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Anisotropic magnetoresistance:A 170-year-old puzzle solved

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第1期64卷 120-121页

作者： gerrit e.w.bauer Advanced Institute for Materials Research Institute for Materials ResearchTohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenGroningen9747 AGNetherlands

Thomson[1],the later Lord Kelvin,reported an increased electric resistance in iron and nickel when the magnetization is parallel rather than normal to the current direction,an effect now called anisotropic magnetoresistance(AMR).The AMR allows sensing magnetic fields by simply measuring the resistance change when the magnetization *** the magnetoresistance of magnetic tunnel junctions is larger,AMR sensors are attractive by their simplicity and robustness.

关键词： resistance magnetoresistance magnetization

Nonreciprocal coherent coupling of nanomagnets by exchange spin waves

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Nano Research 2021年第7期14卷 2133-2138页

作者： Hanchen wang Jilei Chen Tao Yu Chuanpu Liu Chenyang Guo Song Liu Ka Shen Hao Jia Tao Liu Jianyu Zhang Marco A.Cabero Z Qiuming Song Sa Tu Mingzhong wu Xiufeng Han Ke Xia Dapeng Yu gerrit e.w.bauer Haiming Yu Fert Beijing Institute School of Integrated Circuit Science and EngineeringBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain ComputingBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter 22761 HamburgGermany Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and engineering(SIQSe) and Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Shenzhen 518055China Department of Physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Physics Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado 80523USA Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology2628 CJ DelftThe Netherlands Institute for Materials Research WPI-AIMR and CSNRTohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenGroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands

Nanomagnets are widely used to store information in non-volatile spintronic *** waves can transfer information with low-power consumption as their propagations are independent of charge ***,to dynamically couple two distant nanomagnets via spin waves remains a major challenge for *** we experimentally demonstrate coherent coupling of two distant Co nanowires by fast propagating spin waves in an yttrium iron garnet thin film with sub-50 nm *** in two nanomagnets are unidirectionally phase-locked with phase shifts controlled by magnon spin torque and spin-wave *** coupled system is finally formulated by an analytical theory in terms of an effective non-Hermitian *** results are attractive for analog neuromorphic computing that requires unidirectional information transmission.

关键词： spintronics nanomagnets spin waves coherent coupling nonreciprocity

Surface Ferron excitations in Ferroelectrics and Their Directional Routing

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Chinese Physics Letters 2023年第8期40卷 68-73页

作者： Xi-Han Zhou Chengyuan Cai Ping Tang R.L.Rodríguez-Suárez Sergio M.Rezende gerrit e.w.bauer Tao Yu School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China wPI-AIMR Tohoku University2-1-1 Katahira980-8577 SendaiJapan Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileCasilla 306SantiagoChile Departamento de Física Universidade Federal de Pernambuco50670-901RecifePernambucoBrazil wPI-AIMR and Institute for Materials Research and CSRN Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The duality between electric and magnetic dipoles inspires recent comparisons between ferronics and *** we predict surface polarization waves or“ferrons”in ferroelectric insulators,taking the long-range dipolar interaction into *** predict properties that are strikingly different from the magnetic counterpart,*** surface Damon-eshbach magnons in *** dipolar interaction pushes the ferron branch with locked circular polarization and momentum to the ionic plasma *** low-frequency modes are on the other hand in-plane polarized normal to their wave *** strong anisotropy of the lower branch renders directional emissions of electric polarization and chiral near fields when activated by a focused laser beam,allowing optical routing in ferroelectric devices.

关键词： polarization branch ferroelectric

Flood events and their effects in a Himalayan mountain river: Geomorphological examples from the Buri Gandaki Valley, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第7期14卷 1303-1316页

作者： gerrit TOMBRINK Institute of Geography University of Gottingen

This research examines flood events and related human interactions in the northwestern Himalayan Buri Gandaki Valley(Nepal). Past flood events that left traces at elevations between 3745 m to 780 m above sea level were investigated and reconstructed using morphometric and descriptive fluvial geomorphological analyses of historical flood markers and their related forms in the Buri Gandaki River system. Furthermore, the discharge of the Buri Gandaki River was measured, and infrastructure and permanent and temporary settlements potentially influenced by floods in the region due to their proximity to natural hazard areas were mapped. All reconstructed flood indicators have been documented with photographs that illustrate the evolution of the landscape over a short period in the Holocene. Moreover, satellite images have confirmed the morphological findings at the mesoscale and macroscale. An analysis of the flood levels showed that the high-water marks between 2160 m and 1710 m above sea level represented the highest reconstructed paleoflood stages. An intense flood hazard was observed in the upper stream of the Buri Gandaki near the Birendra Kund glacial lake and Samagaun settlement(3520 m above sea level). Further conclusions may be drawn from the anthropogenic reactions to flooding, such as those of the ethnic groups in this valley, who have used their local knowledge of floods and high discharge events along the Buri Gandaki River to takesafety precautions. Thus, local knowledge has reduced the social vulnerability in the settled areas of the valley. As a result of these local adaption strategies within the valley, we must rethink our implementation of protection and urbanisation strategies.

关键词： Floods Vulnerability Fluvialgeomorphology Himalaya Buri Gandaki River

Factors influencing the removal of fine non-cohesive sediment by vortex settling basin at small river abstraction works

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第4期36卷 501-511页

作者： Kuria Kiringu gerrit Basson Department of Civil engineering University of Stellenbosch

Diverted sediment causes a wide range of problems at small diversion works. The difference in water levels between low flows and floods, low investment capital and presence of cohesive sediment and fine non-cohesive sediment coupled with a requirement for a high level of supply assurance makes the design of such hydraulic structures complex. Vortex settling basins(VSBs) offer a promising alternative to conventional settling structures or hydro-cyclones. In the current study, parameters affecting the trapping of particles >75 mm were numerically investigated using ANSYS Fluent and were validated by physical modeling. It was established that the inlet velocity needs to be maintained at 0.26 m/s, the underflow to inflow ratio should be between 0.05 and 0.10, the cylinder height to cylinder diameter ratio should be greater than 0.5, and the positioning of the inlet pipe to cylinder height ratio should be greater than 0.7, with a cone of slope ratio of 2:1(V:H) and the cylinder diameter to inlet diameter ratio should be 8.2. These parameters form the basic design guidelines for VSB use at small diversion works(<100 L/s duty capacity).

关键词： Vortex settling basin Sediment trapping efficiency River diversion works ANSYS Fluent Numerical modeling

Immune mechanisms of vaccine induced protection against chronic hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees

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world Journal of Hepatology 2015年第1期7卷 53-69页

作者： Babs e Verstrepen André Boonstra gerrit Koopman Department of Virology Biomedical Primate Research Centre2280GH RijswijkThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam3015 CE RotterdamThe Netherlands

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is characterized by a high propensity for development of life-long viral persistence. An estimated 170 million people suffer from chronic hepatitis caused by HCV. Currently,there is no approved prophylactic HCV vaccine *** the near disappearance of the most relevant animal model for HCV,the chimpanzee,we review the progression that has been made regarding prophylactic vaccine development against HCV. we describe the results of the individual vaccine evaluation experiments in chimpanzees,in relation to what has been observed in humans. The results of the different studies indicate that partial protection against infection can be achieved,but a clear correlate of protection has thus far not yet been defined.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Vaccines Chimpanzees Review Prophylactic Antibodies T-cells

Impact of Crisis Communication Strategies on People's Attitudes toward Behavioral Guidelines Regarding COVID-19 and on Their Trust in Local Officials

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第4期13卷 495-506页

作者： gerrit Hirschfeld Meinald T.Thielsch Faculty of Business CareTech OWL–Center for HealthWelfare and TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences Bielefeld33619 BielefeldGermany Department of Psychology University of Münster48149 MünsterGermany

Situational Crisis Communication Theory(SCCT)guides responses of corporations in *** tested how COVID-19 related crisis communication strategies affect trust in mayors and the acceptance of behavioral measures.A total of 561 participants(53%female)with a mean age of 50 years took part in an online experiment in which we systematically manipulated the mayor's crisis communication strategy(deny crisis,diminish role in crisis,rebuild relationship after taking responsibility,bolster reputation,no response)and pre-crisis reputation(good past crisis management,bad past crisis management).Age,gender,and education served as *** also tested the predictive power of personal concern regarding the COVID-19 pandemic,as well as internal and external control *** our preregistered analysis,we found that crisis communication strategies had no significant effect on participants'ratings of behavioral measures,but they affected participants'trust in the *** deny crisis strategy resulted in the most unfavorable ratings,while the effects of the other strategies were moderated by the mayor's precrisis *** exploratory analyses showed that individual concern and trust were important predictors for the acceptance of behavioral *** though we did not find any effects of communication strategies on behavioral measures,our results support SCCT's utility in guiding communication strategy during a pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Crisis communication Germany Local officials Situational Crisis Communication Theory

Androgen and estrogen receptors in placental physiology and dysfunction

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Frontiers in Biology 2018年第5期13卷 315-326页

作者： erin S Mcwhorter Jennifer e Russ Quinton A winger gerrit J Bouma Department of Biomedical Sciences Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory Colorado State University. 1683 Campus deliveryFort Collins CO 80523-1683 USA

BACKGROUND： The placenta is recognized as an endocrine organ, largely due to its secretions of steroid hormones, including progesterone, androgens, and estrogens. Steroid hormones play an essential role in the progression of pregnancy, fetal development, and growth. Furthermore, steroids are necessary for establishment and maintenance of a normal pregnancy, preparing the endometrium for implantation, stimulating endometrial secretions, and regulating uterine blood flow, however the exact mechanism of sex steroid signaling through their receptors in placental function is unknown. OBJeCTIVe： In this review, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge on sex steroid receptors in normal placental development, as well as evidence of abnormal signaling associated with placental dysfunction. MeTHODS： A systematic literature search was performed using the NCBI PubMed search engine, including the following key works： estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, placenta, placental development, cytotrophoblast, and differentiation. ReSULTS： Of the over 700 articles that were returned, 125 studies focused on estrogen and androgen receptors in human placenta development and function during normal and abnormal pregnancy, as well as in rodents and ruminants placentae. CONCLUSION： Receptors for both estrogens and androgens have been localized within the mammalian placenta, but surprisingly little is known about their signaling in trophoblast cell differentiation and function. An emerging picture is developing in which estrogen receptors possibly play role in cytotrophoblast proliferation and extravillous trophoblast invasion, whereas androgen receptors are involved in syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and function.

关键词： Placenta eSR AR preeclampsia IUGR PCOS

Unmasking metabolic dependencies in pancreatic cancer: aberrant polyamine synthesis as a promising new therapeutic target

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5151-5152页

作者： gerrit wolters-eisfeld Thilo Hackert Cenap Güngör Department of General Visceral and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany

In a recently published Nature article,Lee et *** distinct metabolic dependencies of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDA)cells compared to normal tissue,and discovered that PDA cells exhibited a unique reliance on de novo ornithine synthesis from glutamine,rather than *** aberrant polyamine synthesis offers a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.

关键词： synthesis den depen