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An Italian contribution to architectural restoration

Frontiers of Architectural Research 2012年第1期1卷 2-9页

作者： giovanni Carbonara Facolta' Di Architettura Sapienza Universita' Di Roma Via Gramsci 53 00197 Roma Italy

The essay provides an up-to-date review of the realities of Italian restoration. Restoration work feeds off the doubt that stems directly from historical and balance, and a conceptual rigour and practical approach at the same time. Restoration is carried out always and only on the original, with all the attendant risks of error and damage, and thus with all the prudence that demands. One of the most recent definitions of restoration is put forward：＂By restoration, therefore, is meant any intervention that has the aim of conserving and transmitting to the future works of historical, artistic and environmental interest, facilitating the reading of them while not erasing the traces of the passage of time this is based on a respect for ancient material land the authentic documentation that such works constitute and, moreover, is to be seen as a critical act of interpretation that is not verbal but expressed concretely in the work carried out. Or, more precisely, it is a critical hypothesis and a proposition that is always modifiable, without it ever altering irreversibly the original＂. The true nature of restoration is a complete fusion of historical and technical-scientific expertise. It is therefore artificial to distinguish between a ＇project of consolidation＇ and a truly described restoration project. This is a distinction based on the assumption （to be demonstrated） that in an ancient building static problems and those related to the materials can be isolated and treated separately from an overall understanding of the architectural ensemble. So the paper stresses research methodology, the project and specific skills. As part of the principle of unity of methods in restoration, interdisciplinarity is viewed as the principal toot for bringing together consistently and fully the different skills necessary for the study and conservation of monuments. In summary, there are three fundamental components：（1） the history of architecture and theory of restoration; （2） the

关键词： Restoration I nterdisciptinarity Monumental heritageItaly

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Full-face excavation of large tunnels in difficult conditions

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2016年第3期8卷 294-303页

作者： giovanni Barla Politecnicodi Torino TorinoItaly

Following a few preliminary remarks on the tunneling methods at the beginning of the 20th century, thesuccessful applications of the full-face method also in difficult conditions are underlined. The attention isposed on the use of a systematic reinforcement of the face and of the ground, by means of fiber-glasselements. A selection of tunnels where this method was used successfully is reported with the purposeof illustrating the wide spectrum of ground conditions where it has been applied. Then, following adescription of the main concepts behind the method, the attention moves from the so-called “heavymethod”, where deformations are restrained, to the “light method”, where deformations are allowedwith the intention to decrease the stresses acting on the primary and final linings. The progress in theapplication of the “light method” is underlined, up to the development of a novel technique, which relieson the use of a yielding support composed of top head steel sets with sliding joints and specialdeformable elements inserted in the primary lining. The well-known case study of the Saint Martin LaPorte access adit, along the Lyon-Turin Base Tunnel, is described. In this tunnel, a yield-control supportsystem combined with full-face excavation has been adopted successfully in order to cope with the largedeformations experienced during face advance through the Carboniferous formation. The monitoringresults obtained during excavation are illustrated, together with the modeling studies performed whenpaying attention to the rock mass time-dependent behavior.

关键词： Tunneling in difficult conditionsFull-face excavation Design Performance monitoringModelingCase study

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Both comorbidity burden and low testosterone can explain symptoms and signs of testosterone deficiency in men consulting for sexual dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第3期22卷 265-273页

作者： Giulia Rastrelli giovanni Corona Mario Maggi Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceViale Pieraccini 6Florence 50139Italy Endocrinology Unit Medical DepartmentMaggiore-Bellaria HospitalLargo Nigrisoli 2Bologna 40133Italy I.N.B.B. Biostructures and Biosystems National InstituteViale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305Rome(X)136Italy Endocrinology Unit Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences**Mario Serio"University of FlorenceViale Pieraccini 6Florence 50139Italy.

Low testosterone(T)is frequent in men with chronic *** clinical features of T deficiency(TD)overlap with those of chronic *** aim of this study is to evaluate the relative contribution of chronic disease score(CDS)and low T to the presenee of TD symptoms.A consecutive series of 3862 men(aged 52.1±13.1 years)consulting for sexual dysfunction were *** clinical and biochemical parameters were collected,in eluding the structured interview,ANDROTEST,for the assessme nt of TD *** color Doppler ultrasound(PCDU)was also *** on the medications taken,the CDS was *** a subset of 1687 men,information on mortality was collected(follow-up of 4.3±2.6 years).Higher CDS was associated with lower free and total T(TT)as well as with higher ANDROTEST *** introducing CDS and TT in multivariable models adjusted for age,severe erectile dysfunctio n and impaired morning erectio ns were associated with both CDS(odds ratio and 95%confide nee interaval,OR[95%Cl]=1.25[1.13;1.37]and 1.38[1.29;1.48],respectively)and low TT(OR[95%Cl]=1.11[1.00;1.23]and 1.13[1.06;1.21],respectively).Similar results were obtained for PCDU *** sexual desire was associated with low TT(OR[95%Cl]=1.21[1.13;1.30]),whereas it was inversely related with CDS(OR[95%Cl]=0.91[0.84;0.97]).When considering mortality for major cardiovascular events,TT<8 nmol I1,but not CDS,was a significant predictor(hazard ratio[95%Cl]=5.57[1.51;20.63]).Chronic illnesses are associated with an overt *** chronic diseases and low T can be invoIved in determining symptoms present in subjects complaining for sexual *** should be considered in the diagnostic workup for TD.

关键词： chronic diseases erectile dysfunction sexual symptoms testosterone deficiency

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XRD study of intercalation in statically annealed composites of ethylene copolymers and organically modified ***-tailed organoclays

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2014年第1期5卷 59-74页

作者： Sara Filippi giovanni Polacco Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of PisaLargo Lucio Lazzarino156126 PisaItaly

Ethylene copolymers with different polar comonomers,such as vinyl acetate,methyl acrylate,glycidyl methacrylate,and maleic anhydride,were used for the preparation of polymer/clay nanocomposites by statically annealing their mechanical mixtures with different commercial or home-made organically modified montmorillonites containing only one long alkyl *** nanostructure of the products was monitored by X-ray diffraction,and the dispersion of the silicate particles within the polymer matrix was qualitatively evaluated through microscopic *** effect of the preparation conditions on the structure and the morphology of the composites was also addressed through the characterization of selected samples with similar composition prepared by melt *** agreement with the findings reported in a previous paper for the composites filled with two-tailed organoclays,intercalation of the copolymer chains within the tighter galleries of the one-tailed clays occurs easily,independent of the application of a mechanical ***,the shear-driven break-up of the intercalated clay particles into smaller platelets(exfoliation)seems more hindered.A collapse of the organoclay interlayer spacing was only observed clearly for a commercial one-tailed organoclay-Cloisite®30B–whereas the same effect was almost negligible for a home-made organoclay with similar structure.

关键词： ethylene copolymers one-tailed organoclays annealing X-ray diffraction

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NPV risk simulation of an open pit gold mine project under the O'Hara cost model by using Gas

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第3期27卷 557-565页

作者： Franco-Sepulveda giovanni Campuzano Carlos Pineda Cindy Department of Materials and Minerals National University of Colombia Medellin 050036 Colombia

This paper analyzes an open pit gold mine project based on the O'Hara cost model. Hypothetical data is proposed based on different authors that have studied open pit gold projects, and variations are proposed according to the probability distributions associated to key variables affecting the NPV, like production level, ore grade, price of ore, and others, so as to see what if, in a gold open pit mine project of 3000 metric tons per day of ore. Two case scenarios were analyzed to simulate the NPV, one where there is low certainty data available, and the other where the information available is of high certainty. Results based on genetic algorithm metaheuristic simulations, which combine basically Montecarlo simulations provided by the Palisade Risk software, the O'Hara cost model, net smelter return and financial analysis tools offered by Excel are reported, in order to determine to which variables of the project is more sensitive the NPV.

关键词： Genetic algorithms(GAs) O’Hara cost model Montecarlo simulation Open pit gold mine NPV risk analysis

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Down-regulation of DPH2L gene during cellular differentiation/apoptosis:Use of mRNA differential display

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第6期44卷 496-503页

作者： Nicoletta Ferrari giovanni Levi Laboratory of Molecular Biology National Institute for Cancer ResearchLaboratory of Molecular Biology National Institute for Cancer Research Genova Italy Genova Italy

To characterize the genes associated with differentiation/apoptosis induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in human lung cancer cells, mRNA differential display was employed. Six cDNA fragments have been isolated, and one of them corresponds to a sequence-known gene DPH2L with unknown function, which was first isolated from the critical region of deletion on chromosome 17p13.3 in human ovarian carcinoma, and regarded as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Results show that DPH2L is a wide expressed gene, and has another major transcript besides the previously reported 2.3 kb transcript. It is proved that the DPH2L gene is dawn-regulated during differentiation or apoptosis in several kinds of cancer cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4HPR). This may suggest that DPH2L does not play a role as a tumor suppressor gene, on the contrary, its down-regulation may be functionally involved in the transition from cell growth to differentiation or apoptosis.

关键词： mRNA differential display retinoic acids cell differentiation apoptosis tumor suppressor gene.

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Central Schemes and Second Order Boundary Conditions for 1D Interface and Piston Problems in Lagrangian Coordinates

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Communications in Computational Physics 2010年第9期8卷 797-822页

作者： Riccardo Fazio giovanni Russo Department of Mathematics University of MessinaSalita Sperone 3198166 MessinaItaly Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of CataniaViale Andrea Doria 695125 CataniaItaly

We study high-resolution central schemes in Lagrangian coordinates for the one-dimensional system of conservation laws describing the evolution of two gases in slab geometry separated by an *** using Lagrangian coordinates,the interface is transformed to a fixed coordinate in the computational domain and,as a consequence,the movement of the interface is obtained as a byproduct of the numerical *** main contribution is the derivation of a special equation of state to be imposed at the interface in order to avoid non-physical *** boundary conditions at the piston that guarantee second order convergence are *** compare the solution of the piston problem to other results available in the literature and to a reference solution obtained within the adiabatic approximation.A shock-interface interaction problem is also *** results on these tests are in good agreement with those obtained by other methods.

关键词： Lagrangian central schemes Euler equations interface conditions boundary conditions

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Together We Stand-Analyzing Schooling Behavior in Naive Newborn Guppies through Biorobotic Predators

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第1期17卷 174-184页

作者： Donato Romano Hadeel Elayan giovanni Benelli Cesare Stefanini The BioRobotics Institute Sant'Anna School of Advanced StudiesPontederaPisa 56025Italy Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center(HEIC) Khalifa UniversityAbu DhabiPO Box 127788United Arab Emirates Department of Excellence in Robotics&A.I. Sant'Anna School of Advanced StudiesPisa 56127Italy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoON M5SCanada Department of Agriculture Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisa 56124Italy

A major advantage of animal aggregations concerns cooperative antipredator *** behavior emerges earlier in many fish species,especially in those cannibalizing their *** is fundamental for developing schooling ***,the cognitive ability of naive newborn fish to aggregate remains ***,Poecilia reticulata,was selected as model organism to investigate how combinations of biomimetic robotic agents and adult conspecific olfactory cues affect collective responses in *** role of white and brown backgrounds in evoking aggregations was also *** cues were sufficient for triggering aggregations in *** newborns,although robotic agents had a higher influence on the group *** combination of robotic agents and olfactory cues increased schooling behavior ***,schooling was longer in the escape compartment when robotic agents were presented,except for the combination of the male-mimicking robotic fish plus adult guppy olfactory cues,with longer schooling behavior in the exploring *** of the tested cues,newborn fish aggregated preferentially on the brown areas of the ***,this research provides novel insights on the early collective cognitive ability of newborn fish,paving the way to the use of biomimetic robots in behavioral ecology experiments,as substitutes for real predators.

关键词： animal-robot interaction technology bio-hybrid intelligent systems antipredator strategy group behavior Poecilia reticulata

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Endoscopic papillectomy: Indications, techniques, and results

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第6期20卷 1537-1543页

作者： giovanni D De Palma Center of Excellence for Technical Innovation in Surgery Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Naples Federico Ⅱ School of Medicine

Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is currently accepted as a viable alternative therapy to surgery in sporadic ampullary adenoma and has been reported to have high success and low recurrence rates. At present, the indications for EP are not yet fully established. The accepted criteria for EP include size (up to 5 cm), no evidence of intraductal growth, and no evidence of malignancy on endoscopic findings (ulceration, friability, and spontaneous bleeding). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the imaging modality of choice for local T staging in ampullary neoplasms. Data reported in the literature have revealed that linear EUS is superior to helical computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of tumor size, detection of regional nodal metastases and detection of major vascular invasion. Endoscopic ampullectomy is performed using a standard duodenoscope in a similar manner to snare polypectomy of a mucosal lesion. There is no standardization of the equipment or technique and broad EP methods are described. Endoscopic ampullectomy is considered a ‘‘high-risk’’ procedure due to complications. Complications of endoscopic papillectomy can be classified as early (pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation, and cholangitis) and late (papillary stenosis) complications. The appropriate use of stenting after ampullectomy may prevent post-procedural pancreatitis and papillary stenosis. Tumor recurrence of benign lesions occurs in up to 20% of patients and depends on tumor size, final histology, presence of intraductal tumor, coexisting familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and the expertise of the endoscopist. Recurrent lesions are usually benign and most can be retreated endoscopically.

关键词： Endoscopic papillectomy Papillary neoplasms Major duodenal papilla Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic sphincterotomy

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3D Identification of Face and Flank in Micro-mills for Automatic Measurement of Rake Angle

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2020年第2期3卷 151-163页

作者： Stefano Petro giovanni Moroni Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di MilanoVia Giuseppe la Masa 120156 MilanItaly

In an Industry 4.0 context,to each object a"digital twin"is associated,which is a virtual counterpart of the object *** the case of a tool,this includes,together with its material and manufacturing information,its solid *** geometry knowledge is fundamental to enable effective tool management,manufacturing verification,and tooling *** for tool management the conventional 2D presetting is sufficient,tooling simulation and tool manufacturing verification require a complete 3D *** is particularly true in the case of the microtools:the process of micro-chip formation is still a research *** the 3D geometry of a tool is well established in the ISO 3002 series of standard,only recently 3D measurement of tools has been made possible by new measuring ***,tool geometry verification requires a lot of human *** paper aims at setting the base for the automatic analysis of point meshes scanned on the whole surface of tools,and in particular *** first step for doing this is the identification of the active surfaces of the tool,that is the face and the flank plus the cutting *** identification of these geometric features is in general possible thanks to their specific characteristics:in particular,the cutting edge is characterized by a high curvature,and it separates the face from the *** paper considers cylindrical micro end-mills as a first example of an approach that can be extended to in principle any kind of *** cylindrical helix characterizing the cutting edge is the key geometry to be considered in the development of the specific *** the tool features(face,flank,and cutting edge)have been separated,of the tool angles,for instance,can be *** first angle to study,the rake angle has been *** approach will be validated on simulated data and on real scans of micro-tools.

关键词： Tool metrology 3D measurement Partitioning Tool angles

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