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Use of incipient motion data for backward erosion piping models

International journal of Sediment Research 2019年第5期34卷 401-408页

作者： Vera m.van Beek Bryant A.Robbins gijs j.c.m.hoffmans Adam Bezuijen Leo c.van Rijn Deltares U.S.Army Engineer Research and Development center Ghent University Leovanrijn-Sediment-consultancy

Backward erosion piping involves the gradual removal of granular material under the action of water flow from the foundation of a dam or levee, whereby shallow pipes are formed that grow in the direction opposite to the flow. This pipe-forming process can ultimately lead to failure of a water-retaining structure and is considered one of the most important failure mechanisms for dikes and levees in the Netherlands and the United States. modeling of this mechanism requires the assessment of hydraulic conditions in the pipe, which are controlled by the particle equilibrium at the pipe wall. Since the pipe’s dimensions are controlled by the inflow to the pipe from the porous medium, the flow through the pipe is thought to be laminar for fine-to medium-grained sands. The literature provides data for incipient motion in laminar flow, which is reviewed here and complemented with data from backward erosion experiments. The experiments illustrate the applicability of the laminar incipient motion data to determine the erosion pipe dimensions and corresponding pipe hydraulics for fine-to medium-grained sands, for the purpose of backward erosion piping modeling.

关键词： Internal erosion Backward erosion piping cylindrical test Incipient motion Dikes Levees

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Influence of oil viscosity on oil-water core-annular flow through a horizontal pipe

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Petroleum 2019年第2期5卷 199-205页

作者： Erik van Duin Ruud Henkes gijs Ooms m.burgerscentrum delft university of technologyfaculty of mechanicalmaritimeand materials engineering(3me)laboratory for aero-&hydrodynamicsmekelweg 22628 sc delftthe netherlands shell projects and technology po box 380001030 bn amsterdamthe netherlands

An experimental study has been made of oil-water core-annular flow in a horizontal pipe with special attention for the influence of the oil viscosity on the pressure *** that purpose a heating system has been installed and configured that is able to control the oil temperature,such that the oil viscosity could be varied between 3000 cSt at 20c and 400 cSt at 50*** oil flow rate was kept at a constant value of 0.35 l/s,whereas the watercut was varied between 9%and 25%.The measured pressure drop is scaled with the calculated pressure drop of only oil flowing at the same flow rate and *** main conclusion is that for a large oil viscosity the scaled pressure drop is almost independent of the watercut,whereas with decreasing viscosity the scaled pressure drop becomes strongly dependent on the *** of the oil-water interface shows a more irregular wave shape with smaller wave lengths when the viscosity is *** is very good agreement between the predictions of the model of Ullmann&Brauner for the scaled pressure drop and the measurements.

关键词： viscosity flow annular

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Predicting the outcome of closed-loop small bowel obstruction by preoperative characteristics

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第6期14卷 556-566页

作者： masja K Toneman Bente m de Kok Frank m Zijta Stanley Oei gijs j D van Acker marinke Westerterp Anne E m van der Pool Department of Surgery Haaglanden Medical CentreThe Hague 2512 VANetherlands Department of Radiology Haaglanden Medical CentreThe Hague 2512 VANetherlands

BAcKGROUND closed-loop small bowel obstruction(cL-SBO)can threaten the viability of the intestine by obstructing a bowel segment at two adjacent *** recognition and surgery are *** To analyze the outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for cL-SBO and to evaluate clinical *** Patients who underwent surgery for suspected cL-BSO on computed tomography(cT)at a single center between 2013 and 2019 were evaluated *** were divided into three groups by perioperative outcome,including viable bowel,reversible ischemia,and irreversible *** and laboratorial variables at presentation were compared and postoperative outcomes were *** Of 148 patients with cL-SBO,28(19%)had a perioperative viable small bowel,86(58%)had reversible ischemia,and 34(23%)had irreversible *** with a higher age had higher risk for perioperative irreversible ischemia[odds ratio(OR):1.03,95%confidence interval(cI):0.99-1.06].Patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists(ASA)classification≥3 had higher risk of perioperative irreversible ischemia compared to lower ASA classifications(OR:3.76,95%cI:1.31-10.81).Eighty-six patients(58%)did not have elevated c-reactive protein(>10 mg/L),and between-group differences were *** in-hospital stay was significantly longer for patients with irreversible ischemia(median 8 d,P=0.001)than for those with reversible ischemia(median 6 d)or a viable bowel(median 5 d).Postoperative morbidity was significantly higher in patients with perioperative irreversible ischemia(45%,P=0.043)compared with reversible ischemia(20%)and viable bowel(4%).cONcLUSION Older patients or those with higher ASA classification had an increased risk of irreversible ischemia in case of *** irreversible ischemia,postoperative morbidity was increased.

关键词： General surgery Laparoscopy Laparotomy critical care Intestinal obstruction morbidity

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microfluidics-enabled phenotyping of a whole population of *** worms over their embryonic and post-embryonic development at single-organism resolution

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 345-355页

作者： maria cristina Letizia matteo cornaglia Raphaël Trouillon Vincenzo Sorrentino Laurent mouchiroud maroun S.Bou Sleiman johan Auwerx martin A.m.gijs Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Laboratory of MicrosystemsLausanneSwitzerland Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Laboratory of Integrative Systems PhysiologyLausanneSwitzerland

The organism caenorhabditis elegans is a performant model system for studying human biological processes and diseases,but until now all phenome data are produced as population-averaged *** of individual responses to drug treatments would however be more ***,a new strategy to track different phenotypic traits of individual *** nematodes throughout their full life-cycle-i.e.,embryonic and post-embryonic development,until adulthood onset,differently from life-span-is *** an automated fashion,single worms were synchronized,isolated,and cultured from egg to adulthood in a microfluidic device,where their identity was preserved during their whole *** phenotypes were monitored and quantified for each animal,resulting in high-content phenome ***,the method was validated by analyzing the response of *** to doxycycline,an antibiotic fairly well-known to prolong the development and activate mitochondrial stress-response pathways in different ***,the obtained extensive single-worm phenome not only confirmed the dramatic doxycycline effect on the worm developmental delay,but more importantly revealed subtle yet severe treatment-dependent phenotypes that are representative of minority subgroups and would have otherwise stayed hidden in an averaged *** heterogeneous response started during the embryonic development,which makes essential having a dedicated chip that allows including this early developmental stage in the drug *** approach would therefore allow elucidating pharmaceutical or therapeutic responses that so far were still being overlooked.

关键词： fluid treatment otherwise

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Fatty acid desaturation by stearoyl-coA desaturase-1 controls regulatory T cell differentiation and autoimmunity

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cellular & molecular Immunology 2023年第6期20卷 666-679页

作者： Elien Grajchen melanie Loix Paulien Baeten Beatriz F.côrte-Real Ibrahim Hamad Sam Vanherle mansour Haidar jonas Dehairs jelle Y.Broos james m.Ntambi Robert Zimmermann Rolf Breinbauer Piet Stinissen Niels Hellings Sanne G.S.Verberk gijs Kooij martin Giera johannes V.Swinnen Bieke Broux markus Kleinewietfeld jerome j.A.Hendriks jeroen F.j.Bogie Department of Immunology and Infection Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium University mS center Hasselt PeltBelgium Neuro-Immune connections and Repair Lab Department of Immunology and InfectionBiomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium Department of Oncology Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and CancerLKI–Leuven Cancer InstituteKU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Department of molecular cell Biology and Immunology Amsterdam University Medical CenterVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceMS Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands center for Proteomics and metabolomics Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Biochemistry Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUSA Institute of molecular Biosciences University of GrazGrazAustria BioTechmed-Graz GrazAustria Institute of Organic chemistry Graz University of TechnologyGrazAustria cardiovascular Research Institute maastricht Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands

The imbalance between pathogenic and protective T cell subsets is a cardinal feature of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis(mS).Emerging evidence indicates that endogenous and dietary-induced changes in fatty acid metabolism have a major impact on both T cell fate and *** date,however,the molecular mechanisms that underlie the impact of fatty acid metabolism on T cell physiology and autoimmunity remain poorly ***,we report that stearoyl-coA desaturase-1(ScD1),an enzyme essential for the desaturation of fatty acids and highly regulated by dietary factors,acts as an endogenous brake on regulatory T-cell(Treg)differentiation and augments autoimmunity in an animal model of mS in a T cell-dependent *** by RNA sequencing and lipidomics analysis,we found that the absence of Scd1 in T cells promotes the hydrolysis of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine through adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL).ATGL-dependent release of docosahexaenoic acid enhanced Treg differentiation by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor *** findings identify fatty acid desaturation by ScD1 as an essential determinant of Treg differentiation and autoimmunity,with potentially broad implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and dietary interventions for autoimmune disorders such as mS.

关键词： Regulatory T cells Autoimmunity Fatty acid metabolism Stearoyl-coA desaturase-1 multiple sclerosis

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