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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 69-76页

作者： Xi Lu Guoqing Li Jing Pang Xinyi Yang Colette Cywes-bentley Xuefu You gerald b.pier beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

The b-1-6-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine(PNAG)polymer is a conserved surface polysaccharide produced by many bacteria,fungi,and protozoan(and even filarial)*** wide-ranging expression makes PNAG an attractive target for vaccine development,as it potentially encompasses a broad range of *** progress has been made in discovering important properties of the biology of PNAG expression in recent *** molecular characterization and regulation of operons for the production of PNAG biosynthetic proteins and enzymes have been studied in many *** addition,the physiological function of PNAG has been further ***-based vaccines and PNAG-targeting antibodies have shown great efficacy in preclinical ***,clinical tests for both vaccines and antibodies have been carried out in humans and economically important animals,and the results are *** it is not destined to be a smooth road,we are optimistic about new vaccines and immunotherapeutics targeting PNAG becoming validated and eventually licensed for clinical use against multiple infectious agents.

关键词： Poly-N-acetylglucosamine Conjugate vaccine Monoclonal antibody

Role of glioma stem cells in promoting tumor chemo- and radioresistance: A systematic review of potential targeted treatments

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 604-614页

作者： Edoardo Agosti Marco Zeppieri Mattia Ghidoni Tamara Ius Alessandro Tel Marco Maria Fontanella pier Paolo Panciani Division of Neurosurgery Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Neurosurgery Unit Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

bACKGROUND Gliomas pose a significant challenge to effective treatment despite advancements in chemotherapy and *** stem cells(GSCs),a subset within tumors,contribute to resistance,tumor heterogeneity,and *** studies reveal GSCs’role in therapeutic resistance,driven by DNA repair mechanisms and dynamic transitions between cellular *** mechanisms can involve different cellular pathways,most of which have been recently reported in the *** progress,targeted therapeutic approaches lack consensus due to GSCs’high *** To analyze targeted therapies against GSC-mediated resistance to radio-and chemotherapy in gliomas,focusing on underlying *** A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases(PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library)up to September 30,*** search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords related to including“glioma stem cells”,“radiotherapy”,“chemotherapy”,“resistance”,and“targeted therapies”.Studies included in this review were publications focusing on targeted therapies against the molecular mechanism of GSC-mediated re-sistance to radiotherapy resistance(RTR).RESULTS In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI,452 papers were initially identified,with 203 chosen for full-text *** them,201 were deemed eligible after excluding 168 for various *** temporal breakdown of studies illustrates this trend:2005-2010(33.3%),2011-2015(36.4%),and 2016-2022(30.3%).Key GSC models,particularly U87(33.3%),U251(15.2%),and T98G(15.2%),emerge as significant in research,reflecting their representativeness of glioma *** analysis indicates a focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase b/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)(27.3%)and Notch(12.1%)pathways,suggesting their crucial roles in resistance *** molecules with mTOR(18.2%),CHK1/2(15.2%),and ATP binding cassette

关键词： Glioma stem cells Chemoresistance Radioresistance Molecular pathways Targeted therapies Systematic review

Current status and future perspectives on stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 189-209页

作者： Edoardo Agosti Marco Zeppieri Andrea Pagnoni Marco Maria Fontanella Alessandro Fiorindi Tamara Ius pier Paolo Panciani Division of Neurosurgery Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciencesand Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123BSItaly Neurosurgery Unit Head-Neck and NeuroScience DepartmentUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

bACKGROUND Previous assessments of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries(SCI)have encountered challenges and *** research primarily emphasizes safety in early-phase clinical trials,while systematic reviews prioritize effectiveness,often overlooking safety and translational *** situation prompts inquiries regarding the readiness for clinical *** To offer an up-to-date systematic literature review of clinical trial results concerning stem cell therapy for *** A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases[PubMed,Embase,Reference Citation Analysis(RCA),and Cochrane Library]up to October 14,*** search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading(MeSH)terms and keywords related to"spinal cord","injury","clinical trials","stem cells","functional outcomes",and"adverse events".Studies included in this review consisted of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials reporting on the use of stem cell therapies for the treatment of *** In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI,496 papers were initially identified,with 237 chosen for full-text *** them,236 were deemed eligible after excluding 170 for various *** studies encompassed 1086 patients with varying SCI levels,with cervical injuries being the most common(42.2%).bone marrow stem cells were the predominant stem cell type used(71.1%),with various administration ***-up durations averaged around 84.4 *** 32.7%of patients showed functional improvement from American spinal injury association Impairment Scale(AIS)A to b,40.8%from AIS A to C,5.3%from AIS A to D,and 2.1%from AIS b to *** improvements were observed in 30.9%of patients.A relatively small number of adverse events were recorded,including fever(15.1%),headaches(4.3%),muscle tension(3.1%),and dizziness(2.6%),highlighting the potential for SCI recovery with stem cell *** In

关键词： Spinal cord injury Stem cell therapy Adverse events Functional outcomes Systematic review

Eye on the Sky: A UAP Research and Field Study off New York’s Long Island Coast

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2267-2295页

作者： John Joseph Tedesco gerald Thomas Tedesco Harvard Universitys Galileo Project Independent Research Affiliate Cambridge USA Consortium for The Scientific Understanding of Natures Mysteries Holbrook USA Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Washington USA American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientist Annapolis USA Independent Researcher Holbrook USA

A ten-month field research study was meticulously conducted at Robert Moses State Park (RMSP) on the south shore of Long Island, NY. The objective was to determine if aerial phenomena of an unknown nature exist over a coastal location and to characterize their properties and behaviors. Primary and secondary field observation methods were utilized in this data-centric study. Forensic engineering principles and methodologies guided the study. The challenges set forward were object detection, observation, and characterization, where multispectral electro-optical devices and radar were employed due to limited visual acuity and intermittent presentation of the phenomena. The primary means of detection utilized a 3 cm X-band radar operating in two scan geometries, the X- and Y-axis. Multispectral electro-optical devices were utilized as a secondary means of detection and identification. Data was emphasized using HF and LF detectors and spectrum analyzers incorporating EM, ultrasonic, magnetic, and RF field transducers to record spectral data in these domains. Data collection concentrated on characterizing VIS, NIR, SWIR, LWIR, UVA, UVb, UVC, and the higher energy spectral range of ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, and X-ray) recorded by Geiger-Müller counters as well as special purpose semiconductor diode sensors.

关键词： Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon (UAP) Forensic Techno-Signatures Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Multispectral Electro-Optical (MEO) Ultraviolet A Radiation (UVA) Ultraviolet b Radiation (UVb) Ultraviolet C Radiation (UVC) Visible (VIS) Near-Infrared (NIR) Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) Low-Frequency (LF) High-Frequency (HF) Radio-Frequency (RF) Alpha beta Gamma Ultrasonic X-band Active Radar Kinematics Aerodynamics Luminous Spheroids Robert Moses State Park (RMSP)

Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer browse Forage Cropping Systems

Legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGM) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGM increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-biomass Sorghum Legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

Optical coherence tomography in detection of dysplasia and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and bilio-pancreatic ductal system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第42期14卷 6444-6452页

作者： pier Alberto Testoni benedetto Mangiavillano Division of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Milan 20132 Italy

Optical coherence tomography(OCT) is an optical imaging modality that performs high-resolution,cross-sectional,subsurface tomographic imaging of the microstructure of *** physical principle of OCT is similar to that of b-mode ultrasound imaging,except that it uses infrared light waves rather than acoustic *** in vivo resolution is 10-25 times better(about 10 μm) than with high-frequency ultrasound imaging,but the depth of penetration is limited to 1-3 mm,depending upon tissue structure,depth of focus of the probe used,and pressure applied to the tissue *** the last decade,OCT technology has evolved from an experimental laboratory tool to a new diagnostic imaging modality with a wide spectrum of clinical applications in medical practice,including the gastrointestinal(GI) tract and pancreatic-biliary ductal *** imaging from the GI tract can be done in humans by using narrow-diameter,catheter-based probes that can be inserted through the accessory channel of either a conventional front-view endoscope,for investigating the epithelial structure of the GI tract,or a side-view endoscope,inside a standard transparent ERCP catheter,for investigating the pancreatico-biliary ductal *** and the esophago-gastric junction has been the most widely investigated organ so far;more recently,also duodenum,colon and pancreatico-biliary ductal system have been extensively *** imaging of the gastro-intestinal wall structure is characterized by a multiple-layer architecture that permits an accurate evaluation of the mucosa,lamina propria,muscularis mucosae,andpart of the *** technique may be,therefore,used to identify pre-neoplastic conditions of the GI tract,such as barrett's epithelium and dysplasia,and evaluate the depth of penetration of early-stage neoplastic *** imaging of the pancreatic and biliary ductal system could improve the diagnostic accuracy for ductal epithelial changes and the differential diagnosis be

关键词： Optical coherence tomography barrett'sepithelium Dysplasia Adenocarcinoma Gastrointestinal tract Pancreatico-biliary ductal system

Synthesis of Acrylonitriles via Mild base Promoted Tandem Nucleophilic Substitution-Isomerization ofα-Cyanohydrin Methanesulfonates

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第4期39卷 913-917页

作者： Shiwen Liu Lingling Meng Xiaojun Zeng gerald b.Hammond bo Xu College of Textiles and Clothing&Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYanchengJiangsu 224003China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghuo UniversityShanghai 201620China Department of Chemistry University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentucky 40292United States

Main observation and conclusion We have developed an efficient synthesis of acrylonitriles via mild base promoted tandem nucleophilic substitution-isomerization ofα-cyanohydrin methanesulfonates with alkenylboronic *** transition metal-free protocol works under simple and mild conditions and offers good chemical yields for a wide range of substrates and demonstrates good functional group tolerance.

关键词： Acrylonitriles Nucleophilic substitution Isomerization α-Cyanohydrin methanesulfonates Alkenyl boronic acids

Geochemistry of fine-grained sediments of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group(Austria,Slovakia):Implications for paleoenvironmental and provenance studies

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第4期4卷 449-468页

作者： gerald Hofer Michael Wagreich Stephanie Neuhuber Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology.University of Vienna

bulk rock geochemistry of 169 fine-grained sediment samples of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group （Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria and Slovakia） fiom borehole and outcrop localities was performed to separate non-marine and marine deposits. Geochemical characteristics of different Gosau depositional systems, basins and sediment provenance using major-, trace-, and rare earth elements were also investigated. Geochemical proxies such as boron concentrations were tested for seeking the possibilities of paleosalinity indicators. Due to the [act that several pelagic sections are represented by extremely low boron contents, b/AI＊ ratios are recognized as more robust and differentiate reliably between marine （mean： 160 ± 34） and non-marine （mean： 133 ± 33） samples. Using statistical factor analysis, hemipelagic to pelagic samples flom the Gieghi_ibl Syncline and Slovakian equivalents can be differentiated from marginal-marine to non-marine samples from the Grtinbach and Glinzendorf Syncline related to terrigenous （SiO2, AI203, K20, Th, Rb, Zr and others） and pelagic indicative elements （CaO, St, TOT/C and b/AI＊）. A clear indication for ophiolitic provenance is traced by high amounts of chromium and nickel. Only non-marine successions of the Glinzendorf Syncline show higher Cr and Ni concentrations （up to 250 and 400 ppm, respectively） and enriched Cr/V and Y/Ni ratios trending to an ultramafic source.

关键词： Gosau GroupGeochemistryPre-Neogene Vienna basinboronFactor analysisProvenance

Integration of hepatitis b virus DNA into chromosomal DNA during acute hepatitis b

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第41期11卷 6416-6421页

作者： gerald C Kimbi Anna Kramvis Michael C Kew MRC/University Molecular Hepatology Research Unit Department of Medicine University of the WitwatersrandParktown 2193JohannesburgSouth Africa

AIM： To examine the serum from black African patients with acute hepatitis b to ascertain if integrants of viral DNA can be detected in fragments of cellular DNA leaking from damaged hepatocytes into the circulation. METHODS： DNA was extracted from the sera of five patients with uncomplicated acute hepatitis b and one with fulminant disease. Two subgenomic PCRs designed to amplify the complete genome of HbV were used and the resulting amplicons were cloned and sequenced. RESULTS： HbV and chromosomal DNA were amplified from the sera of all the patients. In one patient with uncomplicated disease, HbV DNA was integrated into host chromosome 7 q11.23 in the WbSCR1 gene. The viral DNA comprised 200 nucleotides covering the S and X genes in opposite orientation, with a 1 169 nucleotide deletion. The right virus/host junction was situated at nucleotide 1 774 in the cohesive overlap region of the viral genome, at a preferred topoisomerase I cleavage motif. The chromosomal DNA was not rearranged. The patient made a full recovery and seroconverted to anti-Hbs- and anti-Hbe-positivity. Neither HbV nor chromosomal DNA could be amplified from his serum at that time. CONCLUSION： Integration of viral DNA into chromosomal DNA may occur rarely during acute hepatitis b and, with clonal propagation of the integrant, might play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis.

关键词： Hepatocellular Chronic hepatitis b infection Clonal propagation