen Transformation

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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton g.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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