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Laser-optimized Pt-Y alloy nanoparticles embedded in Pt-Y oxide matrix for high stability and ORR electrocatalytic activity

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 508-520页

作者： Riccardo Brandiele Andrea Guadagnini Mattia Parnigotto Federico Pini Vito Coviello Denis Badocco Paolo Pastore gian Andrea Rizzi Andrea Vittadini Daniel Forrer Vincenzo Amendola Christian Durante Department of Chemical Sciences University of PaduaVia Marzolo 135131 PadovaItaly Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia ICMATE-CNR via Marzolo 1 I-35131 PadovaItaly

The development of active yet stable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is still a major issue for the extensive permeation of fuel cells into everyday technology.While nanostructured Pt catalysts are to date the best available systems in terms of activity,the same is not true for stability,particularly under operating conditions.In this work,Pt_(Х)Y alloy nanoparticles are proposed as active and durable electrocatalysts for ORR.Pt_(Х)Y nanoalloys are synthesized and further optimized by laser ablation in liquid followed by laser fragmentation in liquid.The novel integrated laser-assisted methodology succeeded in producing Pt_(Х)Y nanoparticles with the ideal size(1000 A g^(-1).At the same time,the nanoalloys are embedded in a fine Pt oxide matrix,which allows a greater stability of the catalyst than the commercial Pt reference,as directly verified on a gas diffusion electrode.

关键词： Electrocatalysis GDE ORR Pt_(2)Y Pt_(3)Y LAL LFL Oxide support Pto Nanoalloys

Nutrient restriction-activated Fra-2 promotes tumor progression via IGF1R in miR-15a downmodulated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1132-1146页

作者： gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra Marina Capece Luca Reggiani Bonetti Giovanni Nigita Federica Calore Sydney Rentsch Paolo Magistri Roberto Ballarin Fabrizio Di Benedetto Rosario Distefano Roberto Cirombella Andrea Vecchione Barbara Belletti Gustavo Baldassarre Francesca Lovat Carlo M.Croce Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbus 43210 OHUSA Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySant’Andrea HospitalUniversity of Rome“Sapienza”Rome 00189Italy Department of Diagnostic Clinic and Public Health MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41100Italy Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41100Italy Division of Molecular Oncology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano(CRO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)National Cancer InstituteAviano 33081Italy

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a lethal disease,characterized by an intense desmoplastic reaction that compresses blood vessels and limits nutrient supplies.PDAC aggressiveness largely relies on its extraordinary capability to thrive and progress in a challenging tumor microenvironment.Dysregulation of the onco-suppressor miR-15a has been extensively documented in PDAC.Here,we identified the transcription factor Fos-related antigen-2(Fra-2)as a miR-15a target mediating the adaptive mechanism of PDAC to nutrient deprivation.We report that the IGF1 signaling pathway was enhanced in nutrient deprived PDAC cells and that Fra-2 and IGF1R were significantly overexpressed in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC patients.Mechanistically,we discovered that miR-15a repressed IGF1R expression via Fra-2 targeting.In miR-15a-low context,IGF1R hyperactivated mTOR,modulated the autophagic flux and sustained PDAC growth in nutrient deprivation.In a genetic mouse model,Mir15aKO PDAC showed Fra-2 and Igf1r upregulation and mTOR activation in response to diet restriction.Consistently,nutrient restriction improved the efficacy of IGF1R inhibition in a Fra-2 dependent manner.Overall,our results point to a crucial role of Fra-2 in the cellular stress response due to nutrient restriction typical of pancreatic cancer and support IGF1R as a promising and vulnerable target in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC.

关键词： IGF1R Fra miR

Antioxidant treatment foroligoasthenoteratozoospermia and varicocele:aDBPC trial to evaluate the impact of age and bodymass index

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 239-244页

作者： gian Maria Busetto Bernarde F Rodrigues Ashraf Virmani Andrea Checchia Antonella Ninivaggi Anna Ricapito Giovanni Barbieri Piero Fischetti Ugo G Falagario Pasquale Annese Nicola d’Altilia Vito Mancini Matteo Ferro Felice Crocetto Angelo Porreca Carlo Bettocchi Luigi Cormio Ashok Agarwal Giuseppe Carrieri University of Foggia Foggia 71122Italy Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation Policlinico of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy Department of Urology HumanReproduction SectionFederal University of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05403-000Brazil Alfasigma Healthscience Utrecht 3528 BGThe Netherlands Urology Unit “G.Tatarella”HospitalCerignola 71042Italy Urology Unit European Institute of Oncology(IEO)IRCCSMilan 20142Italy University of Naples Federico II Naples80126Italy Department of Oncological Urology Veneto Institute of Oncology(IOV)IRCCSPadua 35039Italy Urology Unit “L.Bonomo”HospitalAndria 70031Italy Global Andrology Forum Moreland HillsOH 44022USA

Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms responsible for male infertility.Various conditions such as varicocele,obesity,advanced age,and lifestyle can lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species,causing an oxidative imbalance in the reproductiveenvironment.Spermatozoa are sensitive to reactive oxygen species and require energy to carry out their main function of fertilizingthe egg.Excessive reactive oxygen species can affect sperm metabolism,leading to immobility,impaired acrosome reaction,and celldeath,thereby impairing reproductive success.This double-blind randomized study evaluated the effect of supplementation withL-carnitine,acetyl-L-carnitine,vitamins,and other nutrients on semen quality in 104 infertile patients with or without varicocele,while also investigating the impact of factors such as obesity and advanced age on treatment.Sperm concentration significantlyincreased in the supplemented group compared to the placebo group(P=0.0186).Total sperm count also significantly increasedin the supplemented group(P=0.0117),as did sperm motility(P=0.0120).The treatment had a positive effect on patients upto 35 years of age in terms of sperm concentration(P=0.0352),while a body mass index(BMI)above 25 kg m−2 had a negativeeffect on sperm concentration(P=0.0110).Results were not showing a net benefit in stratifying patients in accordance withtheir BMI since sperm quality increase was not affected by this parameter.In conclusion,antioxidant supplementation may bebeneficial for infertile patients and has a more positive effect on younger patients with a normal weight.

关键词： aging antioxidants body mass index oligoasthenoteratozoospermia varicocele

Minimally invasive surgical therapies(MISTs)for lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS):promise or panacea?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 135-143页

作者： gian Maria Busetto Andrea Checchia Marco Recchia Edoardo Tocci Ugo G Falagario Gennaro Annunziata Pasquale Annese Nicola d'Altilia Vito Mancini Matteo Ferro Felice Crocetto Octavian Sabin Tataru Luca Di gianfrancesco Angelo Porreca Francesco Del Giudice Ettore De Berardinis Carlo Bettocchi Luigi Cormio Giuseppe Carrieri University of Foggia Foggia 71122Italy Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation Policlinico of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy Urology Unit "G.Tatarlla"HospitalCerignola 71042Italy Urology Unit European Institute of Oncology(IE0)IRCcSMilan 20141Italy University of Naples Federico Il Naples 80126Italy G.E.Palade University of Medicine PharmacyScienceand Technology of Targu MuresTargu Mures 540142Romania Department of Oncological Urology Veneto Institute of Oncology(IOv)IRccSPadua 35128Italy Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences Sapienza Rome UniversityRoma 00161Italy Urology Unit "L.Bonomo"HospitalAndria 76123Italy

The increasing importance of treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS),while avoiding side effects and maintaining sexual function,has allowed for the development of minimally invasive surgical therapies(MiSTs).Recently,the European Association of Urology guidelines reported a paradigm shift from the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)to the management of nonneurogenic male LUTS.The aim of the present review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the most commonly used MisTs:ablative techniques such as aquablation,prostatic artery embolization,water vapor energy,and transperineal prostate laser ablation,and nonablative techniques such as prostatic urethral lift and temporarily implanted nitinol device(iTIND).MiSTs are becoming a new promise,even if clinical trials with longer follow-up are still lacking.Most of them are still under investigation and,to date,only a few options have been given as a recommendation for use.They cannot be considered as standard of care and are not suitable for all patients.Advantages and disadvantages should be underlined,without forgetting our objective:treatment of LUTS and re-treatment avoidance.

关键词： aquablation iTIND prostatic artery embolization prostatic urethral lift transperineal prostate laser ablation water vapor energy

Venopulmonary ECMO Improved Hypoxemia and Supported the Right Ventricle in a Patient with Decompensated Eisenmenger Syndrome

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第1期14卷 7-19页

作者： Daniel Manzur-Sandoval gian Manuel Jiménez-Rodríguez Edgar García-Cruz Ramón Espinosa-Soto Erika Yamali Ramirez-Marcano Yessenia Máyory Téllez-López José Luis Elizalde-Silva Gustavo Rojas-Velasco Cardiovascular Critical Care Unit Ignacio Ch&#225vez National Institute of Cardiology Mexico City Mexico Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit Ignacio Ch&#225vez National Institute of Cardiology Mexico City Mexico Cardiology Department Ignacio Ch&#225vez National Institute of Cardiology Mexico City Mexico

Mechanical circulatory and/or respiratory assistance with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become a standard of care for patients with circulatory (venoarterial) and/or respiratory (venovenous) failure refractory to standard therapies. Adult patients with congenital heart disease are an increasingly recognized and growing population and include various groups, such as undiagnosed cases in childhood and palliated and/or corrected cases, which require subsequent care because of residual lesions, cardiac arrest/insufficiency, and arrhythmias, among other conditions. In addition, these patients are prone to developing pathologies that are typical of adulthood with a generally increased risk of morbidity and mortality because of their low reserves and organic damage associated with the underlying heart disease, which makes them candidates for ECMO. These patients represent an additional challenge in this therapy because malformations and the presence of a shunt can generally affect the usual cannulation methods and hemodynamic and oximetry monitoring. Thus, the configuration decision must be made on a case-by-case basis. Here, we present a cannulation method, venopulmonary artery ECMO, which provides hemodynamic and respiratory support, and may be ideal for patients with shunts and/or right ventricular dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this configuration in patients with congenital heart diseases.

关键词： Eisenmenger Syndrome Venopulmonary Artery ECMO Refractory Hypoxemia Right Ventricular Dysfunction

A new approach to the design of surface subsystems of polymeric insulators for HV and MV apparatus under AC voltage

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High Voltage 2023年第4期8卷 651-658页

作者： gian Carlo Montanari Debasish Nath Pasquale Cambareri Center for Advanced Power Systems Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e BioingegneriaPolitecnico di MilanoMilanoItaly

The design of high voltage and medium voltage AC and DC standoff insulators,and,in general,of insulation systems where surface and interface properties are predominant factors,is based on specifications and standards that rely upon long-term experiences and lab testing.Surface insulating properties depend on electrical and thermal stresses,besides environmental factors,and the inception of extrinsic ageing phenomena,such as partial discharges,can be already a cause of reduced reliability and premature failure(for organic insulating materials).An innovative approach,based on field simulation,discharge modelling,and partial discharge inception measurements is presented by the authors,which can establish a solid basis to optimise insulation design for any type of supply voltage waveform.This method,the three-leg approach,is applied here to a cable system under AC sinusoidal voltage,but it can work for any type of insulation system,such as bushings,switch gears,transformers,rotating machines,and power electronics boards.

关键词： insulation approach insulator

Is Takotsubo cardiomyopathy still looking for its own nosological identity?

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第10期14卷 557-560页

作者： Riccardo Scagliola gian Marco Rosa Cardiovascular Disease Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoa 16132Italy

Despite several efforts to provide a proper nosological framework for Takotsubo cardiomyopathy(TCM),this remains an unresolved matter in clinical practice.Several clinical,pathophysiologic and histologic findings support the conceivable hypothesis that TCM could be defined as a unique pathologic entity,rather than a distinct subset of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries.Further investigations are needed in order to define TCM with the most appropriate disease taxonomy.

关键词： Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries Disease classification

Surveillance strategies following curative resection and nonoperative approach of rectal cancer:How and how long?Review of current recommendations

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第2期15卷 177-192页

作者： Andrea Lauretta Giulia Montori gian Piero Guerrini Department of Surgical Oncology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano IRCCSAviano 33081Italy Department of General Surgery Vittorio Veneto HospitalULSS 2 Marca TrevigianaVittorio Veneto 31029Italy Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Oncology and Liver Transplantation Unit Policlinico-AUO ModenaModena 41124Italy

Different follow-up strategies are available for patients with rectal cancer following curative treatment.A combination of biochemical testing and imaging investigation,associated with physical examination are commonly used.However,there is currently no consensus about the types of tests to perform,the timing of the testing,and even the need for follow-up at all has been questioned.The aim of this study was to review the evidence of the impact of different followup tests and programs in patients with non-metastatic disease after definitive treatment of the primary.A literature review was performed of studies published on MEDLINE,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to November 2022.Current published guidelines from the most authoritative specialty societies were also reviewed.According to the follow-up strategies available,the office visit is not efficient but represents the only way to maintain direct contact with the patient and is recommended by all authoritative specialty societies.In colorectal cancer surveillance,carcinoembryonic antigen represents the only established tumor marker.Abdominal and chest computed tomography scan is recommended considering that the liver and lungs are the most common sites of recurrence.Since local relapse in rectal cancer is higher than in colon cancer,endoscopic surveillance is mandatory.Different follow-up regimens have been published but randomized comparisons and meta-analyses do not allow to determine whether intensive or less intensive follow-up had any significant influence on survival and recurrence detection rate.The available data do not allow the drawing of final conclusions on the ideal surveillance methods and the frequency with which they should be applied.It is very useful and urgent for clinicians to identify a cost-effective strategy that allows early identification of recurrence with a special focus for highrisk patients and patients undergoing a“watch and wait”approach.

关键词： Rectal cancer Follow-up Surveillance Recurrence Carcinoembryonic antigen Computed tomography

Mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases:role in disease pathogenesis,strategies for analysis and therapeutic prospects

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 754-758页

作者： Federica Rey Sara Ottolenghi gian Vincenzo Zuccotti Michele Samaja Stephana Carelli Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences“L.Sacco” University of MilanMilanoItaly Paediatric Clinical Research Centre Fondazione“Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi” University of MilanoMilanoItaly Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Health SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanoItaly Department of Paediatrics Children’s Hospital“V.Buzzi”MilanoItaly

Fundamental organelles that occur in every cell type with the exception of mammal erythrocytes,the mitochondria are required for multiple pivotal processes that include the production of biological energy,the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species,the control of calcium homeostasis,and the triggering of cell death.The disruption of anyone of these processes has been shown to impact strongly the function of all cells,but especially of neurons.In this review,we discuss the role of the mitochondria impairment in the development of the neurodegenerative diseases Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.We highlight how mitochondria disruption revolves around the processes that underlie the mitochondria's life cycle:fusion,fission,production of reactive oxygen species and energy failure.Both genetic and sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases are unavoidably accompanied with and often caused by the dysfunction in one or more of the key mitochondrial processes.Therefore,in order to get in depth insights into their health status in neurodegenerative diseases,we need to focus into innovative strategies aimed at characterizing the various mitochondrial processes.Current techniques include Mitostress,Mitotracker,transmission electron microscopy,oxidative stress assays along with expression measurement of the proteins that maintain the mitochondrial health.We will also discuss a panel of approaches aimed at mitigating the mitochondrial dysfunction.These include canonical drugs,natural compounds,supplements,lifestyle interventions and innovative approaches as mitochondria transplantation and gene therapy.In conclusion,because mitochondria are fundamental organelles necessary for virtually all the cell functions and are severely impaired in neurodegenerative diseases,it is critical to develop novel methods to measure the mitochondrial state,and novel therapeutic strategies aimed at improving their health.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mitochondria mitochondria modulation mitochondrial dysfunction mitochondrial health Mitostress Mitotracker neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease