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Role of cytokines and other factors involved in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

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World Journal of Immunology 2015年第1期5卷 16-50页

作者： Tania Beatriz Romero-Adrian Jorymar Leal-Montiel gerardo Fernández Alejandra Valecillo Graduate Studies in Immunology Institute of Biological Research Faculty of Medicine University of Zulia Service of Pediatric Southern General Hospital Rheumatology and Immunology Service University Hospital

Mycobacterium tuberculosis （Mtb） is a pathogen that is widely distributed geographically and continues to be a major threat to world health. Bacterial virulence factors, nutritional state, host genetic condition and immune response play an important role in the evolution of the infection. The genetically diverse Mtb strains from different lineages have been shown to induce variable immune system response. The modern and ancient lineages strains induce different cytokines patterns. The immunity to Mtb depends on Th1-cell activity [interferon- γ （IFN- γ ）, interleukin-12 （IL-12） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）]. IL-1β directly kills Mtb in murine and human macrophages. IL-6 is a requirement in host resistance to Mtb infection. IFN- γ , TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-17 are participants in Mycobacterium-induced granuloma formation. Other regulating proteins as IL-27 and IL-10 can prevent extensive immunopathology. CXCL 8 enhances the capacity of the neutrophil to kill Mtb . CXCL13 and CCL19 have been identified as participants in the formation of granuloma and control the Mtb infection. Treg cells are increased in patients with active tuberculosis （TB） but decrease with anti-TB treatment. The increment of these cells causes down- regulation of adaptive immune response facilitating the persistence of the bacterial infection. Predominance of Th2 phenotype cytokines increases the severity of TB. The evolution of the Mtb infection will depend of the cytokines network and of the infuence of other factors aforementioned.

关键词： Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Strains Virulence Host genetic Immune response T lymphocytes Cytokines

Helicobacter pylori and corpus gastric pathology are associated with lower serum ghrelin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第3期24卷 397-407页

作者： Paula Mantero Gonzalo Sebastián Matus Rodolfo Ernesto Corti Ana María Cabanne gerardo Gabriel Zerbetto de Palma Liliana Marchesi Olid María Marta Piskorz Marcela Beatriz Zubillaga Mariana Andrea Janjetic Cinthia Gabriela Goldman Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaCátedra de FísicaBuenos Aires C1113AADArgentina Hospital de Gastroenterología“Dr.Carlos Bonorino Udaondo” Sección Esófago-EstómagoBuenos Aires C1264AAAArgentina Hospital de Gastroenterología"Dr.Carlos Bonorino Udaondo” Unidad PatologíaBuenos Aires C1264AAAArgentina Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Facultad de MedicinaInstituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica(IMPAM)Buenos Aires C1121ABGArgentina Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de MedicinaEscuela de NutriciónBuenos Aires C1121ABGArgentina Hospital de Clínicas“Joséde San Martín” División GastroenterologíaBuenos Aires C1120AARArgentina National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina

AIM To evaluate the association of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori), cag A genotype, and type of gastric pathology with ghrelin, leptin and nutritional *** Fasted dyspeptic adults(18-70 years) referred for an upper digestive endoscopy were enrolled in this crosssectional study. Height and weight were assessed for body mass index(BMI) calculation. A sociodemographic survey was administered and nutrient intake was evaluated with 24 h dietary recalls. Serum total ghrelin and leptin levels were analyzed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. 13 C-Urea Breath Test was performed and four gastric biopsies were obtained during endoscopy for histopathology and H. pylori DNA amplification and genotyping. Data analysis was performed using χ2, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman's correlation and linear *** One hundred and sixty-three patients(40.8 ± 14.0 years), 98/65 females/males, were included. Overall, persistent H. pylori prevalence was 53.4%(95%CI: 45.7%-65.8%). Neither nutrient intake nor BMI differed significantly between H. pylori positive and negative groups. Serum ghrelin was significantly lower in infected patients [median 311.0 pg/m L(IQR 230.0-385.5)] than in uninfected ones [median 355.0 pg/m L(IQR 253.8-547.8)](P = 0.025), even after adjusting for BMI and gender(P = 0.03). Ghrelin levels tended to be lower in patients carrying cag A positive strains both in the antrum and the corpus; however, differences with those carrying cag A negative strains did not reach statistical significance(P = 0.50 and P = 0.49, respectively). In addition, the type and severity of gastric pathology in the corpus was associated with lower serum ghrelin(P = 0.04), independently of *** status. Conversely, leptin levels did not differ significantly between infected and uninfected patients [median 1.84 ng/m L(0.80-4.85) vs 1.84 ng/m L(0.50-5.09),(P = 0.51)]. CONCLUSION H. pylori infection and severity of gastric corpus pathology are associated with l

关键词： Helicobacter pylori cagA Ghrelin Leptin Pathology

Origami-inspired perovskite X-ray detector by printing and folding

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npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 471-478页

作者： Henning Mescher Fabian Schackmar Robert Huber Helge Eggers Marcus Zuber Elias Hamann Georg Gramlich Julian Dangelmaier Qiaoshuang Zhang Andres Georg Rösch Thomas Zwick gerardo Hernandez-Sosa Ulrich W.Paetzold Uli Lemmer Light Technology Institute(LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe 76131Germany Institute of Microstructure Technology(IMT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany InnovationLab(IL) Heidelberg 69115Germany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation(IPS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation(LAS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe 76131Germany Institute of Radio Frequency Engineering and Electronics(IHE) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe 76131Germany

X-ray detectors are of pivotal importance for the scientific and technological progress in a wide range of medical,industrial,and scientific ***,we take advantage of the printability of perovskite-based semiconductors and achieve a high X-ray sensitivity combined with the potential of an exceptional high spatial resolution by our origami-inspired folded perovskite X-ray *** high performance of our device is reached solely by the folded detector architecture and does not require any *** design and fabrication of a foldable perovskite sensor array is presented and the detector is characterized as a planar and as a folded *** to 50 kVp−150 kVp X-ray radiation,the planar detector reaches X-ray sensitivities of 25−35μC/(Gyaircm^(2)),whereas the folded detector achieves remarkably increased X-ray sensitivities of several hundredμC/(Gyaircm^(2))and a record value of 1409μC/(Gyaircm^(2))at 150 kVp without photoconductive ***,the potential of an exceptional high spatial resolution of the folded detector of more than 20 lp/mm under 150 kVp X-ray radiation is demonstrated.

关键词： perovskite exceptional planar

Sensitivity,specificity and predictive values of anterior chamber tap in cases of bacterial endophthalmitis

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 100-105页

作者： Carl Sjoholm-Gomez de Liano Vidal F.Soberon-Ventura Guillermo Salcedo-Villanueva Abril Santos-Palacios Jose Luis Guerrero-Naranjo Jans Fromow-Guerra gerardo García-Aguirre Virgilio Morales-Canton Raul Velez-Montoya Retina Department Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en MexicoHospital“Dr.Luis Sanchez Bulnes”IAPMexico CityMexico Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla PueblaMexico Ophthalmology Department Macula Retina ConsultantsMexico CityMexico

Background:To assess the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of anterior chamber tap for the diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis on a population with high ***:Retrospective,single centre,case series *** reviewed all medical records with clinical diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis in our hospital from January 1st,2000 to December 31st *** each record,we documented general demographic data,best corrected visual acuity and vitreous and aqueous tap microbiological *** cases were further divided according to the endophthalmitis aetiology to perform individual calculations of sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy and *** used the results of the vitreous tap as the gold standard for diagnosis of bacterial *** excluded those records in which the aqueous and vitreous samples were not taken simultaneously or had an incomplete microbiological *** were assessed with chi squared statistics,with an alpha value of 0.05 for statistical ***:A total of 190 cases fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion *** culture rate from vitreous samples was 64.74%.Positive culture rate from aqueous sample was 32.11%.Bacteria isolated from aqueous samples matched those isolated from vitreous samples 78.68%of the *** overall sensitivity was 38.21%,specificity:75.51%,positive predictive value:79.66%,negative predictive value:32.74%(p=0.08).Subgroup analysis showed that anterior chamber taps in cases of post-surgical endophthalmitis had a moderate to low sensitivity(37.73%),high specificity(93%)and high positive predictive value(95%)(p<0.04).Conclusion:The sensitivity and specificity of anterior chamber tap are low and should not be used for critical therapeutic decisions in patients with suspected bacterial *** cases of post-surgical endophthalmitis,the result of an anterior chamber tap

关键词： Aqueous humour Endophthalmitis Anterior chamber tap Diagnostic test Vitreous tap Aqueous sampling Sensibility Sensitivity

Effects of Feeding Combinations of Soybean and Linseed Oils on Productive Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 984-1002页

作者： Liliana Elisabet Antonacci gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Adriana Virginia Cano Claudio Adrián Bernal Area de Produccion Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria Balcarce Argentina Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences Litoral National University Santa Fe Argentina

Thirty-six grazing dairy cows were used to determine the effect of combinations of soybean (SO), and linseed (LO) oils on milk production, composition and milk fatty acid (FA) profile. Treatments were a basal control diet (56% pasture, 44% concentrate) or the control diet supplemented with oils at 4% of estimated total dry matter (DM) intake. Oils were manually mixed to the concentrate in pure forms (SO100 or LO100) or in blends (%w/w) at SO75 - LO25, SO50 - LO50 and SO25 - LO75. Concentrate and oils were thoroughly consumed. Pasture intake (kg DM/cow·day) was 9.27 in control and decreased (p p p trans-9 C18:1 and trans-10 C18:1 FA.

关键词： Grazing Dairy Cow Conjugated Linoleic Acid Soybean Oil Linseed Oil

Productive Response of Dairy Cows Fed with Different Levels of Totally Mixed Ration and Pasture

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 824-851页

作者： Eloy Eduardo Salado Gustavo Bretschneider Alejandra Cuatrin Adriana María Descalzo gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Rafaela Argentina Agencia de Extensión Rural Necochea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Necochea Argentina Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos(ITA) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Castelar Argentina

Forty multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (66 ± 19 days) were assigned to one of four treatments that consisted in different ratios of total mixed rations (TMR) and pasture at 100% TMR (T0), 75:25 (T1) 50:50 (T2) and 25:75 (T3) over 9 weeks in autumn-winter. Measures of rumen parameters and digestion were performed on 4 additional Holstein cows in late lactation (287 days postpartum) fitted with permanent ruminal fistulae and producing 22.6 (±5.4) kg milk in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. In T1 to T3 cows were taken to the grazing plot once they finished the pre-planned TMR intake and pasture was offered at 2 times the expected forage DM intake. Milk was analyzed for chemical composition, milk fatty acid (FA) profile and antioxidant compounds. The cows were individually weighed and body condition score (BCS) was determined. After the morning milking, blood samples were taken every 2 weeks and plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). Herbage mass in pre grazing strips of pasture averaged 2540 ± 343 kg DM/ha. As TMR intake increased, production variables increased linearly excepting milk fat (3.88 g/100g) and milk protein (3.43 g/100g) contents that were not affected. Milk yield (kg/cow/d) resulted maximal in T0 (34.2) and linearly decreased (p 3-N concentration resulted higher in treatments with higher proportion of pasture. Kinetic parameters of DM and NDF digestion from pasture or corn silage were not affected. Milk FA profile and milk antioxidant quality showed unfavorably changes as TMR increased by a decrease in rumenic and linolenic acids and content of antioxidant vitamins, without effect on the atherogenicity index. Results suggested a depressing effect of the pasture on total DM and energy intake probably explained by qualitative deficiencies chemical composition of the forage and/or factors that affect animal behavior that may induce losses in body c

关键词： Dairy Cow Milk Production Partial Mixed Rations

Milk Yield and Composition and Pasture Ruminal Digestion in Grazing Dairy Cows Receiving Three Levels of Energy Concentrate Supplementation

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 1135-1156页

作者： Eloy Eduardo Salado Gustavo Bretschneider Alejandra Cuatrin Adriana María Descalzo gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Rafaela Argentina Agencia de Extensión Rural Necochea Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Necochea Argentina LABINTEX-EUROPA-INTAPersyst UMR QUALISUD-Batiment 16-Bureau 340 Montpellier France Area de Investigación en Producción Animal Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Balcarce Argentina

The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding three levels (T3.5, T7.0 and T10.5) of energy concentrate (3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 kg cow-1 day-1) on total dry matter (DM) and energy intakes, milk yield and composition, nutritional value of milk and rumen pasture neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion in grazing dairy cows. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (70.2 ± 13 days postpartum) producing 37.1 (±4.7) kg of milk were assigned to a 3 treatments (7 cows/treatment) × 3 periods Latin square design. Parameters of ruminal environment and pasture NDF degradation were obtained using 3 additional cows of the same breed fitted with rumen cannulae. On a wet basis, concentrate was composed by corn grain (68%), soybean meal (22%), wheat bran (8%) and a vitamin-mineral nucleus with monensin. Pasture (Medicago sativa, sp) was used in a rotational grazing system with an herbage allowance of 30 kg DM cow-1 d-1. Yield (kg cow-1 d-1) of fat corrected milk (4% FCM) resulted higher (p < 0.05) in T7.0 (29.0) compared to T3.5 (26.8) but similar to T10.5 (30.2). Milk and protein yields were linearly increased (p < 0.01) by concentrate intake. Milk fat (3.13 g/100g) and total solid contents (11.79 g/100g) did not differ whereas milk protein (p < 0.03) and casein (p < 0.01) levels (g/100g) increased linearly from 3.05 to 3.10 (protein) and from 2.42 to 2.47 (casein). Pasture intake decreased but total DM and energy consumption were enhanced showing addition effects after concentrate feeding. Body weight (BW) loss and plasmatic levels of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) decreased with concentrate intake. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were higher (p < 0.05) in T10.5 while those of glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, insulin and somatotrophin were not affected. Ruminal pH and acetate concentration resulted lower (p < 0.05) in T10.5 when compared to T3.5. The acetate:propionate ratio decreased (p < 0.01) from 4.25 in T3.5 to 3

关键词： Grazing Dairy Cows Milk Yield Concentrate Supplementation Rumen Digestion

Effects of Partial Mixed Rations on Production, Composition and Nutritional Value of Milk in Lactating Dairy Cows in Temperate Region of Argentina

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 852-872页

作者： gerardo Antonio Gagliostro Giovanni Alexander Quilaguy-Ayure Liliana Elisabet Antonacci Carlos Alberto Cangiano Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Balcarce Area de Producción Animal Balcarce Argentina Posgrado en Producción Animal Unidad Integrada Balcarce INTA-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Balcarce Argentina

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing an oat winter pasture with a total mixed ration (TMR) on lactation performance of dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three TMR: pasture ratios at 79:21 (T1), 58:42 (T2) and 33:67 (T3) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The response to the 100% TMR diet (TMR-100) was tested using an extra period of 14 days inmediately after finishing the Latin square schedule using the nine experimental cows. Total DM intake resulted higher in TMR-100 (28.2 (kg/cow·day) and decreased by 2.64 kg/cow·day in T1, 5.02 kg in T2 and 6.68 kg in T3. Yields of milk (31.2 kg/cow·day) and fat corrected milk (26.8 kg/cow·day) was similar between T1, T2 and T3. Milk yield resulted higher in TMR-100 (32.1 kg/cow·day) compared to T2 (30.7 kg/cow·day). Milk fat concentration (g/100 g) was higher in T2 (3.13) and T3 (3.20) compared to T1 (2.96) and TMR-100 (2.85) and milk fat yield did not differ. Milk protein content resulted higher in TMR-100 and T2 averaging 3.37 g/100 g compared to T1 (3.32 g/100 g). The lowest milk protein concentration was observed in T3 (3.29 g/100 g) that resulted only different to T2. Milk protein yield did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 averaging 1.03 kg/cow·day. A lower protein yield was detected in T2 (1.03) and T3 (1.00) when compared to TMR-100 (1.07). Efficiency of milk production (kg milk/kg DM intake) resulted higher in T3 (1.42) compared to T1 (1.25). Treatments that included pasture yielded a higher efficiency of milk production when compared to TMR-100 (1.13). Plasma urea concentration resulted lower in TMR-100 (33.8 mg/dl) with no significant differences for this parameter between the other treatments. Glucose plasma levels did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 but plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) gradually increased as the proportion of pasture was enhanced according to the lower energy intake. Plasma insulin levels were higher in TMR-100 and

关键词： Lactating Dairy Cows Milk Production Pasture Total Mixed Rations

Doha Round： The Environment and Agricultural and Biofuels Markets

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Sociology Study 2012年第2期2卷 107-119页

作者： Joaquín Flores-Paredes gerardo Sánchez-Ambriz Guadalupe Calderón-Martínez National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Departamento de Ciencias Sociales

The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. In addition, the use of some grains as inputs in the production of biofuels, has contributed to the price increase in foods, although this production is an alternative to fossil fuels use and can help to reduce further environmental degradation. In this paper we analyze the main variables to be taken into account when negotiating the liberalization of agricultural trade, but also ofbiofuels in the context of Doha Round.

关键词： Doha Round agricultural world market liberalization biofuels environment