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Reevaluating health metrics:Unraveling the limitations of disabilityadjusted life years as an indicator in disease burden assessment

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 14-19页

作者： Ariel Beresniak Dominique Bremond-Gignac Danielle Dupont gerard Duru Data Mining International Geneva 1216Switzerland Department of Ophtalmology Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalAP-HPParis-CitéUniversityINSERMUMRS1138Team 17From Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases to Clinical DevelopmentSorbonne Paris CitéUniversityCentre de Recherche des CordeliersParis 75015France Data Mining America Montreal H2YCanada

In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel *** DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability *** review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its *** contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability *** to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and *** DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international *** widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible *** the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is *** reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.

关键词： Disability adjusted life years Cost-utility analyses Outcome research Public health Burden of disease

Sexual dimorphism across 3 stages of development in polygynous Artiodactyls is not affected by maternal care

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 513-520页

作者： gerard DUBOST Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle EGB-UMR 7204 Menagerie Du Jardin Des Plantes 57 Rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France

In polygynous mammals, mature males are usually much heavier than females. Competition for females is intense, and few males reproduce. Given the importance of the male＇s body size for the reproduction and social life of these species, levels of sexual dimorphism were studied in 27 species of polygynous terrestrial cetartiodactyls at the 3 most significant stages of development： birth, 6 months of age, and adulthood. Overall, there were 3 different types of changes in male-to-female （M/F） mass ratios between birth and adulthood, corresponding to the 3 categories of adult dimorphism. The change in mass ratio between birth and 6 months of age was inversely correlated to the degree of dimorphism at birth. Most adult dimorphism was acquired after weaning. On the whole, postnatal maternal care seems to have no or even an inverse effect on the evolution of dimorphism, which is apparently not consistent with the assumption of greater maternal investment in male than in female offspring among polygynous mammals.

关键词： polygynous terrestrial cetartiodactyls sexual dimorphism variations.

Integrative Oncology Meets Immunotherapy:New Prospects for Combination Therapy grounded in Eastern Medical Knowledge

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2012年第9期18卷 652-662页

作者： gerard Bodeker Global Initiative for Traditional Systems(GIFTS) of Health OxfordUK Nuffield Department of Medicine and Department of Primary Health Care University of OxfordUK Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA

As cancer rates rise globally, standard care is being questioned; new approaches involving immune therapies are emerging. With this shift comes a corresponding shift in the use and potential of herbal medicines and extracts. The focus of this article, which has evolved from a presentation at the Second Beijing International Symposium on Integrative Medicine （BISIM May 19-20, 2012）, is particularly on Chinese medicine, but is generalizable to Eastern medicine morebroadly and to other herbal traditions. Until recently, herbal and related treatments have been used as adjuvants to conventional care - for reducing side-effects, enhancing cytotoxicity, and sometimes, undesirably counteracting the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation. Now, in the context of a new class of immune-based cancer therapies, herbal and other complementary modalities are looked at asenhancers of the body＇s immunity.

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A grid-friendly Neighborhood Energy Trading Mechanism

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第5期10卷 1349-1357页

作者： Anula Abeygunawardana Aaron Liu gerard Ledwich Queensl and University of Technology BrisbaneAustralia IEEE

More customers are tending to install batteries with photovoltaic(PV), so they can better control their electricity bills. In this context, customers may be tempted to go offgrid at a substantial up-front cost, leading electricity companies into a death spiral, thereby raising electricity price further on those remaining on grid. Neighborhood energy markets can promote the sharing of locally generated renewable energy and encourage prosumers to stay on grid with financial incentives. A novel neighborhood energy trading(NET) mechanism is developed using the topology of existing radial distribution network to encourage sustainable energy sharing in neighborhood and encourage prosumers to stay on grid. This mechanism considers loss, congestion management, and voltage regulation, and it is scalable with low computation and communication *** IEEE test system is used to validate the NET *** simulation shows that the price and flow results are obtained with fast computation speed(within 10 iterations) and with loss reflected, flow limit reinforced, and voltage *** study proves that the economic demand-supply-based pricing mechanism can be applied effectively in distribution networks to help encourage more renewable energy sharing in sustainable neighborhood and avoid energy network death spiral.

关键词： Direct power flow directional adjacency local energy market peer-to-peer prosumer solar community sustainable building transdisciplinary research

Arnie Levine and the MDM2-p53 discovery:a postdoctoral fellow's perspective

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第7期11卷 620-623页

作者： gerard P.Zambetti Department of Pathology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital262 Danny Thomas PlaceMemphisTN 38105USA

It was early 1990 that we had gathered at Arnie Levine's home for dinner to celebrate the transition of several postdoctoral fellows to faculty positions in *** a new postdoctoral fellow in his lab,I was thrilled to have the opportunity to spend some personal time with *** were discussing the paradigm shift made by his group a year earlier that p53 is a tumour suppressor (Finlay et at.,1989) and not an on cogene,as origi nally thought for a decade after its original discovery (Lane and Crawford,1979;Linzer and Levine,1979).

关键词： dinner group time

Comment on "Vortex of Fluid Field as Viewed from Curvature" [Commun. Theor. Phys. 43 (2005) 604]

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2010年第1期53卷 43-44页

作者： Blas Herrera gerard Fortuny Departament d'Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Here, we make comments to the conclusions of the paper： LIU Shi-Da, Sill Shao-Ying, LIU Shi-Kuo, et al., ＂Vortex of Fluid Field as Viewed from Curvature＂ [Commun. Theor. Phys. 43 （2005） 604].

关键词： curvature vortex

A TWO-grID METHOD FOR THE C^0 INTERIOR PENALTY DISCRETIZATION OF THE MONGE-AMPERE EQUATION

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2020年第4期38卷 547-564页

作者： gerard Awanou Hengguang Li Eric Malitz Department of Mathematics Statisticsand Computer ScienceM/C 249.University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA Department of Mathematics Wayne State University656 W.KirbyDetroitMI 48202USA Department of Mathematics DePaul UniversityChicagoIL 60614USA

The purpose of this paper is to analyze an efficient method for the solution of the nonlinear system resulting from the discretization of the elliptic Monge-Ampere equation by a C0 interior penalty method with Lagrange finite *** consider the two-grid method for nonlinear equations which consists in solving the discrete nonlinear system on a coarse mesh and using that solution as initial guess for one iteration of Newton’s method on a finer *** both steps are *** give quasi-optimal W1,1 error estimates for the discretization and estimate the difference between the interior penalty solution and the two-grid numerical *** experiments confirm the computational efficiency of the approach compared to Newton’s method on the fine mesh.

关键词： Two-grid discretization Interior penalty method Finite element Monge-Ampere

Seasonal exports of phosphorus from intensively fertilised nested grassland catchments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1847-1857页

作者： Ciaran Lewis Rashad Rafique Nelius Foley Paul Leahy gerard Morgan John Albertson Sandeep Kumar gerard Kiely Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University College Cork Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of Oklahoma Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Aquatic Services Unit Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Department of Plant Science South Dakota State University

We carried out a one year （2002） study of phosphorus （P） loss from soil to water in three nested grassland catchments with known P input in chemical fertilizer and animal liquid slurry applications. Chemical fertilizer was applied to the grasslands between March and September and animal slurry was applied over the twelve months. The annual chemical P fertilizer applications for the 17 and 211 ha catchments were 16.4 and 23.7 kg P/ha respectively and the annual slurry applications were 10.7 and 14.0 kg P/ha, respectively. The annual total phosphorus （TP） export in stream-flow was 2.61, 2.48 and 1.61 kg P/ha for the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchments, respectively, compared with a maximum permissible （by regulation） annual export of ca. 0.35 kg P/ha. The export rate （ratio of P export to P in land applications） was 9.6% and 6.6% from the 17 and 211 ha catchments, respectively. On average, 70% of stream flow and 85% of the P export occurred during the five wet months （October to February） indicating that when precipitation is much greater than evaporation, the hydrological conditions are most favourable for P export. However the soil quality and land use history may vary the results. Particulate P made up 22%, 43% and 37% of the TP export at the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchment areas, respectively. As the chemical fertilizer was spread during the grass growth months （March to September）, it has less immediate impact on stream water quality than the slurry applications. We also show that as the catchment scale increases, the P concentrations and P export decrease, confirming dilution due to increasing rural catchment size. In the longer term, the excess P from fertilizer maintains high soil P levels, an antecedent condition favourable to P loss from soil to water. This study confirms the significant negative water quality impact of excess P applications, particularly liquid animal slurry applications in wet winter months. The findings suggest that restricted P application in w

关键词： phosphorus fertilizer slurry exports grassland land management water quality eutrophication

Using relief texture for interactive and tangible virtual environments

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第12期9卷 1656-1665页

作者： Junae KIM Seonhyung SHIN gerard Jounghyun KIM Digital Contents Division Electronic and Telecommunications Research InstituteDaejon 305-700 Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 136-713 Korea

This paper first introduces a way to improve interactivity with high polygon count virtual objects through the "mixed" use of image-based representation within one object. That is, both 3D polygonal and image-based representations are maintained for an object, and switched for rendering depending on the functional requirement of the object. Furthermore, in order to reduce the popping effect and provide smooth and gradual transition during the object representation switch, the object is subdivided with the subdivided parts possibly represented differently, i.e., using 3D models or images. As for the image-based representation, the relief texture (RT) method is used. In particular, through the use of the mixed representation, a new way called TangibleScreen is pro-posed to provide object tangibility by associating the image-based representation with a physical prop (projecting the RTs) in a selective and flexible way. Overall, the proposed method provides a way to maintain an interactive frame rate with selective perceptual details in a large-scale virtual environment, while allowing the user to interact with virtual objects in a tangible way.

关键词： Relief texture (RT) Image-based modeling Tangible interaction Virtual environment