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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第5期9卷 270-277页

作者： Zeeshan Ahmad Wani Sonmoon Mohapatra Afaq Ahmad Khan Ashutosh Mohapatra ghulam nabi yatoo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences Department of Internal Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Saint Peters University Hospital Department of Hematology and Oncology JLNM hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology AMRI Hospitals Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences

AIMTo determine whether addition of simvastatin could be an important pharmacological rescue therapy for carvedilol non-responders. METHODSOne hundred and two consecutive patients of cirrhosis of liver with significant portal hypertension were included. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) was measured at the base line and after proper optimization of dose; chronic response was assessed at 3 mo. Carvedilol non-responders were given simvastatin 20 mg per day (increased to 40 mg per day at day 15). Carvedilol plus simvastatin was continued for 1 mo and hemodynamic response was again measured at 1 mo. RESULTSA total of 102 patients with mean age of 58.3 ± 6.6 years were included. Mean baseline HVPG was 16.75 ± 2.12 mmHg and after optimization of dose and reassessment of HVPG at 3 mo, mean reduction of HVPG from baseline was 5.5 ± 1.7 mmHg and 2.8 ± 1.6 mmHg among responders and non-responders respectively (P CONCLUSIONAddition of simvastatin to carvedilol non-responders may prove to be an excellent rescue therapy in patients with portal hypertension.

关键词： Simvastatin Cirrhosis Carvedilol Liver cirrhosis Portal hypertension Hepatocellular carcinoma

Defect Prediction Using Akaike and Bayesian Information Criterion

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第6期41卷 1117-1127页

作者： Saleh Albahli ghulam nabi Ahmad Hassan Yar Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Air UniversityIslamabadPakistan

Data available in software engineering for many applications contains variability and it is not possible to say which variable helps in the process of the *** of the work present in software defect prediction is focused on the selection of best prediction *** this purpose,deep learning and ensemble models have shown promising *** contrast,there are very few researches that deals with cleaning the training data and selection of best parameter values from the *** data available for training the models have high variability and this variability may cause a decrease in model *** deal with this problem we used the Akaike information criterion(AIC)and the Bayesian information criterion(BIC)for selection of the best variables to train the model.A simple ANN model with one input,one output and two hidden layers was used for the training instead of a very deep and complex *** and BIC values are calculated and combination for minimum AIC and BIC values to be selected for the best *** first,variables were narrowed down to a smaller number using correlation *** subsets for all the possible variable combinations were *** the end,an artificial neural network(ANN)model was trained for each subset and the best model was selected on the basis of the smallest AIC and BIC *** was found that combination of only two variables’ns and entropy are best for software defect prediction as it gives minimum AIC and BIC ***,nm and npt is the worst combination and gives maximum AIC and BIC values.

关键词： Software defect prediction machine learning AIC BIC model selection cross-project defect prediction

Snowmelt runoff prediction under changing climate in the Himalayan cryosphere: A case of Gilgit River Basin

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 941-949页

作者： Muhammad Adnan ghulam nabi Muhammad Saleem Poomee Arshad Ashraf Climate Change Alternate Energy and Water Resources Institute (CAEWRI) National Agricultural Research Center Park Road Chakshahzad Islamabad Pakistan Center of Excellence in Water Resources (CEWR) Lahore Pakistan

There are serious concerns of rise in temperatures over snowy and glacierized Himalayan region that may eventually affect future river flows of Indus river system. It is therefore necessary to predict snow and glacier melt runoff to manage future water resource of Upper Indus Basin(UIB). The snowmelt runoff model(SRM) coupled with MODIS remote sensing data was employed in this study to predict daily discharges of Gilgit River in the Karakoram Range. The SRM was calibrated successfully and then simulation was made over four years i.e. 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 achieving coefficient of model efficiency of 0.96, 0.86, 0.9 and 0.94 respectively. The scenarios of precipitation and mean temperature developed from regional climate model PRECIS were used in SRM model to predict future flows of Gilgit River. The increase of 3 C in mean annual temperature by the end of 21 th century may result in increase of 35-40% in Gilgit River flows. The expected increase in the surface runoff from the snow and glacier melt demands better water conservation and management for irrigation and hydel-power generation in the Indus basin in future.

关键词： Snowmelt runoff model Climate change Gilgit River Himalayan region

Efficient Grad-Cam-Based Model for COVID-19 Classification and Detection

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第3期44卷 2743-2757页

Corona Virus(COVID-19)is a novel virus that crossed an animal-human barrier and emerged in Wuhan,*** now it has affected more than 119 million *** of COVID-19 is a critical task and due to a large number of patients,a shortage of doctors has occurred for its *** this paper,a model has been suggested that not only detects the COVID-19 using X-ray and CT-Scan images but also shows the affected *** classes have been defined;COVID-19,normal,and Pneumonia for X-ray *** CT-Scan images,2 classes have been defined COVID-19 and *** classi-fication purposes,pretrained models like ResNet50,VGG-16,and VGG19 have been used with some *** detecting the affected areas Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(GradCam)has been *** the X-rays and ct images are taken at different intensities,so the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)has been applied to see the effect on the training of the *** a result of these experiments,we achieved a maximum validation accuracy of 88.10%with a training accuracy of 88.48%for CT-Scan images using the ResNet50 *** for X-ray images we achieved a maximum validation accuracy of 97.31%with a training accuracy of 95.64%using the VGG16 model.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks(CNN) COVID-19 pre-trained models CLAHE Grad-Cam X-ray data augmentation

Flow-injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Uric Acid in Urine via Prussian Blue Reaction

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2011年第6期27卷 929-933页

作者： WASEEM Amir YAQOOB Mohammad nabi Abdul MURTAZA ghulam HUSSAIN Izhar Department of Chemistry COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Department of Chemistry University of Balochistan Department of Pharmacy COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

A simple and sensitive flow injection（FI） spectrophotometric method was reported for the determination of uric acid based on the reduction of Fe（III）/ferricyanide in the presence of uric acid. The in situ reduced ions reacted with unreduced portion of ferricyanide/Fe（III） to form soluble Prussian blue, which was monitored at an absorption wavelength of 735 nm. The optimized conditions allow a linear calibration graph in a concentration range of 1―100 μmol/L. The relative standard deviation was in a range of 0.5%―2.5%, with a detection limit（3σ blank） of 0.3 μmol/L and a sampling frequency of 60 injection/h was obtained. The effect of common substances present in human physiological fluids on the determination of uric acid was examined. The method was applied to determining uric acid in human urine samples with the recoveries in a range of 96%―105%. The results agree well with those by spectrophotometric reference method at a confidence level of 95%. Spectrophotometric procedures for uric acid determination in clinical samples were reviewed briefly.

关键词： Flow injection analysis Spectrophotometry Uric acid Prussian blue Urine

Disintegration of uncertainties associated with real-time multi-satellite precipitation products in diverse topographic and climatic area in Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第3期18卷 716-734页

作者： Muhammad MASOOD ghulam nabi Muhammad BABUR Aftab Hussain AZHAR Muhammad KALEEM ULLAH Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering University of Engineering&Technology GT-RoadLahore 54890Pakistan Civil Engineering Department University of Central PunjabLahore 54782Pakistan Directorate of Hydrology Pakistan Water&Power Development Authority(WAPDA)MDO-WAPDAMangla Dam10200Pakistan Civil Engineering Department University of LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan

Satellite-based Precipitation Estimates(SPEs)have gained importance due to enhanced spatial and temporal resolution,particularly in Indus basin,where raingauge network has fewer observation stations and drainage area is laying in many *** of SPEs is based on indirect mechanism,therefore,assessment and correction of associated uncertainties is *** the present study,disintegration of uncertainties associated with four prominent real time SPEs,IMERG,TMPA,CMORPH and PERSIANN has been conducted at grid level,regional scale,and summarized in terms of regions as well as whole study area *** bias has been disintegrated into hit,missed,false biases,and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)into systematic and random errors.A comparison among gauge-and satellite-based precipitation estimates at annual scale,showed promising result,encouraging use of real time SPEs in the study *** grid basis,at daily scale,from box plots,the median values of total bias(-0.5 to 0.5 mm)of the used SPEs were also encouraging although some under/over estimations were noted in terms of hit bias(-0.15 to 0.05 mm/day).Relatively higher values of missed(0.3 to 0.5 mm/day)and false(0.5 to 0.7 mm/day)biases were *** detected average daily RMSE,systematic errors,and random errors were also comparatively ***-scale spatial distribution of uncertainties revealed lower values of uncertainties in plain areas,depicting the better performance of satellite-based products in these ***,in areas of high altitude(>4000 m),due to complex topography and climatic conditions(orographic precipitation and glaciated peaks)higher values of biases and errors were *** barriers and point scale gauge data could also be a cause of poor performance of SPEs in these areas,where precipitation is more on ridges and less in valleys where gauge stations are usually *** system’s size and intensity can also be a reason of higher biases,because M

关键词： Satellite precipitation Real-time Error characterization IMERG Indus Basin

Birds and plastic pollution:recent advances

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 591-599页

作者： Limin Wang ghulam nabi Liyun Yin Yanqin Wang Shuxin Li Zhuang Hao Dongming Li Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology Key Laboratory of Animal PhysiologyBiochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China

Plastic waste and debris have caused substantial environmental pollution globally in the past decades,and they have been accumulated in hundreds of terrestrial and aquatic avian *** are susceptible and vulnerable to external environments;therefore,they could be used to estimate the negative effects of environmental *** this review,we summarize the effects of macroplastics,microplastics,and plastic-derived additives and plastic-absorbed chemicals on ***,macroplastics and microplastics accumulate in different tissues of various aquatic and terrestrial birds,suggesting that birds could suffer from the macroplastics and microplastics-associated contaminants in the aquatic and terrestrial ***,the detrimental effects of macroplastics and microplastics,and their derived additives and absorbed chemicals on the individual survival,growth and development,reproductive output,and physiology,are summarized in different birds,as well as the known toxicological mechanisms of plastics in laboratory model ***,we identify that human commensal birds,long-life-span birds,and model bird species could be utilized to different research objectives to evaluate plastic pollution burden and toxicological effects of chronic plastic exposure.

关键词： Birds Microplastics pollution Plastics pollution Toxicological effects

Parameter evaluation for soil erosion estimation on small watersheds using SWAT model

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 96-108页

作者： Fiaz Hussain ghulam nabi Ray-Shyan Wu Bashir Hussain Tanveer Abbas Department of Civil Engineering National Central UniversityTaiwan 32001China PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46000 Pakistan Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute(SAWCRI)Chakwal Chakwal 48800Pakistan

This research was undertaken for the evaluation of soil erosion using the semi-distributed basin scale SWAT model for four subcatchments of the Dhrabi River Catchment(DRC),which is located in the Pothwar Plateau *** subcatchments(catchment-25 and-31)are characterized by gullies while the other two(catchment-27 and-32)are managed with terraced landuse *** performance of the model was satisfactory with coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.67 to 0.91 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(ENS)=0.54 to 0.85 for both surface runoff and sediment yield during the calibration(2009-2010)and validation(2011)*** PUSLE factor was found to be the most sensitive parameter during model *** was observed that all of the rainfall-runoff events occurred during the monsoon season(June to September).The estimated annual sediment loss ranged from 2.6 t/hm^(2) to 31.1 t/hm^(2) over the duration of the simulation period for the non-terraced catchments,in response to annual precipitation amounts that were between 194.8 mm to 579.3 *** contrast,the predicted annual sediment levels for the terraced catchments ranged from 0.52 t/hm^(2) to 10.10 t/hm^(2) due to similar precipitation *** terraced catchments resulted in 4 to 5 times lower sediment yield as compared to non-terraced *** results suggest that there is a huge potential for terraces to reduce soil erosion in the DRC specifically and Pothwar area generally,which have proven to be an efficient approach to establishing soil and water conservation structures in this region.

关键词： SWAT modeling sediment yield Modified version of Universal Soil Loss Equation(MUSLE) calibration validation parameter evaluation small watersheds

Coping with extremes:lowered myocardial phosphofructokinase activities and glucose content but increased fatty acids content in highland Eurasian Tree Sparrows

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 699-706页

作者： Boyang Ding Yuliang Zhao Yanfeng Sun Qian Zhang Mo Li ghulam nabi Yuefeng Wu Chuan Jiang Dongming Li Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biol-ogy of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050010China Ocean College Hebei Agricultural University066003 QinhuangdaoChina College of Life Science Cangzhou Normal University061001 CangzhouChina

Background:Efficient and selective utilization of metabolic substrates is one of the key strategies in high-altitude animals to cope with hypoxia and *** findings have shown that the energy substrate utilization of highland animals varies with evolutionary history and *** heart is a proxy for the cardiopulmonary system,and the metabolic substrate utilization in the myocardium is also under the strong selective pressure of chronically hypoxic and hypothermic ***,little information is available on the physiological adjustments in relation to metabolic substrate utilization in the myocardium for coping with high-altitude ***:We compared the metabolic enzyme activities,including hexokinase(HK),phosphofructokinase(PFK),pyruvate kinase(PK),citrate synthase(CS),carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1(CPT-1),lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),and creatine kinase(CK),and metabolic substrate contents including glucose(Glu),triglyceride(TG),and free fatty acid(FFA)in the myocardium of a typical human commensal species,Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(the QTP,3230 m)and low altitude population(Shijiazhuang,80 m),and between ***:Among the seven metabolic enzymes and three substrates investigated,we identified no significant differences in PK,CPT-1,HK,CS,LDH,and CK activities and TG content of the myocardium between high and low altitude ***,the QTP sparrows had significantly lower Glu content and PFK activities but higher FFA content relative to their lowland *** addition,male sparrows had higher myocardial HK and CS activities relative to females,independent of ***:Our results showed that the QTP sparrows elevated fatty acid utilization rather than glucose preference in the myocardium relative to lowland counterpart,which contributes to uncovering both the physiological adjustments for adapting to the extreme conditions of the QTP,intraspe

关键词： Energy utilization Eurasian Tree Sparrow Metabolic enzyme Myocardium The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Coping with extremes:convergences of habitat use,territoriality,and diet in summer but divergences in winter between two sympatric snow finches on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 533-543页

作者： Dongming LI Jason E.DAVIS Yanfeng SUN Gang WANG ghulam nabi John C.WINGFIELD Fumin LEI Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Neurobiology Physiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA Department of Biology Radford UniversityRadfordVirginiaUSA Ocean College Hebei Agricultural UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei ProvinceChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,extreme environmental conditions have imposed intense selective pressure on the evolution of phenotypic traits of wild *** date,limited information is available on behavioral and ecological traits concerning niche differentiation among sympatric animals on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,especially during winter when the environments are most ***,we studied the seasonal variations in habitat occurrence,territorial behavior,and diet in two sympatric snow finches(the white-rumped snow finch,Onychostruthus taczanowskii,WRSF;and the rufous-necked snow finch,Pyrgilauda ruficollis,RNSF)to determine convergence and divergence of ecological traits in such severe climatic *** results showed that:(i)WRSF occupied rural areas as a dominant species throughout the annual cycle while RNSF occupied the rural areas in summer and then shifted to human-occupied areas in winter and spring;(ii)WRSFs exhibited robust aggressive behavior and territoriality during winter relative to RNSFs;(iii)the diets of both species varied with the season but did not vary between species except that WRSF ate significantly more seeds but RNSF consumed more starchy material derived from human food waste during ***,the separations in the spatial niche and territoriality between WRSF and RNSF,especially in winter,may contribute to alleviating the pressure of interspecific competition,and promoting the coexistence of the two sympatric snow finches in the extreme environments on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： diet habitat use Qinghai-Tibet Plateau snow finch territorial behavior