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Rhubarb extract partially improves mucosal integrity in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第37期22卷 8322-8333页

作者： Juliana E Bajic georgina l.eden lorrinne S lampton Ker Y Cheah Kerry A lymn Jinxin V Pei Andrea J Yool Gordon S Howarth Discipline of Physiology Faculty of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineThe University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005Australia School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthy Campus 5371Australia Gastroenterology Department Women's and Children's HospitalNorth Adelaide 5006 Australia 2nd Gastroenterology Department Women's and Children's HospitalNorth Adelaide 5006 Australia 2nd School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide Roseworthy Campus 5371Australia 3rd Gastroenterology Department Women's and Children's HospitalNorth Adelaide 5006 Australia 4th Women's and Children's Health Research Institute Women's and Children's HospitalNorth Adelaide 5006Australia

AIM To investigate the effects of orally gavaged aqueous rhubarb extract(RE) on 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis in rats. METHODS Female Dark Agouti rats(n = 8/group) were gavaged daily(1 ml) with water, high-dose RE(HDR; 200 mg/kg) or low-dose RE(lDR; 20mg/kg) for eight days. Intestinal mucositis was induced(day 5) with 5-FU(150 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. Intestinal tissue samples were collected for myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity and histological examination. Xenopus oocytes expressing aquaporin 4 water channels were prepared to examine the effect of aqueous RE on cell volume, indicating a potential mechanism responsible for modulating net fluid absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. Statistical significance was assumed at P lTS B o d y w e i g h t w a s s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e d i n r a t s administered 5-FU compared to healthy controls(P ly increased intestinal MPO levels(≥ 307%; P lthy controls. However, lDR attenuated this effect in 5-FU treated rats, significantly decreasing ileal MPO activity(by 45%; P ls. 5-FU significantly reduced intestinal mucosal thickness(by ≥ 29% P lthy controls. lDR significantly increased ileal mucosal thickness in 5-FU treated rats(19%; P lative to 5-FU controls. In xenopus oocytes expressing AQP4 water channels, RE selectively blocked water influx into the cell, induced by a decrease in external osmotic pressure. As water efflux was unaltered by the presence of extracellular RE, the directional flow of water across the epithelial barrier, in the presence of extracellular RE, indicated that RE may alleviate water loss across the epithelial barrier and promote intestinal health in chemotherapy-induced intestinal *** In summary, low dose RE improves selected parameters of mucosal integrity and r

关键词： Fluorouracil Inflammation Mucositis Rats Rheum

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Transcriptional Regulation and Signaling in Phosphorus Starvation: What About legumes?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第10期50卷 1213-1222页

作者： Oswaldo Valds-lópez georgina Hernndez Centro de Ciencias Genómicas Centre for Genomic Sciences Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mxico National University of MexicoCuernavaca Morelos 62210 Mxico

The availability of soil phosphorus （P）, an essential element, is one of the most important requirements for plant growth and crop production. The morphological and physiological adaptations evolved by plants to cope with P starvation have been well characterized. Several P deficiency plant responses are regulated at the transcriptional level. Microarray analysis has generated valuable information on global gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under P-stress. Despite the identification of P responsive genes, little is known about the regulation of gene expression changes. Four transcription factors, PHRI, WRKY75, ZAT6 and BHlH32, involved in P starvation signaling have been characterized in Arabidopsis, and signaling pathways are deciphered. This review analyzes the current knowledge of transcriptional regulation of P starvation responses in Arabidopsis vis-a-vis legumes such as lupine, common bean and Medicago truncatula. The knowledge on regulatory and signaling mechanisms involved in P acquisition and use in legumes will be useful for improvement of these crops, which account for a large proportion of the world＇s crop production, providing good nutritional quality feed and food.

关键词： legumes phosphorus starvation responses P starvation signaling pathways transcriptional regulation transcription factors.

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Analysis of heterogeneous characteristics in a geothermal area with low permeability and high temperature

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 1039-1050页

作者： Alfonso Aragón-Aguilar georgina Izquierdo-Montalvo Siomara lópez-Blanco Víctor Arellano-Gómez Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías limpias Reforma 113 Col.Palmira Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62490 Mexico

An analytical methodology for reservoir characterization was applied in the central and southwestern zones of los Humeros geothermal field(lHGF). This study involves analysis of temperature, pressure,enthalpy and permeability in wells and their distribution along the area. The wells located in the central western side of the geothermal field are productive, whereas those located at the central-eastern side are non-productive. Through temperature profiles, determined at steady state in the analyzed wells, it was observed that at bottom conditions(approximately 2300 m depth), temperatures vary between 280 and360℃. The temperatures are higher at the eastern side of central zone of lHGF. A review of transient pressure tests, laboratory measurements of core samples, and correlation of circulation losses during drilling suggest that permeability of the formation is low. The enthalpy behavior in productive wells shows a tendency of increase in the steam fraction. It was found that productivity behavior has inverse relation with permeability of rock formation. Further, it is observed that an imbalance exists between exploitation and recharge. It is concluded from the results that the wells located at central-eastern area have low permeability and high temperature, which indicates possibility of heat storage.

关键词： los Humeros geothermal field Reservoir performance Hot rock Enthalpy Permeability Recharge

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Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1192-1210页

作者： georgina l Hold Megan Smith Charlie Grange Euan Robert Watt Emad M El-Omar Indrani Mukhopadhya Gastro-intestinal Research Group Division of Applied Medicine University of Aberdeen Foresterhill

Our understanding of the microbial involvement in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis has increased exponentially over the past decade. The development of newer molecular tools for the global assessment of the gut microbiome and the identification of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 in 2001 and other susceptibility genes for Crohn’s disease in particular has led to better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of IBD. The microbial studies have elaborated the normal composition of the gut microbiome and its perturbations in the setting of IBD. This altered microbiome or “dysbiosis” is a key player in the protracted course of inflammation in IBD. Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified further genes involved in gastrointestinal innate immunity (including polymorphisms in genes involved in autophagy: ATG16l1 and IGRM), which have helped elucidate the relationship of the local innate immunity with the adjacent luminal bacteria. These developments have also spurred the search for specific pathogens which may have a role in the metamorphosis of the gut microbiome from a symbiotic entity to a putative pathogenic one. Here we review advances in our understanding of microbial involvement in IBD pathogenesis over the past 10 years and offer insight into how this will shape our therapeutic management of the disease in the coming years.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’ s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Gut microbiota, Innate immune response, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Faecal transplant

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Cellular and molecular aspects of gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 2979-2990页

作者： Malcolm G Smith georgina l Hold Eiichi Tahara Emad M El-Omar Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Aberdeen University ForesterhillAberdeen AB25 2ZDScotlandUnited Kingdom

Gastric cancer remains a global killer with a shifting burden from the developed to the developing world. The cancer develops along a multistage process that is defined by distinct histological and pathophysiological phases. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations mediate the transition from one stage to another and these include mutations in oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and cell cycle and mismatch repair genes. The most significant advance in the fight against gastric caner came with the recognition of the role of Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） as the most important acquired aetiological agent for this cancer. Recent work has focussed on elucidating the complex host/microbial interactions that underlie the neoplastic process. There is now considerable insight into the pathogenesis of this cancer and the prospect of preventing and eradicating the disease has become a reality. Perhaps more importantly, the study of H pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis offers a paradigm for understanding more complex human cancers. In this review, we examine the molecular and cellular events that underlie Hpyloriinduced gastric cancer.

关键词： Gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori Hostmicrobial interactions Inflammation Molecular mechanisms Host genetics

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游仆虫信息素Er-1和Er-2对四膜虫的种间作用(英文)

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动物学报 2006年第6期52卷 1125-1132页

作者： lászló K?HIDAI georgina Gl Rosalba BANCHETTI Department of Genetics Cell-and Immunobiology Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Department of Biology University of Pisa via A. Volta Pisa Italy

信息素是生物体向外释放的化学物质,在细胞及生物体中具有种内信息传递的生理学功能。信息素这一类分子广泛分布于系统发生史中,它们的特异活性在单细胞生物、昆虫以及脊椎动物中均有报道。脊椎动物中信息素的信号传输已被证实是一嗅觉... 详细信息

信息素是生物体向外释放的化学物质,在细胞及生物体中具有种内信息传递的生理学功能。信息素这一类分子广泛分布于系统发生史中,它们的特异活性在单细胞生物、昆虫以及脊椎动物中均有报道。脊椎动物中信息素的信号传输已被证实是一嗅觉依赖过程,7TM-受体被认为是信号传输过程中的信号转换器。在低等单细胞生物(例如:来可夫游仆虫)的细胞膜上存在有信息素异构体,作为信息素分子的有效结合位点而行使其功能。本研究主要探讨单细胞的信息素(Er-1和Er-2)的基础细胞生理学作用是仅限于产生该信息素的物种,还是对其它的原生动物(例如:四膜虫)或对系统发育中分类地位较高的细胞(例如:MRC5成纤维细胞或J774巨噬细胞)均具有调节活性。研究结果表明,游仆虫的两种信息素对梨形四膜虫Gl的生长调节有显著不同的作用:当信息素浓度为10-11M时,Er-1具有正调控作用,而Er-2具有抑制剂的作用。这两种配体的趋化作用也有很不同:Er-1具有一种广范的化学排斥特性,而Er-2具有一个双峰的化学吸引剂的性质。计算机检测发现,与Er-2的作用不同,Er-1可略微降低被测细胞的游动速率。趋化现象的选择特性表明Er-2信息素的受体有一种“短期”的特性;而Er-1是不能选择任何亚种群的,这也支持了我们先前的研究数据,即这两种信息素在四膜虫Gl内产生两种不同的信号。四膜虫对信息素特异性的反应表明四膜虫能辨别非常近似但带有微小差异的配体(如Er-1和Er-2的电荷差异)。

关键词：游仆虫四膜虫信息素游动趋化性增殖

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Recombinant streptokinase vs phenylephrine-based suppositories in acute hemorrhoids, randomized, controlled trial(THERESA-3)

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第6期20卷 1594-1601页

作者： Francisco Hernández-Bernal georgina Castellanos-Sierra Carmen M Valenzuela-Silva Karem M Catasús-lvarez Roselin Valle-Cabrera Ana Aguilera-Barreto Pedro A lópez-Saura Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Juan B. Zayas" Hospital National Center for the Coordination of Clinical Trials

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant streptokinase (rSK) and phenylephrine-based suppositories in acute hemorrhoidal disease.

关键词： Streptokinase Suppository Phenylephrine Thrombolysis Hemorrhoids Randomized clinical trial

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Physical activity, weight status and diet in adolescents: are children meeting the guidelines

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Health 2010年第10期2卷 1142-1149页

作者： Spencer E. Boyle georgina l. Jones Stephen J. Walters 不详

Childhood obesity is on the increase and maintaining regular physical activity and consuming a healthy diet have become essential tools to combat the condition. The United Kingdom government has recommended guidelines for optimal levels of diet and activity in children. The aim of this paper is to describe and compare self-reported physical activity levels, diet, and Body Mass Indices (BMI) amongst adolescent children, aged 11-15, in the South West (SW) and North West (NW) regions of England and to see if these children were meeting the current targets for optimal levels of: physical activity;fruit/vegetable consumption;fat consumption and BMI. We report the results of a cross-sectional survey of four secondary schools and 1,869 children using the self-reported Western Australian Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (CAPANS) physical activity instrument and a food intake screener questionnaire, in summer and winter. We found that 25% (469/1869) 95% CI: 23% to 27%, of children engaged in 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day;53% (995/1866) 95% CI: 51% to 56%, took 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day;while 22% (407/1861) 95% CI: 20% to 24% consumed recommended amount of fats, and 23.7% (276/1164) 95% CI: 21% to 26%, of pupils were obese or overweight as classified by their BMI. Self reported physical activity in young people regardless of area is lower than previously reported and the lack of students engaging in 60 minutes moderate to vigorous activity could have serious public health consequences. If sustained, this could lead to more overweight adults, and more ill health.

关键词： Physical Activity Diet Exercise Adolescents Guidelines

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Reproductive performance of the Mesa silverside(Chirostoma jordani Woolman,1894)under natural and controlled photoperiods

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BIOCEll 2012年第3期36卷 105-111页

作者： JOSÉlUIS ARREDONDO-FIGUEROA lAURA georgina NÚÑEZ-GARCÍA PAlOMA ADRIANA HEREDIA-GUZMÁN JESÚS T.PONCE-PAlAFOX Posta Zootécnica Departamento de ZootecniaCentro de Ciencias AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesJesús MaríaAguascalientesMéxico Planta Experimental de Producción Acuícola Departamento de HidrobiologíaCBSUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana IztapalapaMéxicoD.F Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoEstado de MéxicoMéxico Centro de Innovación y Transferencia Tecnológica CENITT Posgrado CBAPEscuela Nacional de Ingeniería PesqueraUniversidad Autónoma de NayaritTepicNayaritMéxico

Chirostoma jordani is a native annual species inhabiting lacustrine waters of the Central Mexico *** is widely distributed and is currently facing high environmental *** experi-ments were performed to study the reproductive performance of this *** of the experiments were conducted in 270-l indoor recirculation *** males and one female at the first stage of reproduction were included in each test.A photoperiod of 14 light hours and 10 dark hours was *** a fifth experiment,10 females and 15 males were kept in an outdoor 3,000-l recirculation tank under natural *** number of spawns,fertilised eggs and 30-day-old juveniles were counted and the survival rate was *** results indicated significant differences(Plled photoperiod,and higher numbers of juveniles and a higher survival rate were observed under natural *** trials exhibited different patterns of egg produc-tion during the *** egg production in the natural-photoperiod trials followed a polynomial curve *** contrast,the trials under the controlled photoperiod showed an irregular pattern of increases and decreases in egg production.

关键词： breeding Atherinopsidae eggs juveniles survival rate

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Cataract blindness in Hungary

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第3期13卷 438-444页

作者： Gábor l.Sándor Gábor Tóth Dorottya Szabó Irén Szalai Regina lukács Anita Pék georgina Z.Tóth András Papp Zoltán Z.Nagy Hans limburg János Németh Department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis UniversityBudapest 1085Hungary Department of Ophthalmology Flór Ferenc HospitalKistarcsa 2143Hungary Department of Ophthalmology Petz Aladár HospitalGyor 9024Hungary Faculty of Health Sciences Semmelweis UniversityBudapest 1088Hungary Health Information Services Grootebroek 1613The Netherlands

AIM:To estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment resulting from cataract in the population aged≥50 y in Hungary,and to assess the cataract surgical ***:A rapid assessment of avoidable blindness(RAAB)was conducted.A total of 3523 eligible people were randomly selected and *** participant underwent surgery for cataract was interviewed with regard to the year,place,and costs of the *** with obvious cataract were asked why they had not yet undergone surgery(barriers to surgery).RESUlTS:An estimated 12514 people were bilaterally blind;the visual acuity(VA)in 19293 people wasle waslind;98067 eyes had a VA ofll cataract surgeries were conducted in government *** age-and sexadjusted cataract surgical coverage with VAl outcome after surgery was 79.5%.Ocular comorbidity was the main cause of poor outcome(78.1%),followed by late complications(such as posterior capsule opacification)(17.2%),inadequate optical correction(3.1%),and surgical complications(1.6%).The main barrier to surgery in people with bilateral cataract and VA oflt’.CONClUSION:The prevalence of visual impairment resulting from cataract is slightly higher than *** quality of the cataract surgical service seems adequate in ***,the number of cataract operations per year should continue to increase due to the increasing patient demands and the aging population.

关键词： cataract prevalence blindness visual impairment rapid assessment of avoidable blindness

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