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Management of extracranial carotid artery stenosis during endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke:results from the MR CLEAN Registry

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 229-237,I0074-I0085页

作者： Sabine L Collette Michael P Rodgers Marianne A A van Walderveen Kars C j Compagne Paul j Nederkoorn jeannette Hofmeijer jasper M Martens gert j de Borst gert jan R Luijckx Charles B L M Majoie Aad van der Lugt Reinoud P H Bokkers Maarten Uyttenboogaart University Medical Centre Groningen University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Leiden University Medical Centre LeidenThe Netherlands Erasmus MC University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam University Medical Centres University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Rijnstate Hospital ArnhemThe Netherlands University Medical Centre Utrecht University of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background The optimal management of ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis during endovascular treatment(EVT)is unclear.We compared the outcomes of two different strategies:EVT with vs without carotid artery stenting(CAS).Methods In this observational study,we included patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke undergoing EVT and a concomitant ipsilateral extracranial ICA stenosis of≥50%or occlusion of presumed atherosclerotic origin,from the Dutch Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands(MR CLEAN)Registry(2014-2017).The primary endpoint was a good functional outcome at 90 days,defined as a modified Rankin Scale score≤2.Secondary endpoints were successful intracranial reperfusion,new clot in a different vascular territory,symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage,recurrent ischaemic stroke and any serious adverse event.Results Of the 433 included patients,169(39%)underwent EVT with CAS.In 123/168(73%)patients,CAS was performed before intracranial thrombectomy.In 42/224(19%)patients who underwent EVT without CAS,a deferred carotid endarterectomy or CAS was performed.EVT with and without CAS were associated with similar proportions of good functional outcome(47%vs 42%,respectively;adjusted OR(aOR),0.90;95%CI,0.50 to 1.62).There were no major differences between the groups in any of the secondary endpoints,except for the increased odds of a new clot in a different vascular territory in the EVT with CAS group(aOR,2.96;95%CI,1.07 to 8.21).Conclusions Functional outcomes were comparable after EVT with and without CAS.CAS during EVT might be a feasible option to treat the extracranial ICA stenosis but randomised studies are warranted to prove non-inferiority or superiority.

关键词： stenosis carotid treatment

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Statins markedly potentiate aminopeptidase inhibitor activity against(drug-resistant)human acute myeloid leukemia cells

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第3期6卷 430-446页

作者： Gerrit jansen Marjon Al Yehuda G.Assaraf Sarah Kammerer johan van Meerloo gert j.Ossenkoppele jacqueline Cloos Godefridus j.Peters Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology CenterAmsterdam University Medical Centerlocation VUmcAmsterdam 1081 HVThe Netherlands The Fred Wyszkowsky Cancer Research Laboratory Faculty of BiologyThe Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel Department of Medical Oncology Amsterdam University Medical Centerlocation VUmcAmsterdam 1081 HVThe Netherlands Institute of Biotechnology Molecular Cell BiologyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergSenftenberg 01968Germany Department of Hematology Amsterdam University Medical Centerlocation VUmcAmsterdam 1081 HVThe Netherlands Department of Biochemistry Medical University of GdanskGdansk 80-210Poland

Aim: This study aimed to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of inhibitors of the mevalonate-cholesterol pathway (i.e., statins) and aminopeptidase inhibitors (APis) on APi-sensitive and -resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells.Methods: U937 cells and their sublines with low and high levels of acquired resistance to (6S)-[(R)-2-((S)-Hydroxy-hydroxycarbamoyl-methoxy-methyl)-4-methyl-pentanoylamino]-3,3 dimethyl-butyric acid cyclopentyl ester (CHR2863), an APi prodrug, served as main AML cell line models. Drug combination effects were assessed with CHR2863 and in vitro non-toxic concentrations of various statins upon cell growth inhibition, cell cycle effects, and apoptosis induction. Mechanistic studies involved analysis of Rheb prenylation required for mTOR activation.Results: A strong synergy of CHR2863 with the statins simvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, and pravastatin was demonstrated in U937 cells and two CHR2863-resistant sublines. This potent synergy between simvastatin and CHR2863 was also observed with a series of other human AML cell lines (e.g., THP1, MV4-11, and KG1), but not with acute lymphocytic leukemia or multiple solid tumor cell lines. This synergistic activity was: (i) specific for APis (e.g., CHR2863 and Bestatin), rather than for other cytotoxic agents;and (ii) corroborated by enhanced induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest which increased the sub-G1 fraction. Consistently, statin potentiation of CHR2863 activity was abrogated by co-administration of mevalonate and/or farnesyl pyrophosphate, suggesting the involvement of protein prenylation;this was experimentally confirmed by impaired Rheb prenylation by simvastatin.Conclusion: These novel findings suggest that the combined inhibitory effect of impaired Rheb prenylation and CHR2863-dependent mTOR inhibition instigates a potent synergistic inhibition of statins and APis on human AML cells.

关键词： Aminopeptidase statins mevalonate pathway carboxyl esterase Rheb mTOR

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Nanostructure and thermal power of highly-textured and single-crystal-like Bi_(2)Te_(3) thin films

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2382-2390页

作者： Heng Zhang jamo Momand joshua Levinsky Qikai Guo Xiaotian Zhu gert H ten Brink Graeme R.Blake George Palasantzas Bart j.Kooi Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands

Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based alloys are known to have outstanding thermoelectric properties.Although structure–property relations have been studied,still,detailed analysis of the atomic and nano-scale structure of Bi_(2)Te_(3)thin film in relation to their thermoelectric properties remains poorly explored.Herein,highly-textured(HT)and single-crystal-like(SCL)Bi_(2)Te_(3)films have been grown using pulsed laser deposition(PLD)on Si wafer covered with(native or thermal)SiOx and mica substrates.All films are highly textured with c-axis out-of-plane,but the in-plane orientation is random for the films grown on oxide and single-crystal-like for the ones grown on mica.The power factor of the film on thermal oxide is about four times higher(56.8μW·cm^(−1)·K^(−2))than that of the film on mica(12.8μW·cm^(−1)·K^(−2)),which is comparable to the one of the polycrystalline ingot at room temperature(RT).Reduced electron scattering in the textured thin films results in high electrical conductivity,where the SCL film shows the highest conductivity.However,its Seebeck coefficient shows a low value.The measured properties are correlated with the atomic structure details unveiled by scanning transmission electron microscopy.For instance,the high concentration of stacking defects observed in the HT film is considered responsible for the increase of Seebeck coefficient compared to the SCL film.This study demonstrates the influence of nanoscale structural effects on thermoelectric properties,which sheds light on tailoring thermoelectric thin films towards high performance.

关键词： Bi_(2)Te_(3)films highly-textured structure single-crystal-like structure thermoelectric properties pulsed laser deposition

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Intra-arterial thrombolytics during endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke in the MR CLEAN Registry

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第1期8卷 17-25页

作者： Sabine L Collette Reinoud P H Bokkers Aryan Mazuri Geert j LycklamaàNijeholt Robert j van Oostenbrugge Natalie E LeCouffe Faysal Benali Charles B L M Majoie jan Cees de Groot gert jan R Luijckx Maarten Uyttenboogaart 无 Department of Radiology Medical Imaging CentreUniversity Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands Department of Radiology Haaglanden Medical CentreThe Haguethe Netherlands Department of Neurology Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht(CARIM)Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands Department of Neurology Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Radiology Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Neurology University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands On behalf of the MR CLEAN Registry investigators

Introduction The efficacy and safety of local intra-arterial(IA)thrombolytics during endovascular thrombectomy(EVT)for large-vessel occlusions is uncertain.We analysed how often IA thrombolytics were administered in the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands(MR CLEAN)Registry,whether it was associated with improved functional outcome and assessed technical and safety outcomes compared with EVT without IA thrombolytics.Methods In this observational study,we included patients undergoing EVT for an acute ischaemic stroke in the anterior circulation from the MR CLEAN Registry(March 2014-November 2017).The primary endpoint was favourable functional outcome,defined as an modified Rankin Scale score≤2 at 90 days.Secondary endpoints were reperfusion status,early neurological recovery and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage(sICH).Subgroup analyses for IA thrombolytics as primary versus adjuvant revascularisation attempt were performed.Results Of the 2263 included patients,95(4.2%)received IA thrombolytics during EVT.The IA thrombolytics administered were urokinase(median dose,250000 IU(IQR,193750-250000))or alteplase(median dose,20 mg(IQR,12-20)).No association was found between IA thrombolytics and favourable functional outcome(adjusted OR(aOR),1.16;95%CI 0.71 to 1.90).Successful reperfusion was less often observed in those patients treated with IA thrombolytics(aOR,0.57;95%CI 0.36 to 0.90).The odds of sICH(aOR,0.82;95%CI 0.32 to 2.10)and early neurological recovery were comparable between patients treated with and without IA thrombolytics.For primary and adjuvant revascularisation attempts,IA thrombolytics were more often administered for proximal than for distal occlusions.Functional outcomes were comparable for patients receiving IA thrombolytics as a primary versus adjuvant revascularisation attempt.Conclusion Local IA thrombolytics were rarely used in the MR CLEAN Registry.In the relatively small study sample,no statistical difference was observe

关键词： arterial throm acute

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2022年欧洲血管外科学会(ESVS)下肢慢性静脉疾病管理临床实践指南(全译)

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中华血管外科杂志 2023年第1期8卷 76-158页

作者： Marianne G.De Maeseneer Stavros K.Kakkos Thomas Aherne Niels Baekgaard Stephen Black Lena Blomgren Athanasios Giannoukas Manjit Gohel Rick de Graaf Claudine Hamel-Desnos Arkadiusz jawien Aleksandra jaworucka-Kaczorowska Christopher R.Lattimer Giovanni Mosti Thomas Noppeney Marie joseevanRijn Gerard Stansby 无 Philippe Kolh Frederico Bastos Gongalves Nabil Chakfé Raphael Coscas gert j.deborst Nuno V.Dias Robert j.Hinchliffe Igor B.Koncar jes S.Lindholt Santi Trimarchi Rikka Tulamo Christopher P.Twine Frank Vermassen Anders Wanhainen Martin Bjorck Nicos Labropoulos Fedor Lurie Armando Mansilha Isaac K.Nyamekye Marta Ramirez Ortega jorge H.Ulloa Tomasz Urbanek Andre M.van Rij Marc E.Vuylsteke 荷兰鹿特丹伊拉斯谟医疗中心皮肤科希腊帕特雷帕特雷大学血管外科爱尔兰科尔克大学医院和爱尔兰国立大学戈尔韦分校血管外科丹麦哥本哈根大学根措夫特医院和国家教学研究医院血管外科英国伦敦盖伊和圣托马斯医院及国王学院瑞典厄勒布罗大学医学院心血管和胸外科希腊塞萨利大学健康科学学院医学院拉里萨大学医院血管外科英国伦敦剑桥大学医院和帝国理工学院德国弗里德里希沙芬诊所诊断和介入放射科法国巴黎圣约瑟夫医院集团法国卡昂圣马丁私立医院血管内科波兰托伦市路德维克·赖德吉耶医学院尼古拉·哥白尼大学血管外科和血管学系波兰戈佐市静脉和美容医学中心、外科和妇科中心伦敦西北大学医疗保健NHS信托基金会英国伦敦帝国学院意大利卢卡Maria Domenica Barbantini诊所血管科纽伦堡MarthaMaria医院血管和血管内外科德国雷根斯堡大学医院血管和内皮外科荷兰鹿特丹伊拉斯谟医疗中心血管外科英国泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔弗里曼医院纽卡斯尔大学 ESVS Guidelines Committee 比利时利日利日大学生物医学和临床前科学系葡萄牙里斯本诺瓦德里斯本大学圣玛尔塔医院里斯本中心医院和诺瓦医学院法国斯特拉斯堡大学血管外科和肾移植系巴黎援助公社(AP-HP)CHU AmbroiseParé 法国布洛涅比兰科特巴黎萨克莱大学凡尔赛大学圣昆廷分校血管外科荷兰乌得勒支大学医学中心血管外科瑞典马尔默隆德大学斯科纳大学医院血管中心和马尔默临床科学英国布里斯托尔布里斯托尔大学塞尔维亚贝尔格莱德大学医学院塞尔维亚临床中心血管和血管内外科诊所丹麦欧登塞大学医院心胸血管外科意大利米兰大学临床与社区科学系米兰IRCCS CaGranda Ospedae Maggiore Policlinico基金会芬兰赫尔辛基赫尔辛基大学医院和赫尔辛基大学英国布里斯托尔北布里斯托尔NHS信托基金会布里斯托尔大学比利特根特大学医院瑞典乌普萨拉大学外科学系瑞典乌梅奥大学外科和围手术期科学系爱沙尼亚塔尔图塔尔图大学临床医学研究所外科学系美国纽约州石溪市石溪大学医学中心美国俄亥俄州托莱多普惠约布斯特血管研究所密歇根大学葡萄牙波尔图大学医学院英国伍斯特伍斯特郡皇家医院伍斯特郡急症医院NHS信托西班牙马德里La Luz Quiron Salud医院哥伦比亚波哥大安第斯大学圣菲基金会波兰卡托维兹西里西亚医科大学普通外科、血管外科、血管和静脉科新西兰达尼丁奥塔哥大学外科学系比利时Tielt圣安德列齐肯胡斯血管外科

2022年指南与2015年指南相比的新内容是什么?与2015年版《慢性静脉疾病(chronic venous disease,CVD)管理指南》1相比,该指南的总体结构做了很大修改,使其更加实用和方便。在不同章节中增加了关于管理策略的相关内容,并附有流程图。

关键词：临床实践指南血管外科学慢性静脉疾病管理指南流程图总体结构管理策略

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Potential therapeutic benefits stemming from the thermal nature of irreversible electropora tion of solid cancers

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第3期14卷 331-333页

作者： Michal Heger Allard C van der Wal gert Storm Martin j van Gemert Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics Institute of BiomembranesUniversity of Utrecht Department of Pharmaceutics Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University Department of Pathology Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam Department of Controlled Drug Delivery MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical MedicineUniversity of Twente Biomedical Engineering and Physics Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam

To the Editor：Irreversible electroporation （IRE） is a CE- and FDA- approved treatment modality for pancreatic and liver tumors that is based on the site-confined destruction of tumor tissue by multiple short, high-... 详细信息

关键词： Potential therapeutic benefits stemming from the thermal nature of irreversible electropora tion of solid cancers

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Optimal surgical approach for the treatment of Quervains disease: A surgical-anatomical study

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World journal of Orthopedics 2018年第2期9卷 7-13页

作者： Alexander R Poublon gert-jan Kleinrensink Anton LA Kerver j Henk Coert Erik T Walbeehm Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy Erasmus MC Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery Catharina Ziekenhuis Department of Plastic Surgery UMC Utrecht Department of Plastic Surgery Radboud UMC

AIM To determine which of the common used incision techniques has the lowest chance of iatrogenic damage to the nerves which at risk are the superficial branch of the radial nerve(SBRN) and the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve(LABCN).METHODS Twenty embalmed arms were dissected and the course of the SBRN and the LABCN in each individual arm was marked and the distance between the two branches of the SBRN at the location of the First Extensor Compartment(FEC) was measured. This data was used as input in a visualization tool called Computer Assisted Anatomy Mapping(CASAM) to map the course of the nerves in each individual arm. RESULTS This image visualizes that in 90% of the arms, one branch of the SBRN crosses the FEC and one branch runs volar to the compartment. The distance between the two branches was 7.8 mm at the beginning of the FEC and 10.2 mm at the end. Finally the angle of incision at which the chance of damage to the nerves is lowest, is 19.4 degrees volar to the radius.CONCLUSION CASAM shows the complexity of the course of the SBRN over the FEC. None of the four widely used incision techniques has a significantly lower chance of iatrogenic nerve damage. Surgical skills are paramount to prevent iatrogenic nerve damage.

关键词： De Quervain’s tenosynovitis First dorsal compartment release Wrist surgery

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睾丸活检：临床操作及其诠释

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Asian journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 88-93,177页

作者： gert R Dohle Saad Elzanaty Niels j van Casteren Department of Urology Erasmus MC 3000 CA Rotterdam The Netherlands Department of General Surgery U rology Section Kristianstad Central Hospital Kristianstad SE 291 85 Sweden

睾丸活检许多年来被认为是不明病因男性不育和无精症诊断的基础。近来，男性不育指南都限定诊断性睾丸活检只能用于梗阻性无精子症（睾丸体积正常，生殖激素正常）的鉴别诊断。现今，睾丸活检取精技术与胞浆内单精子显微注射（ICSI）联... 详细信息

睾丸活检许多年来被认为是不明病因男性不育和无精症诊断的基础。近来，男性不育指南都限定诊断性睾丸活检只能用于梗阻性无精子症（睾丸体积正常，生殖激素正常）的鉴别诊断。现今，睾丸活检取精技术与胞浆内单精子显微注射（ICSI）联用于非梗阻性无精子症患者的取精过程中。此外，睾丸活检还可以应用于有睾丸恶性肿瘤风险的患者的取精治疗中。研究一些不育男性后发现，不育患者患原位睾丸癌的风险越来越高，尤其是曾有隐睾症、睾丸恶性肿瘤病史，或患睾丸萎缩的患者。睾丸超声异常，比如睾丸微石症，实质内呈弥散分布，软细胞组织不均、睾丸组织损伤等，进一步增加了这些患者原位癌的发病率。准确的组织学分类，正确的组织处理和固定，样品准备和评估是必须的。同时，推荐使用标准的睾丸活检方法。另外，通过免疫组织化学法检测睾丸组织的肿瘤恶化程度是不可缺少的技术支持。本综述主要描述了睾丸活检用于男性不育临床诊断和治疗措施的最新进展。

关键词：睾丸原位癌诊断男性不育睾丸精子获取睾丸活检睾丸生殖细胞恶性肿瘤

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Potential importance of early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in intestinal transplant patient: A case report

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World journal of Transplantation 2022年第4期12卷 72-78页

作者： Mathias Clarysse Laurens j Ceulemans Lucas Wauters Nicholas Gilbo Viktor Capiau gert De Hertogh Wim Laleman Chris Verslype Diethard Monbaliu jacques Pirenne Tim Vanuytsel Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery&Transplant Coordination University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation Center(LIFT) University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Laboratory of Abdominal Transplant Surgery Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Department of Thoracic Surgery University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery(BREATHE) Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism(CHROMETA)KU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders(TARGID) Department Chronic Diseases and Metabolism(CHROMETA)KU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Department of Pathology University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Laboratory of Translational Cell&Tissue Research KU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology Department of Digestive OncologyKU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium

BACKGROUND Predispositions for severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are age,immunosuppression,and co-morbidity.High levels of maintenance immunosuppression render intestinal transplant(ITx)patients vulnerable for severe COVID-19.COVID-19 also provokes several gastroenterological pathologies which have not been discussed in ITx,so far.CASE SUMMARY During the second European COVID-19 wave in November 2020,an ITx recipient was admitted to the hospital because of electrolyte disturbances due to dehydration.Immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus,azathioprine,and low-dose corticosteroids.During hospitalization,she tested positive on screening COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction swab,while her initial test was negative.She was initially asymptomatic and had normal inflammatory markers.Tacrolimus levels were slightly raised,as Azathioprine was temporarily halted.Due to elevated Ddimers at that time,prophylactic low-molecular weight heparin was started.Seven days after the positive test,dyspnea,anosmia,and C-reactive protein increase(25 mg/L)were noted.Remdesivir was administered during 5 d in total.High stomal output was noted in two consecutive days and several days thereafter.To exclude infection or rejection,an ileoscopy and biopsy were performed and excluded these.Four weeks later,she was discharged from the hospital and remains in good health since then.CONCLUSION Early eradication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in ITx recipients may be warranted to prevent acute rejection provocation by it.

关键词： COVID-19 Intestinal transplantation Outcome SARS-CoV-2 Treatment Case report

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Towards a better understanding of pathways of multiple co-occurring erosion processes on global cropland

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 713-725页

作者： Pasquale Borrelli Christine Alewell jae E.Yang Nejc Bezak Yixian Chen Ayele Almaw Fenta Arthur Nicolaus Fendrich Surya Gupta Francis Matthews Sirio Modugno Nigussie Haregeweyn David A.Robinson Florence Tan Matthias Vanmaercke gert Verstraeten Diana C.S.Vieira Panos Panagos Department of Environmental Sciences Environmental GeosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland Department of Biological Environment Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonRepublic of Korea Department of Science Roma Tre UniversityRomeItaly Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering University of Ljubljana1000LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori UniversityTottori680-0001Japan European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly Laboratoire des Sciences Du Climat et de L'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAYGif sur Yvette91190France UniversitéParis-Saclay INRAEAgroParisTechUMR SAD-APT91120PalaiseauFrance United Nation World Food Programme 00148RomaItaly Centre for Landscape and Climate Research School of GeographyGeology and the EnvironmentUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Environment Centre WalesBangorUnited Kingdom

Soil erosion is a complex process involving multiple natural and anthropic agents,causing the deterio-ration of multiple components comprising soil health.Here,we provide an estimate of the spatial pat-terns of cropland susceptibility to erosion by sheet and rill,gully,wind,tillage,and root crops harvesting and report the co-occurrence of these processes using a multi-model approach.In addition,to give a global overview of potential future changes,we identify the locations where these multiple concurrent soil erosion processes may be expected to intersect with projected dry/wet climate changes by 2070.Of a modelled 1.48 billion hectares(B ha)of global cropland,our results indicate that 0.56 B ha(-36%of the total area)are highly susceptible(classes 4 and 5)to a single erosion process,0.27 B ha(-18%of the total area)to two processes and 0.02 B ha(1.4%of the total area)to three or more processes.An estimated 0.82 B ha of croplands are susceptible to possible increases in water(0.68 B ha)and wind(0.14 B ha)erosion.We contend that the presented set of estimates represents a basis for enhancing our founda-tional knowledge on the geography of soil erosion at the global scale.The generated insight on multiple erosion processes can be a useful starting point for decision-makers working with ex-post and ex-ante policy evaluation of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 15(Life on Land)activities.Scientifically,this work provides the hitherto most comprehensive assessment of soil erosion risks at the global scale,based on state-of-the-art models.

关键词： Modelling Multi-model approach Water Wind Gully Tillage Crop harvesting

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