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Is there a standardized practice for the development of international ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease treatment guidelines?

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第5期9卷 408-417,I0001,I0002页

作者： Alexander Goldowsky Rohan Sen gila hoffman Joseph D Feuerstein Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA

Background Guidelines are published by international gastroenterology societies regarding the management of ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)to help clinicians to provide high-quality patient *** examined the guidelines for the quality and strength of evidence used to develop the recommendations,methods for grading evidence,differences in disease-specific recommendations,conflicts of interest,and plans for guideline *** A systematic search was performed on PubMed using“ulcerative colitis,”“Crohn’s disease,”and“guidelines”in April *** gastroenterology society websites were searched for UC-and CD-specific *** from 12 societies were examined by two ***-squared tests were used for comparing evidence-level grades,strength of recommendations,and reported conflicts of ***-regression modeling was used to evaluate the relationship between the number of authors and the number of recommendations in a given *** Of 28 guidelines reviewed,25(89%)used a total of three different systems to grade the level of evidence and 2(7%)used an unknown ***(11%)reviewed guidelines did not provide a conflict-of-interest statement,while three(11%)provided a timeline for guideline *** 1,265 total statements examined,246(19%)reported no grade of evidence quality or explicitly stated that the recommendation was based on“expert opinion.”One hundred and thirty-five(22%)UC recommendations were noted to be“weak/conditional”and 95(16%)did not have a recommendation *** hundred and forty-two(37%)CD recommendations were noted to be“weak/conditional”and 151(23%)did not have a recommendation *** The majority of UC and CD guidelines are based on a low/very low quality of evidence and are further weakened due to the lack of homogeneity in specific aspects of management recommendations as well as conflicts of interest.

关键词： Crohn’s disease ulcerative colitis inflammatory bowel disease guidelines conflicts of interest

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Where are You Going,Philosophy, and What are Your Methods?

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学术界 2020年第12期 185-196页

作者： gila Sher University of California San Diego

The viability of philosophy as a genuine field of knowledge has been challenged time and *** have challenged“traditional”philosophy,or what was considered“traditional philosophy”at a given time;others have challenged philosophy in *** there has been considerable progress in philosophical methodology in the 20th-and *** this paper I raise challenges to some of the current misconceptions of analytic philosophy,and I propose constructive methodological solutions.

关键词： viability of philosophy fundementalism Quinean holism foundational holism intellect

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Selective Cytotoxic Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on Glioma Cells

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Nano Research 2009年第11期2卷 882-890页

作者： Stella Ostrovsky gila Kazimirsky Aharon Gedanken Chaya Brodie Department of Chemistry and Kanbar Laboratory for Nanomaterials at the Bar-Ilan University Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 52900Israel The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 52900Israel

In this study we examined the cytotoxic effect of ZnO nanoparticles on various human cancer and normal *** found that the ZnO nanoparticles exerted a cytotoxic effect on the human glioma cell lines A172,U87,LNZ308,LN18,and LN229,whereas no cytotoxic effect was observed on normal human ***,the ZnO nanoparticles induced cell death in breast and prostate cancer cell lines while no major effect was observed in the respective normal breast and prostate cell *** the fl uorescent dye 2,7-dichlorofl uorescein diacetate,we found that treatment of the glioma cells with ZnO nanoparticles induced a large increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and treatment of the cells with N-acetyl cysteine decreased the cytotoxic effect of the ZnO *** contrast,a smaller effect on ROS generation was observed in the normal *** results suggest that ZnO nanoparticles may be employed as a selective cytotoxic agent for the eradication of cancer cells.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles sonochemistry cancer cells

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A regional GNSS-VTEC model over Nigeria using neural networks： A novel approach

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2016年第1期7卷 19-31页

作者： Daniel Okoh Oluwafisavo Owolabi Christovher Ekechukwu Olanike Folarin gila Arhiwo Joseph Agbo Segun Bolaji Babatunde Rabiu NASRDA Center for Atmospheric Research Kogi State University Anyigba Campus Nigeria Ionospheric & Space Physics Laboratory Department of Physics University of Lagos Nigeria Department of Physics University of Calabar Nigeria Department of Physics Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria Department of Surveying & Geo-informatics Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

A neural network model of the Global Navigation Satellite System - vertical total electron content （GNSS-VTEC） over Nigeria is developed. A new approach that has been utilized in this work is the consideration of the International Reference Ionosphere＇s （IRI＇s） critical plasma frequency （foF2） parameter as an additional neuron for the network＇s input layer. The work also explores the effects of using various other input layer neurons like distur- bance storm time （DST） and sunspot number. All available GNSS data from the Nigerian Permanent GNSS Network （NIGNET） were used, and these cover the period from 2011 to 2015, for 14 stations. Asides increasing the learning accuracy of the networks, the inclusion of the IRI＇s foF2 parameter as an input neuron is ideal for making the networks to learn long-term solar cycle variations. This is important especially for regions, like in this work, where the GNSS data is available for less than the period of a solar cycle. The neural network model developed in this work has been tested for time-varying and spatial per- formances. The latest 10% of the GNSS observations from each of the stations were used to test the forecasting ability of the networks, while data from 2 of the stations were entirely used for spatial performance testing. The results show that root-mean-squared-errors were generally less than 8.5 TEC units for all modes of testing performed using the optimal network. When compared to other models, the model developed in this work was observed to reduce the prediction errors to about half those of the NeQuick and the IRI model.

关键词： Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) ionosphereTotal electron content (TEC)Nigerian permanent GNSS network(NIGNET)Neural networkInternational reference ionosphere(IRI)

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Cytological Features of the Normal Ear Canal of Wild Jackals (<i>Canis aureus</i>) and Domesticated Dogs (<i>C. domesticus</i>)

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 84-87页

作者： gila Zur Roni King Tali Bdolah-Abram Nature and Parks Authority Jerusalem Israel Veterinary Teaching Hospital Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel

This is the first reported study in which various cytological and microbial components of the ear canal of wild jackals (Canis aureus) were examined and compared with those of domesticated dogs (C. domesticus). It is proposed that the differences between them might be attributable to domestication. The normal cytology of the jackals' ears includes cerumen, keratinous debris, coccoid bacteria and yeast-like organisms similar to domesticated dogs, but the frequencies of these findings differed significantly between the two species. In the jackals the incidences of ceruminous debris and yeasts were significantly lower (p p = 0.004 respectively), while keratinous debris and coccoid bacteria were significantly higher (p < 0.001). During domestication some changes have probably occurred in the dogs' lifestyle that predisposed them to the growth of yeasts in their ears but less to bacterial growth. It is possible that the higher numbers of bacteria might be a result of environmental contamination, because some of the jackals lived near urban centers and feed on garbage.

关键词： Canine Golden Jackal Otitis Externa Cocci Yeast

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爱在九阳冬日赏美味

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中外食品工业（贝太厨房） 2010年第12期 60-61页

作者： gila

冬养藏，大家都懂的道理，实践的人却不多，原因大约是耗时费力，很难坚持。一套好用的厨房小家电，让你的冬日养生变得简单又便捷。

关键词：美味厨房小家电养生

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“浆”爱分享

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中外食品工业（贝太厨房） 2009年第12期 64-65页

作者： gila

豆浆，营养丰富，还可以添加其他营养食材，变化出不同的个性口味和营养配方。在我们被各种可疑的食品添加剂夹击的现在，一杯自制豆浆，绿色又营养，让全家的早餐健康无忧。

关键词：营养丰富食品添加剂营养配方豆浆口味早餐

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创意2010中国（上海）国际时尚家居用品展览会

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中外食品工业（贝太厨房） 2010年第12期 125-127页

作者： gila

这是一场国内家居行业发展不容错过的年度盛会，作为中国（上海）国际时尚家居用品展览会唯一的厨艺及生活类媒体合作伙伴——《贝太厨房》全程追踪，将精彩瞬间逐一呈现。

关键词：家居用品展览会时尚国际上海中国创意《贝太厨房》

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营养为“王”

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中外食品工业（贝太厨房） 2010年第5期 62-63页

作者： gila

圆润的机身线条，散发出莹润的珍珠光泽，让人一见倾心。全营养、多功能、轻松洗，革命性全智能营养技术造就的九阳营养王豆浆机，秀外慧中，智美双全，喝豆浆变得鲜活、优雅起来。

关键词：营养技术豆浆机多功能革命性松

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Hepatitis C virus NS5A region mutation in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients who are non-responders to two or more treatments and its relationship with response to a new treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第25期23卷 4538-4547页

作者： Paloma Munoz de Rueda José Manuel Fuentes RodríguezRosa Quiles Pérez Ana gila Medina Ana Belén Martínálvarez Jorge Casado Ruíz ángeles Ruíz Extremera Javier Salmerón Research Support Unit San Cecilio University Hospital of Granada Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria CIBERehd Instituto de Salud Carlos III Unit for Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases San Cecilio University Hospital of Granada Granada University

To determine the number of mutations in the NS5A region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its relationship to the response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 who are non-responders to two or more treatments. METHODSSequences within HCV NS5A [PKR binding domain (PKRBD) and the interferon-sensitivity-determining region (ISDR)] were analysed via direct sequencing in a selected cohort of 72 patients, with a total of 201 treatments [interferon-alpha (IFN-α), n = 49; IFN-α + ribavirin (RBV), n = 75; pegylated (peg) IFN-α + RBV, n = 47; first-generation direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), n = 13; and second-generation DAAs, n = 17]. Of these, 48/201 achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) and 153/201 achieved no virological response (NVR). RESULTSFor both regions, treatments resulting in SVR were associated with more baseline mutations than were treatments resulting in NVR (SVR vs NVR; PKRBD: 5.82 ± 3 vs 4.86 ± 2 mutations, P = 0.045; ISDR: 2.65 ± 2 vs 1.51 ± 1.7 mutations, P = 0.005). A decrease or no change in the number of mutations over time between treatments in the PKRBD or ISDR, as shown by sequencing, was associated with patients who usually failed to respond to treatment (PKRBD, P = 0.02; ISDR, P = 0.001). Moreover, patients showing a post-treatment baseline viral load > 600000 IU/mL and increased ISDR mutations with respect to the previous treatment were 9.21 times more likely to achieve SVR (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONThe obtained results show that among patients who have shown no response to two or more antiviral treatments, the likelihood of achieving SVR increases with the genetic variability in the ISDR region (≥ 2 mutations or number of substitutions from the HCV-J and HCV-1 prototype), especially when the viral load is greater than 600000 IU/mL.

关键词： Interferon-based therapy Interferon-free therapy Chronic hepatitis C NS5A region Sustained virological response Number of mutations

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