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Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 in Cardiac Ischemia Re-perfusion Injury: Release of Molecular Markers in an <i>in Vitro</i>Setting

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Open Journal of Organ Transplant Surgery 2013年第1期3卷 5-12页

作者： D. Olga McDaniel Xinchun Zhou Debbie A. Rigney Larry S. McDaniel giorgio aru Curtis Tribble Lawrence Creswell Walter H. Merrill Department of Microbiology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson USA Department of Pathology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson USA Department of Surgery University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson USA

Initial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) may have an impact on recipient immune responses after transplantation. Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation associated with organ rejection. We hypothesized that it is either passively released from injured tissues during organ procurement, or actively secreted by allograft infiltrating cells contributing to allograft dysfunction. We investigated the impact of IRI in an in vitro study of human heart tissue during the process of transplantation. The mRNA expression levels for both isoforms of the AIF-1, I2 and I3 were significantly increased after 30 minutes reperfusion (AIF-1 I2: p 0.01 vs. AIF-1 I3: p 0.005). Expression levels for IL-18 and the TLRs were increased after 30 minutes of reperfusion. Only IL-18 and TLR-2 were statistically significant (IL-18: p 0.0001 vs. TLR-2: p 0.01). The mRNA expression levels for AIF-1 I2 and IL-18 were decreased from the original levels of ischemia after 60 and 90 minutes reperfusion. The TLR-2 and -4 were presented with minimal levels of reduction after 60 minutes. However, mRNA expression levels for all were decreased to the original levels of ischemia after 90 minutes, except for AIF-1 I3, but the difference was not statistically significant. AIF-1 and IL-18 were specifically detected in myocytes and interstitial tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain after IRI. TLR-4 was non-specific, and TLR2 was minimally expressed. The study discusses the evidence supporting that the AIF-1 may have therapeutic potential for strategies in the control of innate immune responses early on, after transplantation.

关键词： Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 Cardiac Myocytes Innate Immunity Ischemia/Reperfusion Rejection Toll-Like Receptors

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Sedation and analgesia in children with cerebral palsy:a narrative review

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第5期15卷 432-440页

作者： Ingrid Rabach Francesca Peri Marta Minute Emanuela aru Marianna Lucafò Alberto Di Mascio giorgio Cozzi Egidio Barbi Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS'Burlo Garofolo'Via dell'Istria 65/134100 TriesteItaly University of Trieste TriesteItaly Department of Medicine Surgery and Health SciencesUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly

Background Patients with cognitive impairment due to cerebral palsy experience pain more often than healthy peers and frequently require diagnostic and therapeutic painful *** and procedural sedation outside the operating room are often required,but they may not adequately be provided because of the inability to accurately recognize and classify the state of pain and for the perceived higher risk of *** sources We reviewed the available literature to highlight the specific risk factors and area of criticism,that should be further *** searched the Cochrane Library,Medline,Pubmed from 1987 to September 2018 using key words such as'cerebral palsy and children and pain'or'sedation and cerebral palsy and children'.Results While different pain scales are useful in recognizing pain expressions,anxiety scales are not ***,studies on non-pharmacological techniques do not always have comparable *** risk factors,from anatomic abnormalities to liver and kidney functioning,should be kept in mind before proceeding with *** Large trials are needed to assess the impact of non-pharmacological techniques and to evaluate which pain control strategy(pharmacological and non-pharmacological)should be used in different settings.

关键词： Analgesia Cerebral palsy Intellectual disability Pain Procedural sedation

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