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Surface Activation of Plane and Curved Automotive Polymer Surfaces by Using a Fittable Multi-Pin DBD Plasma Source

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Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第6期16卷 593-597页

作者： Jrn HEINE Roland DAMM Christoph gerhard Stephan WIENEKE Wolfgang VIL University of Applied Sciences and Arts Laboratory of Laser and Plasma TechnologyVon-Ossietzky-Stra?e 99 37085 Gttingen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films Application Center for Plasma and Photonic Von-Ossietzky-Stra?e 99 37085 Gttingen Germany

In this work, surface activation of automotive polymers using atmospheric pressure plasmas was investigated. The aim was to increase the polar fraction of the surface energy of both plane and convex polymer devices with a radius in the range of 30 mm. For this purpose, a fittable low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma source based on capacitively coupled multi-pin electrodes was set up and applied. Each single electrode generates a treatment spot of approximately 2 cm2 with a tunable power density of up to 1.4 W/cm2. The surface energy was evaluated by contact angle measurements. After treatment at a low energy density of 1.01 J/cm2, the polar fraction of the surface energy of the investigated polymers was increased by a factor of 3.3 to 132, depending on the polymer materials. It was shown that by applying the presented fittable plasma source, this effect is independent of the surface radius of the polymer sample.

关键词： surface activation atmospheric pressure plasma adhesion lacquering surfaceenergy

Do subtropical grasslands recover spontaneously after afforestation?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 228-234页

作者： Fábio Piccin Torchelsen Monica Cadenazzi gerhard Ernst Overbeck Departamento de Botânica Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGSAv.Bento Gonçalves 9500-Bloco IV-Prédio 43433Porto AlegreRSCEP 91501-970Brazil Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de La Republica-UdelaRPaysandúUruguay

Aims South American Pampa grasslands are habitats of great conservation interest,with a distinct and rich flora,but have been intensely con-verted to other land uses,including tree *** neces-sity for restoration grows,no information on restoration potential of grasslands after afforestation ***,we aim at analyzing composition and structure of grassland vegetation with a history of eucalyptus plantations in order to assess recovery potential of these *** hypothesized that areas with history of eucalyptus would differ from reference grasslands with no history of land-use change in terms of floristic and functional composition and would present lower species *** Our study region comprised four sites in the southeastern part of the Pampa biome,in the coastal plain in the extreme south of Brazil,always with sites with long(50 years)history of eucalyptus plantation and reference *** sampled vegetation at post-eucalyptus sites(with and without resprouting)10 years after clear-clutting and in natural *** analyzed data by analysis of variance and ordination techniques,considering compositional parameters and life forms,and indicator species *** Findings Species richness and vegetation cover were higher in reference grassland than in resprout areas but did not differ from post-eucalyp-tus *** species cover was significantly higher in areas with afforestation *** terms of total composition,natural grasslands differed significantly from areas with past plantation *** species analyses revealed considerable differences between grass-land *** conclusion,vegetation development led to grassland communities that are still quite distinct from reference ***,the specificity of grassland management has a high importance in defining vegetation trajectories in time and importance for grassland recovery,and restoration needs to be addressed in more studies.

关键词： Campos Sulinos conservation Pampa restoration southern Brazil vegetation management

Use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第7期19卷 1040-1048页

作者： Pascal Frei Luc Biedermann Ole Haagen Nielsen gerhard Rogler Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital of ZürichCH-8091 ZürichSwitzerland Department of Gastroenterology Medical SectionHerlev HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenDK-2730 HerlevDenmark

The use of thiopurines as immunosuppression for the treatment of refractory or chronic active inflammatory bowel disease is established for both Crohn's disease and ulcerative ***,many questions remain concerning the optimal treatment regimens of azathioprine,6-mercaptopurine and *** will briefly summarize dose recommendations,indications for thiopurine therapy and side effects which are relevant in clinical *** discuss some currently debated topics,including the combination of azathioprine and allopurinol,switching of thiopurine therapy in case of side effects,the use of azathioprine in pregnancy,the infection risk using thiopurines and the evidence when to stop *** reviews have been published on the thiopurine metabolic pathway which will not be discussed here in detail.

关键词： Thiopurines Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Immunosuppression Infection

The future of computer-aided sperm analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 545-553页

作者： Sharon T Mortimer gerhard van der Horst David Mortimer Oozoa Biomedical West Vancouver BC Canada Department of Medical Biosciences University ofthe Western Cape Bellville South Africa 0ozoaBiomedical West Vancouver BC Canada.

Computer-aided sperm analysis （CASA） technology was developed in the late 1980s for analyzing sperm movement characteristics or kinematics and has been highly successful in enabling this field of research. CASA has also been used with great success for measuring semen characteristics such as sperm concentration and proportions of progressive motility in many animal species, including wide application in domesticated animal production laboratories and reproductive toxicology. However, attempts to use CASA for human clinical semen analysis have largely met with poor success due to the inherent difficulties presented by many human semen samples caused by sperm clumping and heavy background debris that, until now, have precluded accurate digital image analysis. The authors review the improved capabilities of two modern CASA platforms （Hamilton Thorne CASA-II and Microptic SCA6） and consider their current and future applications with particular reference to directing our focus towards using this technology to assess functional rather than simple descriptive characteristics of spermatozoa. Specific requirements for validating CASA technology as a semi-automated system for human semen analysis are also provided, with particular reference to the accuracy and uncertainty of measurement expected of a robust medical laboratory test for implementation in clinical laboratories operating according to modern accreditation standards.

关键词： HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

Physiological and Molecular Features of the Pathosystem Arabidopsis thaliana L.-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Libert

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第1期48卷 44-52页

作者： Fu-Ming Dai Tong Xu gerhard A. Wolf Zu-Hua He College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Institute of Plant Pathology Georg-August University Goettingen Goettingen 37077 Germany

The fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Libert causes rot diseases on many crops worldwide and large economic losses occur frequently because of a lack of resistant varieties. The pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum and the molecular basis of plant responses to the pathogen are poorly understood. In the present investigation, the process of S. sclerotiorum infection in Arabidopsis thaliana L., a plant that is highly susceptible to this fungus, was analysed. In addition, the defense activation in the host was investigated. A convenient inoculation method using millet grain was developed for S. sclerotiorum in Arabidopsis. The fungus rapidly infected the plants, probably through ball- or cushion-like infection structures. Visible symptoms developed within 24 h and plants were killed 72 h after inoculation. Cellulase, the main enzyme that caused host tissues to rot, was secreted by S. sclerotiorum in a pH-dependent manner. Oxalic acid, another pathogenic factor secreted by the fungus, induced necrotic lesions on the leaves, infection with S. sclerotiorum strongly induced the production of the pathogenesis-related （PR） proteins β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the PR gene PDF. 1 was induced, but not PR1, indicating that the pathogen activated basal defense of jasmonic acid/ethylene dependence, which is consistent with its necrotrophic characteristics. This pathosystem for Arabidopsis-S. sclerotiorum could provide an approach for the analysis of the interactions between S. sclerotiorum and other crops, thereby facilitating genetic manipulation techniques for controlling this pathogen.

关键词： Arabidopsis defense pathogenesis pathosystem Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Systemic risk management and investment analysis with financial network analytics:research opportunities and challenges

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Financial Innovation 2015年第1期1卷 2-10页

作者： Daning Hu gerhard Schwabe Xiao Li Department of informatics Faculty of Economics Business Administration and Information TechnologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

Recent economic crises like the 2008 financial tsunami has demonstrated a critical need for better understanding of the topologies and various economic,social,and technical mechanisms of the increasingly interconnected global financial *** a system largely relies on the interconnectedness of various financial entities such as banks,firms,and investors through complex financial relationships such as interbank payment networks,investment relations,or supply chains.A network-based perspective or approach is needed to study various financial networks in order to improve or extend financial theories,as well as develop business ***,with the advance of big data related technologies,and the availability of huge amounts of financial and economic network data,advanced computing technologies and data analytics that can comprehend such big data are also *** referred this approach as financial network *** suggest that it will enable stakeholders better understand the network dynamics within the interconnected global financial system and help designing financial policies such as managing and monitoring banking systemic risk,as well as developing intelligent business applications like banking advisory *** this paper,we review the existing research about financial network analytics and then discuss its main research challenges from the economic,social,and technological perspectives.

关键词： Financial network analytics Risk management Investment analysis

Non-small cell lung cancer-small cell lung cancer transformation as mechanism of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第2期3卷 171-178页

作者： Barbara Rath Adelina Plangger gerhard Hamilton Department of Vascular Surgery Medical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria

Mutated or rearranged driver kinases in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells are clinically amenable to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)resulting in prolonged survival and significant benefit compared to cytotoxic *** most frequent genomic alterations are observed for epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase,which can be blocked by a range of specific TKIs in *** clinics,resistance to TKIs emerges after approximately one year and comprises secondary mutations of the kinases(on-target)or alternative pathways circumventing the original kinase(off-target)alterations.A special feature of NSCLC is the occurrence of histological transformation to small cell lung cancer(SCLC)in up to 14%of cases,which,in general,is accompanied by resistance to the original *** transformed tumors may be treated with the classical platinum/etoposide regimen but thus far there are no definitive *** transformed pleural SCLC lines in our lab indicate the presence of a gradual NSCLC-SCLC shift with overlapping drug *** conclusion,the treatment of NSCLC-SCLC transformed cancer cells would need a better chemosensitivity assessment using functional genomics to guide further therapy.

关键词： Lung cancer non-small cell lung cancer small cell lung cancer transformation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor chemotherapy drug resistance

Automated Burris gravity meter for single and continuous observation

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第3期9卷 204-209页

作者： gerhard Jentzsch Richard Schulz Adelheid Weise Gravity Consult GmbH^1 Bonn(formerly Institute of GeosciencesApplied GeophysicsFriedrich-Schiller-University Jena)Annettenstr.2D-53175BonnGermany Applied Gravity Dr.H.Richard Schulz Steg 8D-74538RosengartenGermany Institute of Geosciences General GeophysicsFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaBurooweg 11D-07749JenaGermany

The Burris Gravity MeterTM manufactured by ZLS Corporation, Austin/Texas, USA, is based on the in- vention of L^R （L. LaCoste and A. Romberg）： The ZLS （zero-length spring）. A digital feedback system （range of about 50 mGal） is used to null the beam. Now, more than 120 gravity meters of this make exist worldwide and are used successfully in exploration, volcanology, geodetic work and surveying. The sensor is made of the well-known （L＆R） metal-alloy zero-length spring providing a low drift characteristic. The drifts observed are comparable to L＆R gravimeters and are less than 0.3 mGal per month, which is much lower than the drifts known for the fused quartz sensors. The dial is calibrated every 50 regal over the entire 7000 mGal meter range. Since the gravity value is determined at these points, there are no periodic errors. By a fourth heater circuit temperature effects are totally avoided. The gravity meter is controlled via Bluetoothce either to a handheld computer （tablet） or a notebook computer. The feedback responds with high stability and accuracy. The hulling of the beam is controlled by the UltraGravTM control system which incorporates an inherently linear PWM （pulse-width modulated） electrostatic feedback system. In order to improve the handling of the gravimeter we have developed two Windows based programs： AGESfield for single measurements and AGEScont for continuous readings.

关键词： Gravimeter Micro-gravity measurements Drift Resolution Single and continuous observations

Orbit design for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第12期53卷 179-186页

作者： gerhard HEINZEL Albrecht RDIGER Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a joint ESA-NASA mission for detecting low-frequency gravitational waves in the frequency range from 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz, by using accurate laser interferometry between three spacecrafts, which will be launched around 2018 and one year later reach their operational orbits around the Sun. In order to operate successfully, it is crucial for the constellation of the three spacecrafts to have extremely high stability. Based on the study of operational orbits for a 2015 launch, we design the operational orbits of beginning epoch on 2019-03-01, and introduce the method of orbit design and optimization. We design the orbits of the transfer from Earth to the operational orbits, including launch phase and separation phase; furthermore, the relationship between energy requirement and flight time of these two orbit phases is investigated. Finally, an example of the whole orbit design is presented.

关键词： co-orbital restricted problem orbit design orbit optimization launch energy